Mission Ready Pack: Minimalist Survival Kit

On the first day of Undisclosed all the participants were issued the gear they would be using over the course of the event. Part of their setup included the Mission First Tactical ACHRO 22L EDC Backpack loaded with some minimalist survival essentials. While I received the same pack, my role as support staff and field photographer put me in the position to require a bit more gear, so I decided to modify my loadout to accommodate my duties for the event.

Like the participants, I was facing long days and nights in the intense summer heat while traversing the rough terrain of the Ben Franklin Range. Keeping my kit as minimalist as possible to keep the weight down and reduce fatigue were top of mind when building out my kit. Ultimately, I was able to put together a minimalist survival kit that covered shelter, water, fire, medical, navigation, comms, light, and backup power along with a few essential tools.

Minimalst Survival Kit in trunk of vehicle

The Mission First Tactical ACHRO is discreet enough for urban carry, but tough enough for the harshest conditions.

The Bag

The ACHRO 22L is a compact 22-liter pack designed for EDC use and equipped with a good amount of organization as well as the ability to carry a handgun. The pack is purposely designed to have a low-profile appearance and would go unnoticed amongst a sea of other packs in an urban setting. Despite the low-profile look, the laser-cut panels offer plenty of attachment options should you wish to add pouches or lash gear.

The outer body is constructed with 1000D Kodra Carbonate Nylon, which offers both abrasion resistance and superb water resistance. Combined with premium YKK AquaGuard zippers, the ACHRO is ready to take on rainy days in the field or the city and keep the gear inside dry.

The ACHRO has a nicely padded adjustable harness equipped with an adjustable sternum strap that allows the user to fit the pack to their body and adjust based on carry style and load. The back panel offers significant padding with a built-in air channel to keep your back cool.

Finally, the exterior offers two stretchy mesh bottle holders that accommodate up to a 32-ounce bottle in each. When not in use, the bottle holders don’t stick out and won’t get in the way when moving.
The interior offers four compartments. The front of the pack has a nice-sized admin pocket that can fit small tools and various EDC items. Above that is a long, soft-lined pocket designed for sunglasses with a secondary zipper pocket inside. While made for glasses, the pocket can accommodate items that you want quick access to, and the soft lining can ensure your cell phone screen is safe from scratches.

The main compartment offers a generously sized zipper pouch, a back pocket that can accommodate a 16-inch laptop and a smaller pocket that can fit a tablet. Of course, these organizational features can easily work with other items like pouches.

The backside of the pack offers an ambidextrous concealed carry pocket. The loop-lined wall can accommodate hook and loop holster options and includes Mission First Tactical’s Multi Mount Platform.

The ACHRO as a Minimalist Survival Pack

Twenty-two liters is not huge, and, in my opinion, that is a good thing — the bigger the bag the more excess we tend to pack. This is a sweet spot for creating a minimalist survival system that keeps the weight down. Many people don’t consider weight when packing a survival bag, but the importance of it was evident during the Undisclosed event, as even under light load participants struggled moving up steep hills and rough terrain.

Outside of an event like Undisclosed, weight is important, particularly in EDC scenarios. If your pack is too heavy and uncomfortable to carry, the chances of you leaving it at home or in your vehicle are much higher. Your emergency kit doesn’t do any good if you don’t have access to it.

When packing out my ACHRO, my goal was to create a comprehensive minimalist survival kit along with a few EDC essentials so that I could handle any emergency situations that might come up, and I had everything I needed to get my job done throughout the event.

Storage and Organization

The ACHRO has some great organizational features, but I take the organization game a step further using pouches to organize certain types of gear. This allows me to quickly identify and access various kits in an emergency. In addition, pouches can be easily swapped out to accommodate activity-based needs.

Wilderness Survival items in minimalist survival kit

he Mission First Tactical ACHRO Storage Case is a versatile pouch that can be used for a dopp kit, ammo haul, or for survival gear.

Mission First Tactical ACHRO Storge Case

Along with the ACHRO backpacks, participants were issued ACHRO storage cases — the participants used them to store extra magazines. The ACHRO storage case is made from the same water-resistant material as the pack and features the YKK AquaGuard zippers to ensure everything inside stays dry. At 9.5 by 4.5 by 4 inches, the versatile case can serve as much more than just magazine and ammo storage. During the Undisclosed event I didn’t need to carry magazines or ammo, so I opted to use mine for my wilderness survival kit.


Badger Claw Outfitters Scout EDC pouch with edc survival essentials

The Badger Claw Outfitters Scout EDC Pouch is an ideal place to store everyday carry essentials.

Badger Claw Outfitters Scout EDC Pouch

As the name indicates, the Scout EDC Pouch is ideal for housing all your EDC items. This compact 7x5x1-inch pouch fits in any bag and even a large cargo pant or coat pocket. The Undisclosed participants received one of these in water-resistant X-Pac material, but I opted to use a custom version made from Nemesis Camouflage Cordura. I keep basics in here including a pen, notebook, lockpick kit, lighter, and a small “ouch pouch.”

Shelter

In a wilderness emergency, shelter is a top priority. We can survive without food and water for a time, but exposure to the elements can lead to death in as little as three hours. Having the ability to quickly and easily set up a makeshift shelter can be the difference of getting home alive and not getting home at all.


RAB SILTARP1 for survival shelter

The Rab Siltarp 1 is ideal for setting up a one-person survival shelter.

Rab SILTARP 1

Each Undisclosed participant was issued a Rab SILTARP1 as part of their kit. I opted to keep this one in my kit as it was lighter and more compact than the large tarp I usually carry. This ultralight tarp weighs just 8.5 ounces and is made from 30D Cordura fabric, making it both waterproof and durable. When unfolded, it is 1.5 by 2.4 meters (roughly 5 by 12 feet) and is the ideal size for building a one-person shelter. There are built-in loops that can serve as attachment points, and each loop area is reinforced to reduce the likelihood of damage from the elements after being setup.

Atwood Parapocalypse Paracord

Cordage is a vital part of the shelter-building process and can serve a variety of other purposes including lashing gear to packs, hanging food to deter animals from getting into it, and more. I use Atwood Parapocalypse cord as it adds even more survival functionality. This 11-strand paracord is incredibly strong, but if you break it down you will find seven nylon strands, a waxed jute stand, 10-pound fishing line, 160-pound test line, and 110-pound test line.

Fire

Minimalist survival kit fire starter items

Even when building a minimalist survival kit, a good fire kit should always contain redundancy and account for different environmental conditions.

Fire makes us warm, which was not something needed with the intense heat at the Ben Franklin Range during Undisclosed — but fire can do a whole lot more for us in a survival situation. With the proper vessel, fire can be used to boil water to kill pathogens found in wild water sources and cook any wild food sources you can acquire. Fire can also be used to signal rescuers for help, provide light, and boost our mood. I always carry redundancy when it comes to fire-starting tools, as weather conditions and injuries can limit the ways I can start a fire.

BIC Lighter

A classic BIC lighter is the simplest way to create fire. It can be done quickly and easily one-handed. The downside to a lighter is that they will not function well when wet, and the fuel is finite.

Outdoor Element Sparky

The Sparky is a small carabiner made from hardened aluminum. While it is not to be used for climbing, it is ideal for attaching gear, carrying keys, and using as an attachment point with paracord. What makes the Sparky standout is the attached ferrocerium rod, which can be used to create sparks to ignite tinder. While not as easy as a lighter, ferro rods function well in wet and cold environments.

Wazoo Fire Card

The Wazoo Fire Card is a simple credit card-sized piece of highly flammable material that can be used in an emergency to start a fire. Simply shave down some pieces and use a lighter of ferro rod to ignite. The material will ignite in both cold and wet conditions.

Black Beard Fire Plugs

These waxed plugs will burn even when wet for a few minutes, giving you ample time to get some tinder and kindling going.

Water

Under ideal circumstances we can survive for up to three days without water, but in the intense summer heat that number drops dramatically. Having the ability to source clean drinking water is not just vital in an emergency, it can help avoid an emergency all together. The Ben Franklin Range had several creeks and streams onsite, so sourcing water was not a problem I just needed a way to make it safe to drink.

Water filter bottle for survival kit

Having the ability to access clean drinking water can be the difference between life or death in an emergency. The Epic water filter bottle serves double duty in a minimalist survival kit as both a water filter and water storage device.

Nalgene Water Bottle with Epic Filter

All Undisclosed participants were issued a 48-ounce Nalgene water bottle equipped with Epic water filters. This is ideal for this type of adventure, as it stores a large amount of water and can be used to filter wild water sources through a filter that attaches to the straw. The bottle is as wide as a 32-ounce bottle but is taller, so it fits perfectly into the ACHRO pack’s bottle holder. Each bottle kit contained two filters, one for wild water sources and a second for tap water.

LifeStraw

Like fire, having a backup way to purify water is important. I keep a LifeStraw in my wilderness kit as a backup due to its lightweight and ease of use. Simply stick it in any wild water source and use it like any other straw.

Note on Water Filters: While water filters are a great option, they have their limitations. Smaller microbes like virus particles and some environmental contaminants can get past the filter. When possible, source your water from moving water sources and avoid water that is near industrial or farm areas.

Emergency Medical

In most cases, my ouch pouch is enough to handle the small cuts, scrapes, and bumps that come along with traversing rough wilderness terrain, but it is not equipped to tackle major muscle and bone injuries or major bleeds. Undisclosed also had portions of the event that used live firearms, so while it is always good to have some advanced bleeding treatment in the wilderness, it was even more relevant for this event.

