Survival Scenarios: Boots or Bug-Out Bag?

Welcome to another entry of Survival Scenarios, where we ask you how you’d handle a difficult choice in a hypothetical survival situation. Previously, we asked whether you’d rather be adrift at sea or stranded in the barren desert, and also whether you’d rather survive without a knife or without a fire-starter. These are all tough questions, but today’s may be the hardest yet.

How would you rather survive for 7 days: without your boots (meaning, barefoot) or without your bug-out bag?

Survival Scenarios boots or bug out bag NYC

The streets of New York would be a tough place to go barefoot.

Before you answer, we’ll provide some more information on the circumstances. As with previous Survival Scenarios, in either case, you’ll need to survive for 7 days, and you’ll be alone. You’ll be located in an urban setting, on the streets of New York City in the month of May.

Weather is expected to be clear, and temperatures will range from about 65°F/18°C during the day to about 50°F/10°C at night.

Survival Scenarios boots or bug out bag NYC Brooklyn

However, it’s not exactly peaceful in this scenario—major civil unrest has recently thrown the Big Apple into turmoil, and large-scale rioting has been taking place for over a week already. Over the last 7 days, you have been hunkered down in your tiny apartment in Brooklyn, listening to the chaos in the streets below, and hoping it would all blow over.

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However, you awake in the early morning hours to the deafening tone of a smoke alarm. Choking clouds of pitch-black ash fill your lungs. A fire broke out on a lower floor (possibly from a molotov cocktail or vehicle fire on the street) and it quickly spread through the aging apartment building. Emergency services have been stretched to the breaking point over the last week, so rescue is unlikely.

You begin to get dizzy from smoke inhalation, and know every second counts if you’re going to evacuate and survive. As you stumble deliriously towards the door, your body aches for a breath of clean air. You can barely see as you crash through the door, and rush downstairs to the dark street.

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In your hasty escape from the burning apartment, you make it out with only the following items:

If you choose the bug-out bag, it contains all the items and tools you might expect, such as a folding knife, hatchet, flashlight, paracord, small first-aid kit, water purifier, food ration bars, Mylar emergency blanket, and even a change of clothes.

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Many useful items, but no footwear to be found.

However, here’s the catch: the bug-out bag does not contain any footwear, not even socks. So, you’ll be forced to hit the streets of New York City completely barefoot.

If you’re feeling clever, you may try to craft some makeshift sandals from the supplies in your BOB, but that’s easier said than done. Also, you may be facing attacks from violent crowds—if you need to run for your life at any point, good luck doing so in cobbled-together flip-flops.

Survival Scenarios boots asphalt

Unless you’re used to hiking barefoot, miles of rough asphalt will quickly wear out your feet.

You might think that you can just raid a nearby shoe store, but keep in mind the week-long rioting and looting has already stripped most shops bare—it’ll be hard finding any shoes at all, much less in a size that fits. As you forage, you’ll also be navigating a veritable minefield of broken glass, trash, stagnant water, and even blood on the sidewalks and streets.

Survival Scenarios boots broken glass

One tiny laceration to your foot could easily make you a sitting duck.

A cut on the sole of your foot could lead to an infection, and end up crippling you. You can disinfect it with the BOB’s first aid kit, but that won’t make it any less painful to walk on, and it won’t help if you keep getting dirt in it with every step.

On the other hand, if you choose the boots, you’ll have no worries about injuring your feet or ending up with an infected cut. However, you won’t have any other supplies or weapons, so you’ll have to sneak out and look for them. That’s a dangerous proposition with crowds of looters filling the streets.

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Without shoes, there’s nothing between your skin and the hard asphalt.

Finding food and clean water will be a problem in this case, and you’ll need to find some warmer clothing and a weapon to defend yourself. You may think these items are everywhere in NYC, but remember that the violent looting has left most valuable items already stolen or destroyed.

If you walk into a department store or pharmacy for supplies, expect to meet looters. At best, they’ll ignore you or realize you have nothing worth stealing. At worst, they’ll already be armed and see your presence as a threat. But, with no supplies or gear, it’s a chance you’ll have to take.

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Since you don’t even have a pocket knife, you’ll need to find something else to defend yourself with.

Without a bug-out bag to rely on, you’ll have to kick your scavenging into overdrive. Venturing outside will be necessary to collect food, water, and other supplies, but this will also potentially put you in danger. So, you’d better hope you can find what you need without any confrontations, or that you can defend yourself adequately with your fists, feet, or improvised weapons.