Gorilla medical trauma kit with rifle

A proper trauma kit is essential when working with firearms, even in a controlled environment.

Gorilla Medical Individual Trauma Kit

Each participant received a Gorilla Medical individual Trauma kit loaded with a number of lifesaving items focused on the types of injuries most likely to occur with firearms, though many of the items apply to injury types that could potentially occur in the wilderness.

The kit included:
• C.A.T. Tourniquet
• Emergency Bandage
• Compressed Gauze
• Hemostatic Gauze
• Non-Latex Gloves
• Trauma Shears
• Surgical Tape
• Casualty Document Card
• Permanent Marker
• HyFin Vent Chest Seal
• Nasopharyngeal Tube
• Surgical Lubricant
• Needle Decompression

The trauma kit was housed in a custom nylon pouch, which could be easily mounted to our packs or belts.
Note on Emergency Medical Equipment: Medical equipment is only as good as the training you receive. Without the knowledge of how to properly use medical gear, it is just dead weight. Our participants received a crash course in emergency medical training, and I have personally taken numerous courses in the subject. These skills are perishable, and it is important to periodically train to retain and update your skillset.

Navigation

Having a reliable means of navigation in unfamiliar areas can get you out of a bind if you know how to use the tools available. Cell phone-based apps can be helpful, but in the wilderness, and many areas in the Ben Franklin Range, service is limited, and those apps may not be functional.

Garmin GPS navigator

GPS navigation devices allow you to find your way and better understand the topography of the area you are in.

Garmin 64st

This handheld GPS unit has been with me for a while. It may not be the newest unit on the market, but it’s reliable and still receives updates from Garmin. It offers an array of features, but most importantly it provides a topographical map of the area, which is helpful when planning movements. The external antenna gives you a solid connection to GPS satellites for accurate location information even under dense tree cover and during adverse weather conditions. It is rugged and can handle drops and driving rain, ensuring it will be available when you need it.

Coms and Signaling

With limited cell phone reception or in the instance that our mesh radios fail, having a backup communications plan is important in the event of an emergency. Beyond communications, having the ability to signal others, especially in the dark, is important if facing an emergency.

ZOLEO Sat comm for minimalist survival kit

When in remote locations cell phone service can be unreliable. Compact satellite communicators like the ZOLEO allow you to communicate with others when there is no cell service.

ZOLEO

As a stand-alone device, the ZOLEO satellite communicator is a great, easy-to-use option capable of sending SOS messages and contacting emergency services. What is even more useful is that it turns your cell phone into a text-based satellite communicator, allowing both emails and text messages to be sent and is capable of automatically sending your GPS location to emergency contact or search-and-rescue services. The device itself is built to withstand the elements and has great battery life. The compact size makes it easy to carry in your pocket, attached to your gear, or in a pack.

glow rhino ember for signaling in minimalist survival kit

The Glow Rhino Ember is an ideal low light gear marker and signaling device that add next to no weight to your minimalist survival kit.

Glow Rhino Ember

Glow Rhino packs tritium into their fobs. Tritium is a harmless radioactive isotope that will glow brightly for well over a decade without the need for any light or electronic charging. While small, the bright green glow is picked up easily by the human eye in dark conditions, which can help you stand out to those looking for you. These also make great gear markers when working in dark conditions.

Light

Having a light source when operating at night or in dark conditions is essential. Even if you are not planning to be out in the wilderness at night, emergency situations can leave us trying to navigate back to a safe location in the dark. In the wilderness, the absence of building and infrastructure lighting can result in pitch black conditions, making movement difficult and unsafe.

Powertac HL-10 Headlamp

The Powertac Explorer head lamp was provided to all participants, and I opted to use this as my primary light source as headlamps are ideal for creating hands-free light when working or on the move. The Explorer produces up to 2500 lumens of white light and has almost three days of run time on low mode between charges. In addition to white light, the Explorer has a red light option, which is ideal for preserving your night vision and an IR mode for tactical pursuits.

Backup Power

With a heavy reliance on electronics comes the need for backup power. Power banks are a daily carry necessity, but when operating in adverse conditions, picking a ruggedized weather-resistant option is vital.

Power bank and head lamp for survival kit

With a heavy reliance on electronic devices, backup power should be part of every survival kit.

Dark Energy Poseidon Pro

The Poseidon Pro is a great solution for wilderness backup power. The ruggedized frame is drop, water, and temperature resistant, and it provides 10,000 mAh of power, which is enough to charge all the devices I carry and my phone at least once.

on body survival kit

On-Body Gear

The kit I put together was comprehensive, but as our participants learned during the event, your pack doesn’t do you any good if it is not on your person when an emergency happens. While the participant faced a staged mass casualty event, I have learned from firsthand experience how easy it is to become separated from your pack in high-stress situations. Developing some redundancy in your kit to store on your person should be part of every survival kit build. Even though my on-body gear is not as robust as the gear in my pack, it is important to remember the best survival gear for any situation is the gear you have on you. My on-body carry included The Reiff Vicon, Skallywag Tactical Iron Jaw, Fenix PD25R, Sunshine Safety BRIK Micro, Outdoor Element Sparky, and Glow Rhino Ember.

Closing Thoughts

My ACHRO packed out came in at just over 11 pounds, not including water weight, and left plenty of room to add some snacks and house my camera when not in use. Having a light pack was welcome when traversing the challenging terrain and intense summer heat at the Ben Franklin Range during Undisclosed. Fortunately, I did not encounter emergency situations, but being prepared brings confidence and peace of mind to charge forward during the event with less stops back to the lodge to get supplies.

Much of the gear came in handy throughout the longer days, particularly the navigation, lighting tools, backup power, and water bottle. While we may instinctually want to pack everything and the kitchen sink, finding the right balance between weight and functionality is vital to reduce fatigue. When operating in challenging terrain and high heat, over-packing survival and EDC gear will quickly do more harm to your body and performance that outweigh any benefit the gear may have.

Read More From Issue 70

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Garmont Tactical Boots

When it comes to operating in high-stress environments, navigating the wilderness, or moving quickly during an emergency, next to our minds, our feet are our most important tool. The ability to move quickly and efficiently can be seriously hampered when foot injuries or discomfort are present. Having proper footwear is essential, and with the footwear market being as large as it is, it is difficult to know exactly what the best show for the job is.

While your average sneaker, work boot, or sandal may be a comfortable choice for daily use — these types of shoes are not built to hold up to miles of on foot travel, adverse weather conditions, and rough terrain. They also aren’t designed to keep our feet happy and healthy in these activities. In the years I’ve spent as an avid hiker, taking a variety of tactical/survival courses, and making it through several emergency scenarios, I’ve seen the impact of improper footwear both personally and with others. Blisters, rolled ankles, and fractures are just a few of the injuries that can stop you in your tracks, and over time more serious chronic conditions can develop because of improper footwear.

When it comes to selecting the best footwear to manage extended wear through harsh conditions that won’t slow you down when you need to move, it is best to trust our feet to footwear that is specially designed for that scenario. Fortunately, Garmont Tactical has years of experience doing just that.

Introducing the T8 Tactical Boot

Garmont has been in the footwear game since the 1960s and is known for making highly functional hiking boots and shoes. In 2008, Garmont was contacted by U.S. Special Forces and asked to create a better military boot. Garmont went to work incorporating their extensive experience and innovation in developing hiking boots, to create a military boot that had the benefits of a hiking boot and the protective qualities that the military required. The result of this process yielded the T8 family of boots and the creation of Garmont Tactical. The T8 was designed for comfort and breathability during extended wear, while also providing top-of-the-line traction in numerous operation terrains and ensure superior ankle protection.

The innovation did not stop with the first versions of the T8. Since its inception, Garmont Tactical has continued the Garmont’s legacy of innovation by producing several versions of the T8 and have introduced several new tactical boots to their lineup to meet the evolving needs of military and law enforcement personnel.

Many Applications

Garmont Tactical’s widespread adoption throughout military and police forces clearly shows their dedication to producing a premium battle-ready boot, but these boots have a lot of practicality beyond the battlefield.

  • First Responders: Both volunteer and career first responders have a need for protective footwear that won’t slow them down when split-second decisions matter.
  • Security Professionals: Those in the security field can find themselves on their feet for long periods of time and will face situations where moving quickly, scaling obstacles, and operating on varied terrain is essential.
  • Shooting Sports: Enthusiasts can benefit from a durable and protective boot, especially when training classes and events take them beyond the bench.
  • Outdoors: Not all outdoors people stay on the trail. Thanks to Garmont’s roots in outdoor footwear, search-and-rescue teams, state and federal parks employees, hunters, and anyone else who ventures into the wilderness can maintain the benefits of a hiking boot with the upgraded protection of a tactical boot.
  • Emergency Preparedness: During a natural or human-caused emergency, the ability to move quickly over varied terrain for long distances can be vital to surviving the situation. Having a solid pair of tactical boots can help accomplish that goal and protect the wearer’s feet while doing it.

Choosing the Right T8 Tactical Boot

We tested four different variants of Garmont Tactical’s T8 boots built for different circumstances. Each boot was tested in varied environments through multiple seasons and weather conditions. We break down the features and benefits of each. All of Garmont Tactical’s T8 boots feature 8-inch height, non-reflective hardware, and suede/leather and nylon construction.