So, make your choice of either boots or bug-out bag in the poll below, and feel free to justify your decision in the comments section.


Survival Scenarios will be a recurring feature on OFFGRIDweb.com, and will ask you to make a difficult choice between two or more hypothetical situations.

We don’t just want you to read our posts silently—we want to hear what you have to say. That’s why we’re working hard to provide more interactive content like quizzes, polls, and giveaways. Got any suggestions? Post them in the comments below, or head over to our Facebook page.


Prison Workout Routine: Deck of Pain

Try to picture a stereotypical maximum-security prisoner. What do you see? Probably a tough-looking guy with an orange jumpsuit, shaved head, face and neck tattoos, and a chiseled, muscular body. There’s a very good reason the last part is included in this stereotype—when someone is locked up all day, every day, they tend to work out a lot to kill time.

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Free weights make excellent blunt-force weapons, and therefore usually aren’t available in prisons.

So, you’re probably not planning to go to prison, but there’s still something you can take away from this: convicts have figured out ingenious ways to build muscle with limited resources. Those guys don’t exactly have a fully-stocked fitness center—some states even disallow weightlifting in prisons—so the inmates make do with what they have. Usually, this means body weight exercises.

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Need a workout? A deck of cards is the only tool you need.

We previously showed you 42 different body weight exercises in a convenient chart format. However, any fitness instructor can tell you that having a system helps you stay on track and push yourself harder. So, here’s a method that has been used by prisoners around the world: the deck of cards workout, also called the deck of pain.

 

Most prisoners have access to playing cards, which makes this method a natural fit. Here’s how it works:

  1. Shuffle the deck of cards.
  2. Assign a body weight exercise to each suit. For example, hearts could be sit-ups, spades could be push-ups, and so on.
  3. Draw a card off the deck, and flip it over.
  4. The number on the card indicates the number of reps, with face cards being 10 and aces being 11.
  5. Based on the number and suit, do the corresponding exercise. For example, a 7 of hearts would mean 7 sit-ups.
  6. Rest a few seconds, draw another card, and repeat the process. Continue until all 52 cards are used.

It may be difficult to tackle at first, but this method will keep you active both physically and mentally. The workout method is said to have started in prisons, but has become more mainstream now, and there’s even a smartphone app if you don’t have playing cards.

More info on the “deck of pain” prison workout can be found here or here.


How to Make a DIY Compass

Land navigation and orienteering are essential skills for any survivalist. Even in areas you’re already familiar with, it’s far too easy to get turned around and hopelessly lost, especially when you’re panicked or frustrated. Obviously, a reliable compass and map are extremely helpful for getting your bearings, but like all survival tools, there are situations when you’ll have to do without them.

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Knowing how to use a compass and a topo map properly could save your life.

We’ve discussed alternative methods for finding true north in the past, such as celestial navigation and the shadow compass method. However, today we’re going to discuss how you can simply make your own DIY compass, instead of trying one of these alternate techniques.

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By simply magnetizing a needle and floating it on water, you’ve got a compass.

The basic principle of a compass uses a needle or indicator that has been magnetically charged, and floats it on water to move smoothly. The magnetized needle will generally point in a northerly direction (although there are other complex factors like declination that can throw it off a few degrees).

This video from the guys at Black Scout Survival shows one method for magnetizing an ordinary sewing needle using a AA battery and some snare wire:

If you don’t have a battery and wire, you can magnetize a needle using—get this—a magnet. Makes sense, right? However, you’ll need a fairly strong magnet to do it correctly.

In a survival situation, the more methods you know to get your bearings, the better. Even if you can’t make one DIY compass method work, you can fall back on another, and navigate your way to safety.


Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

You’ve probably seen one of those stereotypical crime drama TV shows. You know, the ones where the clever cop protagonists show up to the cordoned-off murder scene, pull out some high-tech tools, and suddenly find a miraculous clue in the blood patterns that leads them straight to the killer. It’s all Hollywood nonsense, right? Well, maybe not as much as you’d think.

Bloodstain pattern analysis, also called BPA or blood spatter analysis, is a very real tool that crime scene investigators (actual CSIs, not the sunglass-wearing TV kind) use to understand violent crimes. This technique can help investigators determine crucial details about the crime, such as when it happened, what type of weapon was used, and how long the victim survived after the attack.

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Scientists often use trigonometry to determine blood spatter impact angle. You won’t see that on TV.