T8 Defense Tactical Boot

T8 Defense: Maximum Foot Protection

The T8 Defense is the latest member of the T8 family. Based on the original T8 boot design, the Defense incorporates the addition of D30 impact-resistant material throughout the boot to protect the wearer and reduce shock impact on the feet. For those unfamiliar with D30 technology, it is widely used for motorcycle, athletic, and military protective gear due to its lightweight impact and vibration resistance —­ it has also been used in electronic equipment.

D30 is incorporated into the ankle and tongue of the T8 Defense to help protect the most sensitive areas of the foot from blunt-force impacts. Garmont has also utilized D30 in the footbed to reduce the effects of impact while on the move. The result makes the T8 Defense one of the most comfortable boots I have worn for extended periods. During my testing, I had the T8 Defense boots on for upward of 16 hours per day and covered many miles with less foot fatigue than other boots I have worn.

The Defense is a breathable boot, which was welcome during the 95-plus-degree days. I was surprised at how breathable there in the intense heat and direct sunlight despite being made primarily of black leather.

While the Defense is not rated as waterproof, it stands up fine to light rain for a few hours, but I would not be looking to stand in deep puddles or attempt to move across a shallow creek and expect to stay dry.

The Vibram outsole provides an excellent grip in wet and dry conditions in both urban and wilderness environments while providing good stability. The T8 Defense is stiff to provide support, but not so stiff that fast movement is impaired.

Finally, when it comes to weight, the T8 Defense is not what I would consider a lightweight boot, but they are not heavy either. They are lighter on the feet when compared to an average work boot and a touch heavier compared to a hiking boot.

Overall, the T8 Defense was a comfortable boot that provides excellent support for your foot and ankle during all-day wear and covering significant distances at varied paces. The T8 Defense is available in regular or wide sizes in both the black leather LEO version and the tan military version.

T8 Extreme Evo Tactical boot

T8 Extreme Evo GTX: Warm and Waterproof

The T8 Extreme Evo line was developed to incorporate a cold weather boot into the Garmont Tactical lineup. Two variations were made — one with 200-gram Thinsulate and a second with Gortex waterproof material. As I frequent the wet woodlands in New England, I opted to evaluate the Gortex variant.
Gortex provides breathable waterproofing, and while it doesn’t breathe as well as a boot without a waterproof lining, it is far more breathable alternative to waterproofing like sealed boots made from some kind of rubber material. Gortex will aid in heat retention, though not as much as Thinsulate.

The Evo Extreme GTX was my go-to boot the entirety of this past winter, and I found when combined with wool socks, they did a great job of keeping my feet warm while trudging through the snow and ice — both while in a suburban environment and while navigating the frozen woodlands. The waterproofing held up very well even when moving through shallow running water or standing in slushy standing water.
The Vibram outsoles provide an excellent grip in all conditions and perform exceptionally well in wet woodland environments. The addition of Ortholite insoles aided in comfort during all-day use and collecting serious milage out in the woods.

Like the T8 Defense, I found the Extreme Evo to be very supportive during wear, with an appropriate amount of stiffness to handle uneven terrain but not hinder fast movement when needed.

T8 extreme evo sole

Despite being a boot designed for colder weather, when combined with the appropriate sock to manage foot moisture, the EVO Extreme GTX is a good option for navigating wet environments across all seasons.
The Extreme Evo GTX is noticeably heavier when compared to the T8 Defense, but that is expected when incorporating the Gortex waterproofing. Despite that, the boots do not feel overly heavy on the feet and are comfortable for extended wear in harsh conditions.

Overall, The T8 Extreme Evo GTX is a great option for cold and wet weather, especially when operating in uneven and rocky terrain. Like the other T8 variants, the Extreme Evo is available in regular and wide sizing. As of the time of writing, the Extreme Evo line is only available in the tan military coloring.

T8 Athena Tactical boot

T8 Athena: A Specialized Women’s Tactical Boot

The T8 Athena is one of the most unique boots in the Garmont Tactical lineup. While many boot manufacturers make tactical boots in women’s sizing, Garmont is currently the only tactical boot on the market that is built from the ground up for women. The T8 Athena is specifically designed for a woman’s anatomical foot structure.

Women have a slightly shorter Achilles’ tendon, a narrow more pronounced arch, less foot muscle density, and weight distribution on the front of the foot when compared to men. While women can wear a tactical boot that was designed for men, having a boot that is built with these differences in mind will increase comfort and performance and reduce fatigue and injury.

The T8 Athena features the same lightweight breathability found in the T8 Defense with a slightly less rigid outsole for increased mobility and comfort over extended wear. The Athena uses Garmont’s proprietary Diamante outsole designed for comfort when navigating uneven terrain and prioritizes traction in ascent and descent scenarios.

t8 Athena Sole

My wife assisted me in the testing of the T8 Athena in the same conditions as the T8 Defense. Her feedback: The Athena was the most comfortable boots she had worn and she preferred them to some of her other technical footwear for the increased mobility and support they provided. Like the Defense, the Athena held up to light rain for an extended time and remained breathable and comfortable in 95-plus-degree temperatures. She found them comfortable for all-day wear during an extended outdoor event and while attending woodland-based training classes.

Like the other T8 variants, the Athena is available in both regular and wide sizes. The Athena is available in both black LE and tan military variants. The T8 Athena has become a mainstay of her footwear lineup for outdoor and strenuous tasks.

t8 falcon tactical boot


T8 Falcon: The Official Boot of Undisclosed

The T8 Falcon is a lightweight variant of the T8 that is designed for speed and agility. While not waterproof, the Falcon provides incredible breathability in hot environments and dries quickly when wet.
Each participant of the Undisclosed event was issued a pair of T8 Falcon boots for the event, and they wore them throughout the training and scenario portion of the event. The Falcon’s grippy outsoles ensured positive traction when navigating uneven terrain and scaling up and down steep and rocky areas. The lightweight nature of the boots ensured all-day comfort and breathability in 90-plus-degree temperatures.

Undisclosed logo

When faced with rain, the leather and nylon construction did a good job keeping their feet dry despite not being waterproof, and the boots quickly dried out after crossing streams. The durable leather and nylon construction held up to the rigors of the event — and, best of all, the participants noted there was no break-in period needed.

The T8 Falcon is an ideal choice for those looking for lightweight foot protection that won’t slow you down or impact the wearers agility. The Falcon is only available in the military tan colorway.

Final Thoughts

As an outdoors person, preparedness enthusiast, and someone who takes part in a wide range of tactical and survival training programs, I can give the Garmont Tactical T8 lineup my seal of approval. I place a high value on functional technical footwear. I spend a lot of time in the woods hiking, camping, and training. While hiking boots are a great option for navigating the trail, they lack the versatility, durability, and load-bearing capacity found in tactical boots. In this case, I feel like Garmont gives you the best of both worlds.

The T8 variants we evaluated all provided great traction in a variety of conditions in the wilderness but performed equally as well in urban and suburban environments. The tread on all variants have held up very well both on and off the trail, something not often found in your typical hiking boot where pavement can quickly wear down hikers.

The added support found in the T8’s was welcome when moving with heavier loads, leading to far less discomfort and swelling compared to a light hiking shoe. Outside of the woods, the support also helps when on your feet all day both just standing and when doing a good deal of walking.

When compared to a typical work boot, the difference is night and day. The T8 boots fit better, provide more support, and weigh significantly less. They also have better traction in wet and oily conditions found in some industrial circumstances.

If you are looking for a rugged, durable, highly versatile pair of boots, the Garmont Tactical T8 lineup has great options with specific models boasting specialty features that may fit your needs. If you are like me and have wide feet, you will be happy with the addition of wide sizing and the roomy toe boxes. Finally, the addition of the anatomically designed Athena is a game changer for women who want or need a tactical boot, and we hope to see this expand to other aspects of the Garmont Tactical lineup.

Read More From Issue 70

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Blades for any Challenge

Knives are among humanity’s oldest tools, serving as companions for cooking, hunting, utility, and combat. While the first knives made by humans were likely all-purpose tools — modern design and production techniques have allowed knifemakers to develop tools for very specific purposes.
The VIPs at Undisclosed got their hands on several exceptional knives. Each of these knives vary in size, blade shape, materials, and more, giving each a distinct specialization in survival and tactical scenarios. Let’s dive into the details of each of the knives from Undisclosed and discuss the best roles for each knife.

Scout Feather Knife

Outdoor Element: OFFGRID Scout Feather

Outdoor Element is known for producing a wide array of outdoor survival gear, with a focus on multifunctional design features that allow each item to serve multiple functions — the Scout Feather is no exception. This compact survival knife packs an arsenal of essential survival features into a slim and easy to carry package.

Light as a Feather

Weighing in at a mere 2.3 ounces, the Scout Feather is a lightweight knife that packs a ton of functionality. The Scout Feather has a 2.75-inch VG-10 blade, which provides good edge retention, easy sharpening, and corrosion resistance when working in wet and humid environments. The spine includes jimping for positive grip retention along with a generous portion being ground to 90 degrees to easily strike a ferrocerium rod to help you get a fire started. The blade features a utilitarian saber grind that functions well in both outdoor and everyday cutting tasks.

The handle is thin and ergonomic, featuring durable G10 handle scales that will hold up well in the harshest conditions and stand the test of time. The end portion of the handle features a hex driver and comes equipped with a small reflective lanyard and 115-decibel whistle that can be utilized for signaling during an emergency.

Sheath or Portable Toolbox?