The process of BPA has been fictionalized and romanticized by the TV show Dexter, among others, but the fact remains that it’s a valid technique used by crime scene analysts.

So, as a survivalist, why does this matter? First of all, in an urban disaster scenario, rioting or other large-scale violence may take the lives of innocents who end up beaten, stabbed, or shot in the street. By remembering the basics of bloodstain pattern analysis, you can quickly ascertain important facts about scenes of violence you come across. For example:

  • Approximately how long ago was the person killed?
  • How many perpetrators may have been involved?
  • What sort of weapons were used on the victim?
  • Was there a struggle, or was the victim ambushed?
  • Which direction did the perpetrators come from, and where did they leave?

BPA can assist in answering all these questions. Even if you’re not certain what transpired, making an educated guess about the facts of a crime can help you avoid violent criminals, and thereby avoid becoming the next victim.

Here’s a useful infographic about bloodstain pattern analysis:

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Obviously, if you’re looking to prove your analysis in a court of law, you’ll need to study BPA for years and become a true expert. However, if you’re looking to determine what likely happened at a violent crime scene, and want to prevent it happening to you in the future, a very basic understanding of bloodstain pattern analysis can be a useful survival tool.


Survival Self-Awareness: The Gray Man

Let’s get one thing straight: we love cool-looking tactical gear as much as the next guy. It’s undeniably fun to collect and use the best survival gear money can buy, and we all enjoy high-end clothing, tools, and weapons. Most people also like showing off a little and one-upping friends, even if we’re hesitant to admit it.

However, there’s a catch. In a true survival scenario, you do not want to stand out in a crowd, and that’s exactly what will happen if you’re covered in PALS webbing and “tacti-cool” morale patches.

The Gray Man crowd

In a setting like this one, wearing camouflage gear will do anything but conceal your presence.

Drawing attention to yourself as a prepper or survivalist is a good way to get robbed or killed when SHTF. Just like we said, everyone likes high-end gear, so don’t be surprised when someone notices yours and wants to take it from you. Even if there’s not a major disaster, people will naturally be more suspicious of someone who’s noticeably carrying a pocket knife, or dressed in a militaristic fashion. It’s an unavoidable fact of life.

The Gray Man silhouette

This is how you want people to view you: as another nameless, faceless form in the crowd.

This brings us to the concept of The Gray Man. To be The Gray Man means to blend seamlessly into the crowd, and to appear as nondescript as possible. Obviously, this means your appearance may vary based on your setting. Wearing cargo pants and a flannel shirt on Wall Street will look out of place, just like wearing a tailored suit in a low-income neighborhood.

Survival instructor Russ Kolkman explains the concept more in this video:

Obviously, there’s a lot more that could be said about the The Gray Man appearance, but the point we want to make is this: always keep this concept in mind when preparing for urban survival. The better you fit your surroundings in a disaster, the less people will notice you, and the less people notice you, the better your chances of staying alive and unharmed.

To survive in urban areas, be the Gray Man—formless and anonymous.


AlfieAesthetics YouTube Videos

If you’ve spent any amount of time on YouTube watching survivalist videos, you’ll know that there’s a wealth of useful information to be had, and hundreds of different channels to follow. You can learn anything from fire-starting techniques to creative uses for paracord. However, there’s one major catch: a lot of the bushcraft videos out there can be as slow-paced and boring as watching paint dry.

That’s why when we found the AlfieAesthetics YouTube channel, we knew we had to share it. Alfie, the host, is a survivalist from the United Kingdom. His articulate speech, considerable knowledge, and dry humor will make you want to keep watching—rather than nodding off to sleep.

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Alfie showing off and demonstrating some items from his fire-starting kit.

Here’s a 15-minute video about Alfie’s bug-out bag setup, which will give you a feel for his humor and style. (Warning: most of his videos contain some not-safe-for-work language.)

Want more? We can’t blame you. This 51-minute video is jam-packed with info on fungi and wild edibles. Check it out:

One small downside for non-U.K.-based survivalists is the use of British units and terminology, such as pounds instead of dollars, and some metric measurements. Fortunately, it’s not hard to use Google to convert a few units if you’re unclear.

If you enjoy Alfie’s fun and informative bushcraft videos, check out the AlfieAesthetics YouTube channel for lots more. Knowledge weighs nothing, and it’s a huge aid in a survival situation, so soak up as much as you can.