When it comes to knife sheaths, most people are looking for a high-quality sheath and easy draw. The Scout Feather accomplishes this with its Kydex sheath and adjustable pocket clip — but it also packs a whole lot more functionality. Included on the sheath is a replaceable ferro rod to help get fires started in adverse conditions and a knife sharpener to keep the Scout Feather razor sharp in the field.

scout feather knife in nature


RECOIL OFFGRID Upgrades

This special edition of the Scout Feather came with a few upgrades over the standard production model. For starters, we added glow-in-the-dark liners and a glow-in-the-dark whistle to enhance low light visibility. We also added a black coating to further enhance corrosion resistance in harsh environments.
Best Uses for the Scout Feather

The compact and ultra-light nature of the Scout Feather makes it a great option for everyday carry. When it comes to outdoor tasks, the Scout Feather packs a lot of functionality in a very light package, making it ideal for hiking and ultralight backpacking. It is easy enough to carry on your person or in your pack to serve as a very utilitarian second knife during any outdoor adventure.

URL: outdoorelement.com
MSRP: $60 (RECOIL OFFGRID variant for Undisclosed VIPs only)

Reiff Vicon Knife

Reiff Knives: Vicon

We started with an ultra-compact knife, and now we move to the opposite end of the spectrum with the Reiff Vicon, a full-sized tactical field knife. Reiff Knives has made a name in the knife industry for producing high-end, American-made outdoor and survival knives. The Vicon is their first venture into the tactical market. While the Vicon may be Reiff’s first tactical knife, they went into it with the same level of expertise, testing, and refinement that they have become known for in their outdoor lineup.

Development for the Vicon began three years ago with the collaborative input of active-duty U.S. Navy SEALs. Throughout the development and prototyping phases, early versions of the Vicon were put to the test in some the harshest conditions all over the world. The result of this elaborate prototyping and testing process is the Vicon that is now available to the public.
Robust and Versatile

The Vicon is definitely what I would consider a full-sized field knife coming in at just over 10 inches overall with a 5.2-inch blade. The blade stock is a stout 3/16-inch thick, and the total weight comes in around 9.8 ounces. The blade sports a clip point and well-done swedge design to keep the clip point’s piercing tip while providing enough “meat” to prevent tip breakage. The Vicon’s blade is made from premium CPM-Magnacut steel, which is known for its corrosion resistance, durability, and edge retention. The spine of the blade has a large section of jimping for grip and control followed by a nice section of 90-degree spine that could easily strike a ferro rod.

The handle features textured handle scales and an ergonomic contoured grip with a striking surface that doubles as a lanyard hole at the tail end that can be used to break glass and perform other blunt-force tasks.

Variety is the Spice of Life

In typical Reiff fashion, the Vicon is available in a variety of handle materials and colors to suit the user’s preferences. The Vicon can be had in tough OD green or black G10. If you are looking to maximize your grip, you can opt for the same colorways in Micarta.

The Vicon’s blade is available in three finishes — uncoated stonewash, black DLC, and coyote PVD. Magnacut is incredibly corrosion resistant, but either of the coated blades offer increased resistance. The black DLC finish creates an entirely non-reflective surface, and the coyote finish will blend better in arid environments. Both PVD and DLC coatings are considered premium coatings that are designed to withstand hard use and the test of time.
Versatile Knife, Versatile Sheath

Reiff vicon with tactical gear


The Vicon comes with a custom-made Kydex sheath, which offers numerous mounting options. The Sheath has an attached belt plate that was specifically designed to accommodate wider gunner and battle belts with an underhook design to ensure positive retention while also giving the user the ability to remove it from the belt on the fly.

Removing the plate allows for mounting on packs, plate carriers, and other webbing platforms and can accommodate other attachment options like Tek-Lok clips. The sheath also includes a retention screw that allows the user to adjust the retention to find their perfect spot between knife retention and ease of draw.

Best Uses for the Vicon

Based on the design and the minds behind it, the Vicon is an exceptional tactical knife, but this versatile knife can fit many different kits. Reiff’s heritage of robust outdoor knives has not been lost on the Vicon, and it makes an excellent survival and hunting knife. The piercing point premium steel and ergonomic design make it an excellent do-all workhorse of a knife with the added benefit of having combat knife capabilities. The Vicon fits in at camp as part of your survival kit and on the battlefield.

URL: reiffknives.com
MSRP: $435

auxiliary manufacturing pocket bowie

Auxiliary Manufacturing: Deadhead Pocket Bowie

Auxiliary Manufacturing is owned by Michael Jarvis, a custom knifemaker hailing from Nevada known for making compact tactical and defensive knives with a distinct aesthetic. His coffin handle design was inspired by historical fighting bowies and made their debut with the Pocket Bowie. The coffin handle design has since been expanded to several different blade shapes. Jarvis recently launched the Deadhead line of production knives, starting with a folding version of the Pocket Bowie and the production version of his fixed blade Pocket Bowie.

Discreet and Functional

The production Pocket Bowie maintains the same size as the custom version coming in at 6.25 inches overall with a 3-inch blade. The blade steel is 14c28n, a well-rounded stainless steel that provides good edge retention and toughness while also being very easy to sharpen. The blade is black PVD coated, providing additional corrosion resistance and reducing reflection. The spine offers enough jimping for a single finger to ensure grip and control. The clip point is reminiscent of the classic bowie, but the addition of a well-designed swedge greatly increases tip strength without sacrificing piercing capabilities.

The coffin shape of the handle combined with Auxiliary Manufacturing’s unique texture pattern provides a surprising comfortable grip despite being only 3.25 inches long. The handle scales are made from durable black G10 with black hardware, giving the Deadhead Pocket Bowie a sleek blacked-out look.

auxiliary manufacturing pocket bowie with edc gear


Multiple Mounting Options

The Deadhead Pocket Bowie ships with a well-fit Kydex sheath with an attached Tek-Lok for mounting. While Tek-Lok makes a great mounting option, the sheath can accommodate several aftermarket clips and loops, allowing the user to customize their carry system.

Best Uses for the Pocket Bowie

The Pocket Bowie is an aggressive knife. The sweeping clip point is ideal for piercing tasks, and the compact size makes it easy to carry discreetly. Combined this makes the Pocket Bowie an ideal option for a personal self-defense knife.

URL: auxiliarymanufacturing.com
MSRP: $99

Krate Tactical Ranger OTF Knife

Krate Tactical: Ranger OTF

Krate Tactical is a Veteran owned and operated U.S.-based company. Krate produces a wide array of tactical gear, including nylon goods such as pack and plate carriers, medical and trauma kits, steel targets, and a full line of out the front (OTF) knives.

OTF knives are a type of automatic knife that deploys from the center of the front of the blade and are sometimes referred to as switch blades due to the use of a front- or side-mounted switch to engage and disengage the blade. While useful, these knives face legal scrutiny in many states and jurisdictions due to laws written in the 1950s stemming from the wide-scale panic from movies. In recent years, knife laws have begun to recognize these useful tools, and many bans have been overturned.

Light, Durable, and Functional

The Krate Ranger is one of the lightest OTF knives I have had the opportunity to handle, weighing in at about 3.5 ounces. OTF knives tend to be on the heavy side because of their internal mechanics and robust metal frames. Krate does an excellent job combing high-grade aluminum and G10 for the body to keep the weight down while maintaining durability.

The ranger includes a glass breaker on the tail end of the frame that can be used in an emergency to break windows or to increase the effectiveness of blunt force striking. The deep carry pocket clip allows for comfortable and discreet carry in EDC scenarios.
The 3.5-inch blade of the ranger is made from tough D2 tool steel for maximum durability in hard-use scenarios. The Tanto-style grind is ideal for piercing tasks while maintaining reasonable tip strength.

Krate ranger OTF knife with tactical gear

Everything You Need

One of the biggest drawbacks to OTF knives is the sensitivity of the internal mechanics; dust, dirt, and grime can impact the performance of the deployment action. Fortunately, Krate includes a compact disassembly tool in the box, allowing for quick maintenance to keep your OTF running at peak performance when you need it most.

What is the Ranger Good For?

The Ranger makes an excellent EDC knife due to its light weight and easy carry. In emergency and tactical situations, the Ranger’s easy one-handed opening and closing allows the user to deploy the blade quickly and efficiently without effort or occupying a second hand. This is particularly important in a situation where your other hand is otherwise occupied or unusable.

URL: kratetactical.com
MSRP: $160

Undisclosed logo

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Between River and Sky: Recounting a Jungle Expedition

Embers from the fire glowed like the eyes of some ancient animal, watching from the shadows. A few candles guttered in the damp air, their halos of light swaying whenever a breath of wind slipped through the gaps in the canopy. Beyond the circle of light, the jungle was a black wall, the hum of insects and frogs muffled by the stillness of the hour.

Beside me sat Quini, a Matis elder whose numerous piercings gave his face the fierce visage of a jaguar. He leaned forward, elbows on his knees, and spoke in a voice so soft I had to tilt my head toward him. His words moved in a rolling current of vowels and consonants that I didn’t understand, yet the rhythm alone carried a weight that pressed me to listen harder.

Phillip, an indispensable member of our expedition, translated the story in fragments as the interpretation unfolded. Quini was telling his story of first contact — of the day strangers came from beyond the forest. Some arrived with gifts, tools, and goodwill. Others came to take. His people had seen kindness and cruelty from the outsiders, sometimes within the same season, sometimes from the same hands.

Someone in our group asked how they were able to forgive some of the terrible trespasses committed against them. And then Quini spoke the line that has stayed with me since, “We did not judge the many by the evil of a few.”