TOPS Knives Hazen Legion 6.0

A durable, razor-sharp fixed-blade knife is one of the most essential tools for survival. Your knife should act as an extension of your body, effortlessly splitting firewood and precisely skinning small game. It’s an item you’d better be ready to stake your life on in a survival scenario.

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If you’re looking for a rugged knife that’s built like a tank, TOPS Knives are an excellent choice. The company has been manufacturing hand-finished blades at its facility in the heart of the Rocky Mountains since 1998, and its designs have been tested and used by numerous military operators worldwide. That’s why the company’s motto is “Special Ops Trust TOPS”.

We previously tested the TOPS Anaconda 7B as part of our “12 Tools for Survival” guide, and found that it was a high-quality piece and a real workhorse.

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Recently, TOPS announced the addition of a new model to its line, the TOPS Knives Hazen Legion 6.0. This represents their first new knife of 2016, and was created in a collaborative effort with experienced blade designer Mark Hazen. The blade debuted at this year’s SHOT Show.

Check out the video below to see it in action.

With over four decades of knife-making experience, it’s safe to say Hazen knows a thing or two about blades. However, demand was so high for his hand-made knives, he came to TOPS and partnered with them to produce the Legion 6.0 in larger quantities. Thanks to the additional manpower, TOPS is able to produce the design faster, but retain the excellent precision and quality Hazen expected.

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The TOPS Knives Hazen Legion 6.0 is designed for combat, with a 6-inch cutting edge and Hunter’s Point shape. The Legion is sculpted from 1095 high-carbon steel, providing excellent durability and easy sharpening in the field, and uses grippy and tough Black Linen Micarta handle scales.

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This knife also includes a durable Kydex sheath, with an integrated belt clip for easy access. Like most TOPS knives, it can also be customized with blade serrations, or with textured “Rocky Mountain Tread” handle scales for added grip.

The all-new TOPS Knives Hazen Legion 6.0 has an MSRP of $210 (although at the time of this article, it’s on sale for less via the company’s web store). To learn more about this blade and other TOPS Knives, visit TopsKnives.com.


The Incredible Survival Story of Alexander Selkirk

For those of us who are interested in learning to survive adverse conditions, one of the best sources of of knowledge is history. Previously, we have shared the stories of real-world survivors like Poon Lim, who lived for a record-setting 133 days alone on a life raft in the ocean. Today, we’ll be sharing another real-life story of solitary survival—one which would go on to inspire the most famous castaway novel of all time, Robinson Crusoe.

Alexander Selkirk

Back in the 17th century, the world was more sparsely populated, and lacked the technology for instant communication across vast distances. Violent crime, war, civil unrest, incurable diseases, and thousands of other everyday dangers meant living past the age of 50 was unlikely during the 1600s. There’s no question that it was a much more difficult time to be alive than the present.

During this period, a boy named Alexander Selkirk was born as the 7th son of a humble cobbler. In 1676, the family lived in Lower Largo, Fife, Scotland. At the time, Scotland was independent from England, and a “Glorious Revolution” was about to occur in 1688, involving rioting and a coup that would depose the king.

This tumultuous environment was a difficult place to be a child, and Selkirk grew up with a rebellious nature and “a quarrelsome and unruly disposition”. To escape legal troubles in Scotland, he struck out to sea at age 17 and became a buccaneer, which essentially amounted to being an English-government-sanctioned pirate.

While living at sea, Selkirk and his fellow crewmen fought against the French and the Spanish during the War of the Spanish Succession in the early 1700s. Some historians call this the first true world war in human history, and it hardened Selkirk into an experienced sailor.

Selkirk’s Fateful Voyage

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Isla Más a Tierra, the island where Selkirk was marooned in 1704. Source: Wikipedia

After narrowly surviving hard battles against Spanish galleons, Selkirk soon became the sailing master of a ship called the Cinque Ports, serving under a 21-year-old Captain Thomas Stradling. In September 1704, the ship needed to resupply fresh water and other resources. So, Stradling stopped the Cinque Ports at an island in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, 416 miles off the coast of Chile. The 18.5-square-mile volcanic island was known as Isla Más a Tierra, and was completely devoid of human life.

While resupplying the ship, Selkirk (true to form) got into an argument with Captain Stradling about the seaworthiness of their ship. Its wood had sustained damage due to a worm infestation, and Selkirk was worried it would sink before they could return home, spelling a likely death sentence for all on board. However, the captain angrily rejected this notion, and said the ship would be just fine.