For me, the words cut through the night like the crack of a branch underfoot. In a world quick to brand entire groups as guilty for the actions of a handful, that kind of grace felt almost revolutionary. I had come here to learn survival skills, but I was starting to realize that the deepest lessons in the jungle weren’t about shelter, fire, or food.

Amazon jungle tribesman

Ticuna tribesman, Alberto, makes living in the jungle look like a walk in the park. His tutelage throughout the expedition was always enlightening. (Photo Credit: Phillip Irizarry)

Journey to the Edge

It was impossible to imagine that moment when I first set out from home.

The floor of Bogotá’s El Dorado International Airport was cold against my back as I tried to stretch out between a wall and my pack. It was just after midnight, and around me, other travelers lay draped across their luggage, arms and shoes tucked under straps as makeshift security. I had a handful of hours to catch a few winks before my connecting flight to Leticia. Sleep came in scraps, broken by the crackle of the PA system and the rolling clatter of carts on tile. Before long, I was up and meeting the rest of my expeditionary group in the security line. We had been cobbled together by Bushcraft Global, an outfitter with the right connections in Amazonia to make this kind of adventure happen.

Peter Magnin, a jungle veteran who has been on over a dozen trips like this, introduces himself to us as our main guide.

By the time I boarded our connecting plane south, the morning light was rising over the horizon. From the window, Bogotá’s sprawl quickly gave way to open land, then to an unbroken carpet of green that stretched in every direction. The rivers below cut through it in wide brown arcs, the sunlight catching the surface like strips of tarnished copper.

Leticia sits where Colombia meets Brazil and Peru, a border city that can’t be reached by road. Disembarking the plane, the air was thick and warm the moment I stepped onto the tarmac. The greenhouse scent of damp earth mingled with the exhaust of motorbikes buzzing through the streets. Our group assembled at the Tanimboca Nature Reserve, a few kilometers outside the city. Here we got to know Goran, owner of the reserve, whose main goal is bridging our world with the one we were about to enter.

The first two days were for acclimation. We stayed in palm-thatched cabins elevated on stilts, the screen walls keeping out most — but not all — of the night’s curious visitors. Spider monkeys chattered from the branches above, their tails swinging like pendulums as they eyed us from a safe distance.

Amazon Jungle tribesman elder

Matis elder, Quini, demonstrates how to set a spring trap large enough to catch a taipan. (Photo Credit: Mike Condict)

We trained in the canopy that first day, climbing a rope to a platform 30 meters above the forest floor. From there, zip lines and rope bridges carried us between trees until we descended again by belay. The air up there was different, less dense, but still hot enough to stifle the lungs with each breath. Every muscle worked harder in the humidity, every drop of sweat refusing to evaporate. That was the point though, to teach our bodies what they’d be working against in the days to come.

That night, we hiked into the forest with a Witoto guide who showed us his “jungle EDC:” a small knife, headlamp, and several small pouches containing mambé, a powdered coca leaf mixture taken to sharpen the mind and, in his tradition, to honor the jungle. In the light of our headlamps, the forest revealed itself in pieces: the jewel-toned body of a tree frog clinging to a leaf, the eerie green glow of a scorpion under ultraviolet light, the jointed legs of a wandering spider disappearing into shadow.

On the second day, we wandered the markets of Leticia, buying machetes and fishing spears. Locals smiled when we tried our limited Spanish, often correcting us gently with a laugh. By evening, the indigenous members who would accompany our group had arrived from upriver: Victor, a representative of the Ticuna tribe; Quini, a Matis tribal elder; Tupa, a gifted Matis craftswoman; and her preteen son Tumi. Under Victor’s guidance, we shared our first rapeh ceremony together, the herbaceous powder burning through my sinuses like a fuse, clearing my head in a rush of light and heat. Quini’s smile afterward told me that joining their customs from the start meant more than I understood at the time.
The next morning, the roads ended. The jungle began.

The Long Walk In

The truck dropped us off at a rough track that ended in tangled undergrowth. We linked up Alberto of the Yucuna tribe who would be graciously hosting all of us on his tribal land. Juaneho Cuéllor, our camp cook for the next eight days, was there as well. Last-minute gear was stowed, packs were shouldered, and we began the three-hour hike into the interior.

It was slightly cooler beneath the triple canopy, but not by much. The heat was the kind that presses down on your shoulders and seeps into your bones. Humidity wrapped itself around me like a wet blanket. My clothes clung to my skin within minutes. The air smelled of leaf litter, loam, and the faint sweetness of something flowering nearby.

Amazon Jungle Tribeswoman and traveler

Talented Matis craftswoman, Tupa, and intrepid traveler Michael Burkus, share a laugh while making pottery from river clay. (Photo Credit: Phillip Irizarry)

The soundscape shifted as we went deeper. What little noise pollution existed this far from Leticia quickly faded, replaced by the rasp of insects and the occasional throaty call of a bird I couldn’t name. Sounds traveled surprisingly far, and our native guides spoke quietly to avoid disturbing the peace. Every so often, the path narrowed to the point where we had to turn sideways, pushing through vines that clung to the fabric of our clothes.

A Yucuna village emerged from the forest where the air smelled of woodsmoke and roasting cassava. Surrounding the village, large gardens were planted in the shade of young trees, the result of slash-and-burn cycles timed to the forest’s rhythm. Alberto pointed out crops tucked beneath the canopy, shielded from the equatorial sun until they were ready to thrive on their own.

By the time we reached the river bend that would be our camp, my legs felt heavy but alive. Hammocks went up between trees, each with its own tarp roof. A tributary snaked past, its surface dimpled by insects, hiding stingrays, caiman and otters beneath.

That first night, under the triple canopy’s darkness, I saw the forest floor glowing. Fallen leaves had been colonized by bioluminescent fungus, each emitting a pale green light. It was like standing above a second night sky, stars scattered at my feet.

Goran

Founder of the Tanimboca Nature Reserve, Goran, was our liaison between city and jungle. None of this would have happened without his expertise.

Learning the Jungle’s Language

Peter showed us how to swing a machete so the blade did the work instead of our shoulders. He made us practice until the motion was clean and efficient. Quini introduced us to the medicinal plant achote, smearing the cool red paste across our faces. It carried the faint scent of fresh earth and stained the skin until the next wash.

Alberto led us upriver to gather materials: black palm for blowgun barrels, palm leaves for weaving, and burro vines for lashings. He found palm heart in the wild, slicing it free with a practiced hand and passing around the tender, coconut-flavored core. Quini found a resin, quick to catch fire, and capable of many other uses.

Back in camp, Tupa taught us to weave baskets from palm fronds. Her hands moved with effortless precision, each strip folding over the next in steady rhythm. She also guided our group through the days-long process of making pottery from mud found near the edge of the river. Alberto mentored the group on how to construct a Yucuna-style blowgun, sew machete sheathes from tree bark, and creating simple-but-effective fishing bows.

Each night, the river called us back, sometimes for bathing, sometimes for fishing. Spear fishing in the dark was nerve-wracking. The riverbank was slick, stingrays could be underfoot, and occasionally the beam of a headlamp would catch the gleam of caiman eyes.
The jungle rewarded patience. Move too fast and you missed everything that mattered.

Amazon Guide

While our group was out exploring the jungle, Juaneho ensured everyone was well fed when we returned to camp. (Photo Credit: Phillip Irizarry)

Ceremonies of Endurance

Rituals came without fanfare, woven into the fabric of each day.
Rapeh was the most frequent, a reminder to clear the mind and align intention before entering the forest. For me, it felt like a mental sharpening stone, stripping away the fog.

Tribeman dressed as demon

Dressed as the “Mariwin,” a forest demon, Quini would be nearly invisible if not for the red clay mask disguising his face.

The Sanaga ceremony, an eye-drop made from another important medicinal plant, came before a hunt. The root tincture burned so intensely I had to clench my jaw, blinking against the tears. In that moment, I was instructed to speak the traits I wanted during the upcoming hunt: the sharp gaze of a hawk, the patience of an anaconda, the ferocity of a jaguar. When the burn eased, the forest looked as if someone had adjusted the contrast, colors richer, shadows deeper.

On our penultimate day, Quini emerged from the tree line transformed, skin blackened with charcoal, red clay mask, ferns tied to his limbs. He was dressed as the “mariwin,” a demon of the forest. In silence, he struck each of us with palm spines until they broke the skin. The sting was immediate, but so was the surge of energy that followed. In their villages, this was performed on a regular basis, for children, elders, everyone. Pain was a teacher, and the lesson here was that the mind could overcome the fear of it.
Some marks were permanent. On one morning, we were given the option of receiving a tattoo, ink made of charred resin, dual palm spines the needle. I chose to accept it, three simple lines, a symbol of acceptance into this close-knit group of travelers.

Not every bond needed a ritual.

In Alberto’s “moloca” — a large palm thatched building for the tribe to gather — a tuxedo cat wound around my legs as I stood in the building’s cool shade. I knelt to scratch its head, and a small Yucuna girl joined me. She said nothing, just smiled, her tiny hand brushing the cat’s fur alongside mine. We didn’t need translation for that moment.

Getting a Matis tattoo was an option that some of us took advantage of. We received the tat on our arms, but the Matis typically have them on their cheeks and foreheads.

Around the fire, conversations ebbed and flowed in interesting directions. A question in Spanish answered in Portuguese, translated into English, then back again into Portuguese or Matis. We laughed as much at the misfires as at the jokes.

One night we ate stingray, its meat tender and salty, like pulled pork from the river. Another day brought grilled grubs, their outer skins crisp, the inside nutty and rich. On our last morning Alberto had harvested a small caiman from the river for breakfast. I learned that in the jungle, trying something new wasn’t only about the experience, it was also a sign of trust.

scorpion in the amazon jungle

Above: Creatures, like this scorpion, that would be next to impossible to see under the illumination of a headlamp, show themselves in stark contrast under a UV light. (Photo Credit: Jamie Boggs)

What the West Gets Wrong

Danger shapes the common Western view of the jungle — snakes that can kill with a single bite, insects that spread disease, predators lurking in the water. Those threats exist, but they’re not the whole truth.
Rather than unmitigated chaos, the jungle is order of a different kind. Every plant, every animal, every sound has a place and a meaning if you’re willing to learn it. The people who thrive there move through it with an awareness that most of us never develop. They don’t rush. They don’t force. They wait for the right moment because they know the wrong one can be fatal.

I learned that lesson firsthand on the riverbank at night, spear in hand. The mud was slick, the water hiding all manner of dangers under the silt. One misplaced step could have meant serious injury. My instinct was to move quickly, to cover more ground, but I forced myself to slow, placing each foot deliberately. When I matched the pace of the locals, I began to see more — the shimmer of fish just under the surface or the wandering spider lurking near the bank.

Peter Magnin with a caught stingray

Our primary guide, Peter Magnin, stands triumphantly over a freshly caught stingray. It made for a tasty dinner!

Even as someone with a background in survival and preparedness, I realized that my training had been built around goals: Find water, build shelter, make fire. Here, the goal was to exist within the environment without breaking its rhythm. That mindset shift is one I’ve carried home, because it applies everywhere. Rushing is rarely the best way forward.

Technology is inexorably changing that relationship. Starlink dishes and cell phones are appearing in villages that once communicated only by runner or river. Younger generations leave for cities, trading the knowledge of their elders for the speed of modern life. These cultures are still here, still vital, but the window to learn from them firsthand is narrowing.

After the Jungle

Leaving the jungle wasn’t a clean break. We packed camp in the morning under a sky heavy with the first real rain of the trip. It fell in steady sheets, drumming on the tarps and splashing into the river. Goran tells us the jungle is sad that we are leaving. Hiking back to the road took half the time of our journey in, our bodies had finally adapted to the heat and humidity. Still, stepping into open ground felt strange after days under the canopy.

The truck that picked us up stopped at a roadside shop where chilled beer waited in sweating cans. It was the first cold drink we had in over a week, and it tasted like victory. Back at Tanimboca, we had lunch and said goodbye to our indigenous guides. Before we went our separate ways, through Phillips’ translation, Quini said, “Because of airplanes, the distance between us isn’t that far. We’ll always be just a few hours away.” It was a bittersweet moment that punctuated just how kindly we had been treated by our hosts over the course of the trip.

jungle tribes people making plant medicine

Villagers assist us as we toast coca leaves to make mambé, a ceremonial mix of herbs used to honor their ancestors and the jungle itself. (Photo Credit: Jamie Dakota aka “Chuii”)

That evening, we went into Leticia to watch the green parrots. Thousands of them fly in from the jungle at dusk every single day at the same time, filling the trees in the central park with a living, chattering canopy. From there, we wandered into the Three Frontiers festival that just happened to be taking place at the time. Street vendors sold grilled meats, fried plantains, and ice cream. Music spilled from every corner.
The next day, we took a boat up the Amazon River to Monkey Island. Along the way, we spotted gray dolphins leaping through the current, and — if I wasn’t mistaken — the rolling pink back of a river dolphin breaking the surface.

On our last night, Goran hosted a farewell feast at the Reserve. Juaneho prepared Colombian barbecue, smoky and rich, while locals performed traditional dances to the beat of exciting music. The air was thick with the smell of food, drinks, and the raucous sounds of new friends sharing their most exciting moments of the trip.

Always Close

Saying our goodbyes was more than a farewell. It was a reminder that closeness isn’t measured in miles, but in shared moments, mutual respect, and the willingness to step into each other’s worlds without judgment.

tribesman and guides

From left to right: Tumi, Tupa, and Quini of the Matis; adventurer and elected expedition interpreter, Phillip Irizarry; Ticuna tribesman and Tanimboca guide, Victor. All of whom helped make this expedition unforgettable. (Photo Credit: Phillip Irizarry)

If you’ve ever dreamed of pushing past the edges of your comfort zone, of learning survival not from books, but from people whose lives are woven into the land itself, you don’t have to imagine it. This journey was made possible by Bushcraft Global and the Tanimboca Nature Reserve, two teams dedicated to connecting people with the wild in ways that are authentic, challenging, and transformative. These organizations not only teach modern adventurers the skills to thrive in extreme environments, but also ensure that the traditions, stories, and techniques of those communities are respected and preserved.
For me, this trip began as a survival adventure and ended as something far deeper.

It quickly became a lesson in humility, patience, and reciprocity. For anyone willing to take the leap, the Amazon is still there, waiting to teach. Some lessons you can’t learn in books, on screens, or in classrooms. Some truths only reveal themselves in the glow of a dying fire, in the soft-spoken language of an elder, deep in a green cathedral that has endless wisdom to share.

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Challenge Facilitates Capability

Our mission at RECOIL OFFGRID is simple to say and hard to fulfill. We pass along knowledge, wisdom, and experience from people who have done the work in real conditions. We do this to help you make better choices when the power fails, when a stranger tests a boundary, when the trail runs longer than planned, or when a storm changes your map. If one lesson in these pages shifts your mindset or your preparation in a way that protects your life or the life of someone you love, we call that success.

To honor that mission, we do more than write about challenge. We go where the learning happens. This year we launched Undisclosed, RECOIL OFFGRID’s first adventure training experience. We invited a small group of VIPs who met strict criteria. They entered a landscape of uncertainty by design. Time pressure forced clear thinking, misdirection probed their assumptions, and physical tasks exposed weak links and revealed strengths. Each graduate left with practical tools and a steadier mind. The gains looked different from person to person, but the common outcome was a commitment to keep training.

We also traveled deep into the Amazon to learn from the people who live there. Our indigenous guides taught with quiet precision. We learned how to move, how to listen, and how to let the jungle teach us. The lesson that stayed with us was humility. Mindset steers everything, and respect opens doors that force cannot. We returned with calloused hands, ruined socks, and pages of notes to share.

This issue gathers those efforts and turns them into something you can apply. You will find our Mission Ready Gear Up column, featuring a set of tools we trust because we tried to break them. A bevy of training is covered from a variety of instructors with diverse backgrounds. Our review of Fixing Your Feet is a guide we used during these experiences to ensure we could remain comfortably in motion.

All of this lives under the same idea. Challenge arrives on its own schedule, but preparation is a choice you make today. You can sign up for a class. You can practice in low light. You can walk in the rain and learn how your kit behaves. You can turn a list of gear into a set of tools you know well. You can learn one skill that closes a gap in your plan. None of this requires a grand moment. It requires intention.

Here is my ask as you read this issue. Pick one thing you can act on this week. Make an honest assessment of your physical capabilities and take steps to improve it. Build a foot care kit and put it where you can reach it. Run a dry practice session with a clear goal. Walk a new route home and note the blind corners. Write down a checklist for your family and tape it inside a cabinet. All of these small moves add up.

Thank you for trusting us with your time. We learn in the field so you can learn at home, on the trail, or at work. If one idea here gives you an edge when it matters, the mission holds. Read, train, share what you learn, and bring someone along. Capability spreads person to person. That is how resilient communities grow. See you out there!

Read More From Issue 70

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Grid Down Comms

In 2025, the simplicity of communication barely registers as a thought. Imagine your ancestors from a century ago learning about the information and communication potential of the phone in your pocket. The idea that global communication could be so effortless would leave them dumbfounded. These capabilities are easy to take for granted — right up until they’re gone.

As long as the cellular infrastructure holds, communication isn’t much of a concern. It remains the easiest and most widely accessible link to the outside world. But anyone who has lived through even a brief outage knows how fast things can go sideways. So, what happens when the usual networks go dark? Few places are safe from natural disasters, and even fewer could avoid the effects of a cyberattack, EMP, or solar flare, all capable of crippling modern communication. A little forethought and planning can make a big difference when the grid goes down.

Importance and Fundamentals

Think about all the ways you communicate in a single day. It’s mind-boggling — family group texts, work emails, social media, even ordering takeout — handled with almost no effort. Now take away your cell phone and landline. Add a disaster to the mix. What’s your plan?

Some basic forms of communication don’t require any technology, whistles, flares, a signaling mirror, or even pen and paper. Low-tech or no-tech methods have clear limitations, but for the sake of this article, let’s move beyond them. Let’s assume you have access to power, even if it’s through alternative sources like solar, wind, a generator, or a battery bank. That opens the door to radio communication.

Anyone familiar with radio comms knows there’s gear to buy, licenses to get, and rules to follow. Radios range from simple line-of-sight walkie-talkies to satellite rigs and everything in between. Generally, the more powerful the system, the more complex the equipment and licensing. That said, it is widely accepted and even stated by the FCC that in a true emergency, the rules no longer apply. If someone’s life or property is in danger, you can use whatever means you have to call for help. Still, it is not always as simple as flipping a switch and getting an immediate response. There are some basics worth knowing and plenty of ways to build comfort and capability before a crisis puts you to the test.