Selkirk was so frustrated with the Captain, he said he would rather be marooned on Isla Más a Tierra than set foot on the leaky ship again. Stradling took this declaration literally, handed Selkirk a few supplies, and granted his wish to stay on the island. Selkirk realized his mistake and tried desperately to get back on board, but Stradling refused to allow it, sailing away without him.

Life as a Castaway

As Selkirk watched the Cinque Ports disappear on the horizon, he was left with only his personal belongings: a flintlock pistol, a knife, a hatchet, some oats, a little tobacco, a Bible, a few navigational instruments from the ship, and the clothes on his back. He would be stranded here alone for over four years.

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Selkirk was able to sustain himself by hunting and milking wild goats on the island.

Luckily for Selkirk, Más a Tierra hadn’t always been uninhabited, and previous Spanish sailors had left rats, feral cats, and a handful of wild goats on the island. The goats served as food sources for Selkirk—he hunted them at first with his pistol, and once the gunpowder ran out, on foot with his knife. The vicious ship-rats would attack him in his sleep, but he eventually befriended some feral cats for protection.

Selkirk also used every bit of the island’s resources to their fullest. He fished, caught spiny lobsters, milked goats, and foraged for wild turnips, cabbage, and pepper berries. He even crafted a new knife out of barrel hoops he found on the beach after his original blade dulled and broke.

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An 1837 illustration of Selkirk reading in one of the two huts he built. Source: Wikipedia

Although the island’s weather was relatively mild, Selkirk still needed shelter from the rain and colder nighttime temperatures. So, he chopped down pepper trees and built two huts, one for sleeping and one for cooking or food storage.

His clothes wore out after a few years, so he skinned goats and sewed the skins into new clothing using a nail and some thread. His shoes wore out also, but he eventually developed callouses and decided to remain barefoot. Selkirk also kept his mental acuity by reading the Bible he was left with, and singing Psalms.

During the four years and four months Selkirk lived on the island, two ships came ashore. However, there was a problem: both ships were occupied by Spanish soldiers, and Selkirk knew he would be captured, imprisoned, or even killed if they found him. One of the two ships spotted him, but his knowledge of the island’s terrain helped him narrowly escape, until the Spaniards gave up and sailed away.

Finally Rescued

After years of solitude and self-reliance, the incredible survival story of Alexander Selkirk finally came to an end. On February 2nd, 1709, an English privateering ship called the Duke landed on the island. Selkirk was described as “incoherent with joy” at the sight of friendly humans, and helped the Duke’s crew recover from scurvy by providing food and water for them.

An 1859 illustration of Selkirk being taken aboard the Duke. Source: Wikipedia

An 1859 illustration of Selkirk being taken aboard the Duke. Source: Wikipedia

Woodes Rogers, the captain of the Duke, was impressed by Selkirk’s survival skills. He wrote, “One may see that solitude and retirement from the world is not such an insufferable state of life as most men imagine, especially when people are fairly called or thrown into it unavoidably, as this man was.” Rogers made Selkirk the second mate of the Duke, and eventually gave him a ship of his own.

Rather than immediately return home to Scotland, Selkirk remained at sea, plundering jewels from Spanish ships and hunting for gold galleons off the coast of Mexico. After spending several years sailing around the world, he finally headed back to England, and enjoyed life as a local celebrity for the next decade.

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A plaque in Lower Largo, Scotland, which commemorates Selkirk. Source: Wikipedia / SylviaStanley

Selkirk eventually sailed away from England yet again in 1721, but contracted Yellow Fever near the coast of Africa, and died on the ship in 1723. He was buried at sea.

Selkirk’s amazing story would go on to inspire author Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, a novel that has remained popular for nearly 300 years. Many aspects of Selkirk’s ingenuity, such as the use of goat skin for clothing, were incorporated into the book.

The Fate of Those Who Abandoned Selkirk

Ironically, the fate of the Cinque Ports ship was exactly as Selkirk had predicted. The vessel took on water rapidly after leaving Isla Más a Tierra, and sank near a much smaller island off the coast of Colombia, forcing Stradling and the entire crew to surrender to the Spanish in order to avoid starvation. The Spanish soldiers then took the men to be tortured and imprisoned in Lima, Peru. Only 18 of the original 63 men were said to survive the ordeal.

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The island of Malpelo, where the Cinque Ports crew was stranded before surrendering to the Spanish. Source: Wikipedia


GRAYL Ultralight Water Bottle Purifier

Kickstarter is a great way for small startup companies to share their ideas with the world, acquire much-needed funding, and generate public interest in buying their products. We have shared several interesting Kickstarter projects in the past, such as the DPx HEST/F Urban folding knife and the Ti2 Whar-Biner EDC tool.