Weather radio for one way comms

Weather radios, like the Midland ER50, provide critical alerts that go beyond weather. All Hazards alerts include Amber alerts, evacuation notices, and other civil emergencies.

Receive Only

Most people are familiar with weather radios. They’ve been a long-standing staple for disaster preparedness and staying aware of changing conditions. While many run on batteries, most also include solar charging or a hand crank, giving you the ability to stay informed when other communication methods stop working.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), through the NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards network, uses seven channels to broadcast continuous updates and alerts. These broadcasts are transmitted through more than 1,000 stations across all 50 states and beyond. Many weather radios include Specific Area Message Encoding, which lets you filter alerts to only those affecting your area. Even if you have other communication tools on hand, a reliable weather radio should still be considered essential.

Two way radio communication devices

Communities often band together and develop a communications plan using GMRS radios to coordinate notifications and needs.

2-Way Comms

The phone in your pocket is an unmatched tool for communication and information, as long as it has power and a signal. Lose either and its usefulness drops fast, especially for staying in touch. (We’ll cover the satellite communication options now appearing on some phones later.) Whether the towers are down, you’re outside of coverage, or the network is overloaded, you’ll need alternatives in your communications plan. If you’re not familiar with radio terminology, here are a few options worth knowing and what they actually mean.

Family Radio Service

  • Cost: $
  • Max Watts: 2
  • Range: 1 to 2 miles
  • License Required: No

The first level of two-way communication radios are Family Radio Service (FRS) radios. They’re simple and inexpensive. If you’re picturing your kid’s Spiderman walkie-talkies, you’re thinking of FRS radios. Some models look more tactical and less like toys, but they operate the same way.

A basic push-to-talk button lets you transmit on any of the 22 available channels. Because they have fixed antennas, FRS radios are short range with no real way to boost their reach. They’re mostly line-of-sight and are commonly used around the house, in neighborhoods, at festivals, or during events where organizers need direct communication.

The available channels give you some flexibility, but they use shared frequencies, which can get crowded if many people are transmitting nearby. One major advantage of FRS radios is that they require no license. They have a role in any communications plan as long as you understand their limitations.

Citizens Band

  • Cost: $$
  • Max Watts: 4 watts
  • Range: 3 to 7 miles
  • License Required: No

If you’re Gen X or familiar with big trucks, you probably know about a popular low-cost, low-power radio: the Citizens Band (CB) radio. CB radios are the Wild West of communication. Rules exist, but they’re rarely followed. Still, they offer a simple, mobile option for short-range comms and are especially appealing to those who want to avoid licensing.

The beauty of a CB is its simplicity — no network, no data, no text messaging, and no subscription. Just pick a channel and push to talk. Aside from the cost of the radio itself, they’re free to use. The downside is limited range. Depending on terrain and antenna setup, you can expect about three to seven miles. CBs are also known for static and crowded frequencies. While some see them as outdated, their proven reliability in short-range scenarios keeps them relevant.

General Mobile Radio Service

Portable

  • Cost: $
  • Max Watts: 5
  • Range: 3 to 5 miles
  • License Required: Yes

Mobile

  • Cost: $$
  • Max Watts: 50
  • Range: 5 to 35 miles
  • License Required: Yes

Overlanders, neighborhood response groups, radio hobbyists, and sometimes event staff or small businesses often rely on General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) radios. While GMRS does require a license, getting one is easy and affordable. There’s no exam, the fee is $35, and the license is good for 10 years. Best of all, it covers your entire family.

GMRS radios are more powerful than FRS, with output up to 50 watts depending on your setup. They can also use repeaters, which significantly extend range. GMRS shares the same 22 channels as FRS, plus eight additional repeater channels. They’re versatile, useful in many situations, and can be surprisingly budget friendly.

It’s worth noting that GMRS is where things start to get a little more involved than just powering on and pressing a button. With more frequencies comes the challenge of finding someone to talk to. From this point forward, it helps to know how your radio works, where to listen, and to have a prearranged plan with others about how and when to make contact.

Mobile Ham Radio

A mobile ham radio can be mounted inside a vehicle and used for short, medium, and long-range communication on the move during a disaster, cyberattack, or other event that cripples common communication methods.

Ham

Portable

  • Cost: $
  • Max Watts: 5
  • Range: 5 miles – global (depending on equipment)
  • License Required: Yes

Mobile

  • Cost: $$
  • Max Watts: 100
  • Range: 50 miles – global (depending on equipment)
  • License Required: Yes

Base Station

  • Cost: $$$
  • Max Watts: 1500
  • Range: Literally outer space
  • License Required: Yes

Some call it a hobby, others call it a lifestyle. Amateur radio, or ham radio, is where range, cost, licensing, and technical skill come together. These radios offer a serious upgrade across the board. Historically, ham radios have earned their reputation as a vital method of communication during large-scale disasters. When traditional infrastructure fails, ham operators have stepped in to transmit and receive crucial information.

Ham radios don’t rely on cell towers or the internet. They operate independently, used by individuals who are licensed through the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). That said, there’s a real learning curve. To pass the required exam, users must understand regulations, operating practices, and some electronics. Once licensed, operators can choose from a wide range of radios and antennas to tailor their setup to specific needs. These systems can use repeaters to send and receive signals across vast distances, sometimes even globally.

In a disaster, a ham radio may be your best shot at contacting someone outside your immediate area. The reach is impressive. Even if you don’t transmit, being able to receive information can make a huge difference in a critical situation. And you’re not alone. Once licensed, you can connect with organized groups that focus on emergency radio support. The Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) is made up of volunteers who provide communications before, during, and after incidents, declared or not. Another option is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES), which can be activated by government officials during a crisis. The key difference is that ARES operates year-round, while RACES is only active during officially declared emergencies.

satellite communications devices

There are several commercially available devices that utilize the Iridium satellite network, which utilizes 66 satellites to offer global coverage for communication, tracking, and SOS purposes.

Satellite Comms

Once reserved for the military or the ultra-wealthy, satellite communication (satcom) has evolved and is now edging into the mainstream. Those who travel off-grid have used satcom for years. With a subscription, companies like Garmin and ZOLEO offer GPS tracking, two-way messaging, and SOS features. Satellite phones are also widely available, though they tend to be expensive and require ongoing subscriptions. More recently, satcom capabilities have reached consumer smartphones. The iPhone 14 and newer, as well as some newer models of Google Pixel and Samsung Galaxy, now include basic satellite communication features.

A common misconception is that satcom systems work independently of ground infrastructure. In reality, most still rely on terrestrial ground stations to route signals to and from satellites. For example, Starlink operates through a growing network of more than 150 ground stations worldwide, with more in development.

Right now, satellite communication is the most geographically flexible option for those without a ham radio license who still need to reach help, update loved ones, or send critical information. These systems don’t rely on internet or cell service, so damaged or overloaded infrastructure won’t shut them down. Still, satcom signals can be disrupted by buildings, dense vegetation, or heavy cloud cover. Cost, subscription fees, and limited two-way functionality have been long-standing drawbacks, but those barriers are shrinking fast.

Mesh Networks

One form of communication that’s growing in popularity is the grassroots-style mesh network. A mesh network operates without cell towers or internet access. Instead, devices — or “nodes” — communicate peer-to-peer, passing messages from one device to another. A single transmission can hop across multiple nodes to reach its destination.

Aside from latency issues and the requirement that devices must be powered on to function as nodes, mesh networks have a lot going for them. They’re decentralized and self-healing, meaning if one node drops out, the message simply reroutes through others. Adding more devices doesn’t bog the system down — it actually extends its reach.

down mobile communication tower

Cellular infrastructure has become so ubiquitous in the United States that we are often stunned when it goes down or becomes overwhelmed. Having alternative means of communicating with friends, family, or emergency personnel is one of the most important preps you can make.

Building Your Comms Plan

A communication plan should be proactive, not reactive. No matter the crisis scenario, your overall preparedness strategy needs to include communication tools beyond just a cell phone and a weather radio. While both are valuable, your toolkit should be broader and more adaptable.

One widely used method for building a solid communication plan comes from the military: the PACE model. PACE stands for Primary, Alternate, Contingency, and Emergency. If you’re unsure where to begin, use this as your framework. Within your own plan, determine what fits into each category and build from there.

Establish Goals

  1. Obtain equipment to receive emergency alerts, weather updates, and have a backup power supply.
  2. Determine ways to communicate with family, friends, neighbors, or emergency assistance.
  3. Establish a plan and coordinate that plan with those you intend to communicate — locally, regionally, and nationally.
  4. Practice that plan multiple times prior to a disaster to identify deficiencies.
    Disaster Comms Plan
  5. Collect names, phone numbers, and addresses of family members, important friends, and critical facilities such as schools, medical offices/centers, etc. Laminate your contact list.
  6. Begin adding communication layers. Purchase a NOAA weather radio, preferably one with a hand crank for an unlimited power supply.
  7. FRS radios can be sold individually or in multi-packs. They are inexpensive and not difficult to find. Establish a cache of FRS radios (minimum of two) for short-range communication abilities.
  8. Obtain a GMRS license and purchase radios (minimum of two). The more wattage and better the antenna, the further your reach. Learn your equipment and its limitations before the crisis.
  9. A ham radio license may be beyond the comfort level of some. If it is in your plan, numerous groups would be more than happy to help you obtain a license and welcome you into the amateur radio fold. You will need to spend a fair amount of time gaining comfort and proficiency as a ham radio operator, so join a local club and practice.
  10. Add a satcom option. Determine if your cell phone has satellite capabilities. If it does, learn them. If not, an upgrade may be in order or evaluate commercially available options such as the Garmin inReach.
  11. If the mesh network piqued your interest, research the equipment and network availability in your area. For some, there aren’t enough devices on the network for it to be practical; for others, it could be a valuable resource.
  12. Ensure you have alternative power sources for your communication options. Spare batteries, solar, and a hand-crank generator all make good options for power. Understand what best suits your needs and have those sources in place.
  13. Establish a protocol for which radios to use and the procedure. For example, if your family is separated within the neighborhood, use FRS radios and attempt to call every 10 minutes using the family code word. If a local emergency happens, use the GMRS radios and coordinate a nightly check-in with neighbors to ensure safety and determine needs.
  14. Document a communication plan for you and your family. This should include your established protocol, frequencies in which to locate each other, and a printed and laminated list of the plan and your contacts near your radios. Remember to practice often.
man holding a candle in the dark

During the midst of a comms-down scenario is not the time to be coming up with a plan. Figure out what you’ll do when times are good, and you’ll have peace of mind when times get bad.