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GRAYL claims its patented Ultralight water bottle is “the world’s best”.

This time around, we spotted a water purification device that caught our eye on Kickstarter: the GRAYL Ultralight water bottle. This comes from Seattle-based company GRAYL, which was founded in 2012 by CEO Nancie Weston, as a result of concerns about disposable water bottle pollution and the poor quality and taste of water she experienced while traveling.

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The Ultralight water bottle was in development at GRAYL for over four years, and the company has boldly claimed it to be “the world’s best purifier” and “the only bottle anyone anywhere will ever need”. While that last part may seem a bit lofty, the bottle’s specs are actually pretty impressive.

It features full-spectrum purification and filtration, meaning that it removes over 99.999% of bacteria, viruses and protozoa. It even removes particulates such as silt, chemicals such as chlorine, and heavy metals such as lead. This is substantial, as many competitive products only filter a handful of these pathogens.

At only 10.9 ounces, this water bottle also certainly lives up to the Ultralight name.

GRAYL Ultralight water bottle purifier

So, how does it work? Simply fill the outer shell with virtually any fresh water source, then insert the inner filter carrier, and use your body weight to press down firmly.

The patented technology forces water through the interchangeable filter cartridge in under 15 seconds, leaving you with clean, purified water. Each cartridge is good for about 300 uses, which amounts to 40 gallons of water.

GRAYL ULTRALIGHT Purifier [+Filter] Bottle – Kickstarter from GRAYL on Vimeo.

Since launching the Kickstarter campaign, GRAYL has almost quadrupled their $25,000 funding goal, which is a very good sign for this new product.

The GRAYL Ultralight is currently available through the Kickstarter page for $49, and the company estimates normal retail price will be $60 once the Kickstarter ends in March. For more information on GRAYL and their other products, visit TheGrayl.com.


Avoiding Natural Disasters

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse may symbolize Conquest, War, Famine, and Death, but in the United States, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, fire, and hurricanes are more pressing concerns. In OFFGRID Issue 2, we outlined the heavy costs, both financial and human, of natural disasters over the years. You may not be able to control or predict when a natural disaster might hit, but you can choose your place of residence accordingly. The real estate website Trulia researched reams of data on earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes, calculating which cities faced the lowest risk of these natural disasters.

Perhaps not surprisingly, with hurricanes and flooding in the Southeast, earthquakes and wildfires on the West Coast, and tornadoes in between, Trulia’s top picks are in upstate New York, Ohio, and elsewhere in the Northeast and Midwest. They are also quite affordable, with home prices averaging around $100 per square foot, as compared to ridiculously expensive (and disaster-prone) areas like California, Hawaii, and New York City (with pricing of $300 to 500 per square foot).

Before you start packing the homestead, don’t forget that there are other considerations as well. These areas may be at relatively lower risk for natural disasters, but many face tough weather with very harsh winters — not to mention other potential challenges, whether economic (e.g. job growth, appreciation of home prices) or otherwise (e.g. misguided political leadership). But as always, arm yourself with good information and prepare accordingly.

Top 10 Safest Cities from Natural Disasters
RankCityPleasant Days/YearAverage Home Price/Square Foot
1Syracuse, NY53$89
2Cleveland, OH65$80
3Akron, OH48$81
4Buffalo, NY73$93
5Bethesda-Rockville-Frederick, MD52$174
6Dayton, OH51$72
7Allentown, PA-NJ54$109
8Chicago, IL74$113
9Denver, CO37$129
10Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI65$94

What’s a Pleasant Day? Software engineer Kelly Norton crunched 23 years’ worth of data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to determine the average number of so-called “pleasant” days a year. His definition of “pleasant” was temperature between 45 and 85 degrees with no significant precipitation. None of the top 10 safest cities come close to Norton’s top-ranked Los Angeles, with a 183 pleasant days, but they also outstrip the least pleasant — McAllister, Montana, with just 14.

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Sources

Trulia > http://www.trulia.com
Kelly Norton > http://www.kellegous.com
National Climatic Data Center > http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov
Federal Emergency Management Agency > http://www.fema.gov
U.S. Forest Service > http://www.fs.fed.us
U.S. Geological Survey > http://www.usgs.gov
California Geological Survey > http://www.consrv.ca.gov