Licensure & Privacy

Both GMRS and ham radio licenses are issued by the FCC. If privacy is a priority to you, consider using a P.O. box when registering. Call signs are issued and required when communicating. All call signs are published and searchable on the FCC website, which means anyone who hears your call sign can discover your address.

Summary

We’re all tied to a fragile system of devices, towers, and frequencies. When the grid goes down — whether from a natural disaster, man-made event, or cyberattack — the ability to call for help or connect with those nearby can change the outcome. Fortunately, modern technology allows for contingencies. Understanding your options and the equipment involved takes a proactive mindset and a willingness to invest some time. The payoff is simple: staying connected when it matters most.

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Reading the Human Terrain

Imagine walking into a coffee shop, scanning the room, and instantly understanding who is engaged, who is uncomfortable, and who might be paying a little too much attention to you. This isn’t about mind-reading or gathering some sort of “energy.” It’s about recognizing the signals people give off and using that information to navigate the world more effectively.

Many people think of reading others as something reserved for law enforcement, security professionals, or criminal profilers. The reality is that anyone can develop this skill, and it has practical applications in everything from personal safety, business negotiations, and on to the simpler things in life like family relationships. The key is learning to observe and interpret behavioral cues in a way that helps you anticipate what’s coming next.

This ability doesn’t just keep you out of trouble. It can also help you recognize opportunities, build better relationships, and move through life with greater confidence.

open handed gesture

Open-handed conversations can occur in virtual meetings as well.

Proxemics: Understanding Group Interactions

Proxemics is the study of how people use space and distance in relation to others. While it might sound abstract, proxemics is one of the most practical and observable tools you can use in public settings to read intent, dominance, or discomfort. This domain helps you assess relationships, social roles, and potential conflicts just by paying attention to how people position themselves and interact spatially. The following are several of what I think of as “low-hanging fruit” when it comes to this study. I have used these numerous times to determine who the “decision maker” is when it comes to business negotiations as well as recognizing when my wife and I are out of sync.

man sitting cross legged

Covering of the head, crossed legs, and arms in front of torso likely indicates someone wishing to be closed off.

Push-&-Pull Movements

Push-and-pull movements are spatial indicators of comfort, trust, or disagreement. For example, when two people are engaged in conversation and face each other directly, they are likely in agreement. When one person begins to turn away or angle their body slightly to the side, they are “pushing” themselves out of the interaction. That physical withdrawal may indicate discomfort or disagreement. A pull, by contrast, might be seen when one person leans in, angles toward the other, or shortens the physical distance. This signals openness or trust.

man with hands on neck

Hands on the back of the neck can be an indicator of stress.

These signals happen naturally, and the average person notices them subconsciously. By bringing them into conscious awareness, you can make better decisions about how to respond to people in real time. This is one of the easiest to recall as well because there is such an obvious physical reaction to this. I just remember that the more someone’s back is toward me rather than their front, the more they are disconnected.

author with open hands

Open-hand conversation is one where the person is inviting you.

Identifying Leaders & Followers

Within a group, the leader is not always the loudest or the one who has formal authority. Often, they’re the person others look toward before speaking or acting. In group dynamics, people will often physically orient themselves with feet, torso, or even just a glance toward the person they subconsciously defer to.
The leader may also use a tactic called “once removed” communication, giving orders only to a lieutenant or second-in-command, who then relays the message. This distancing elevates the leader’s social status within the group. Recognizing this can help you spot high value individuals (HVI) in security scenarios or decision-makers in business settings. For those reading who want to use this as a launching point for solid business negotiations with unknown parties, this is a critical observation to make. The decision maker is key, and you should focus your attention on working with them whenever possible. Or at least reading them to know when they are pleased or not. This may be obvious, but this is an excellent battlefield observation to make. Knowing who the leader is lets you know who the “head of the snake” is for battlefield tactics.

man adjusting clothing

Upon sitting or standing, concealed carriers will often adjust their firearm.

Entourage, Mimicry & Adoration

Entourage is a formation in which one or more people follow another in a beta position. In these groupings, subordinates often show physical signs of deference. They may glance at the leader for approval, mimic their body posture, or show signs of adoration such as opening doors, standing when the leader enters, or bowing their head slightly during greetings.

Mimicry is a powerful sign of engagement. If a person crosses their legs and leans forward, and the other does the same shortly after, that is a sign of rapport. If one leans back and the other remains leaning forward, that could suggest disagreement or unease. Watch this play out at dinner tables, business meetings, or any casual social setting. The physical harmony or discord between people often mirrors their emotional states. Many years ago, when I first started into the practice of behavior analysis, I would do this sort of practice at restaurants regularly. It is a great way to people watch and see these things at play from one end of the spectrum to the other.

man exiting building

Scanning the environment especially at funnel spots, like common doors, is a sign of someone who is keyed into the awareness.

Cultural Considerations

Cultural norms affect proxemic cues. In North America, social distance tends to be greater than in places like the Middle East or Latin America. Knowing this can help you avoid misreading closeness as a sign of aggression or distance as a sign of disinterest.

In international contexts, be aware that certain gestures, like showing the bottom of your foot, can be deeply offensive. For many years I taught traditional martial arts and combatives. I will never forget training with an incredibly high-level Japanese instructor. I sat on the training mat with my legs outstretched and the bottom of my feet showing. A training partner, and good friend, quickly corrected me to tell me that it was rude in that setting. I should not have the bottom of my feet toward the instructor in that manner.

couple talking

When one person in a conversation is not facing their partner directly it could, but not always, mean that they have mentally checked out of the convo.

Kinesics: What the Body Reveals

Kinesics refers to body language, facial expressions, posture, and gestures. This domain is rich in detail and layered with meaning, especially when observed over time or within familiar contexts. Often you will hear this referred to as “tells.”

Self-Soothing & Defensive Behavior

Self-soothing gestures are small, often unconscious movements that indicate a person is trying to calm themselves. Common examples include rubbing the neck, scratching the head, wringing hands, or covering parts of the face. These can indicate stress, confusion, nervousness, or even deception. However, context matters. Someone might be rubbing their neck because of a cramp, not because they’re lying. That’s why it’s important to observe patterns rather than isolated actions. A single gesture means little on its own. But several signs stacked together can paint a clearer picture.

I, personally, will often rub my beard from mustache down to chin when I am uncomfortable or in deep thought. Understanding this has helped me when I am in negotiations or do not want others to know I am uncomfortable. I give serious and focused conscious thought to not doing that, so as not to give my mindset away. I hope it is obvious, but I am discussing these things as it relates to assessing others, but that goes the other way too. People will be assessing you. So, it is best to assess ourselves and fix the issues that we recognize are problematic.

man reading magazine

Don’t allow yourself to get focus locked on a book, phone or task while in public areas. Even if the magazine is a great one.

Eye Behavior & Blink Rate

Eye contact is often misunderstood. While prolonged eye contact can suggest confidence, it can also be an attempt to project control or dominance. Conversely, a lack of eye contact may not be dishonesty, it may be cultural or a sign of shyness.

One of the most objective cues is blink rate. Research shows that the blink rate increases under stress. If someone normally blinks 10 times per minute and suddenly increases to 40, something has changed. That shift could be anger, anxiety, or even an effort to maintain composure while lying. Establish a baseline whenever possible, then look for deviations. It is critical that you understand this is a baseline versus an anomaly sort of situation. There is no way to say what the average blink rate is for humans. We all have a blink rate that works for us. We must gather the baseline first, then recognize the change.

man in heavy jacket

Wearing a heavy or long jacket when the temperature does not match the needs is an anomaly worth considering.

Toe & Hand Direction

Feet are honest. Unlike facial expressions, which we learn to control socially, the direction of our toes is involuntary. If someone’s feet are pointed toward the exit, even if they’re smiling and chatting with you, they’re mentally on their way out. Hands are another useful indicator. Open palms usually indicate honesty and a willingness to engage. Hands in pockets or hidden behind the back can suggest concealment, physical or emotional. If someone shows you their palms mid-sentence, especially with fingers splayed, they may be signaling you to stop, even if their words don’t say it directly.

two people talking

Mimicry is when people in conversation get in the same body positions. This typically means they are in agreement during the discussion.

Biometrics: The Body Cannot Lie

Biometrics refers to involuntary physiological reactions. These include blushing, pupil dilation, facial tension, and other signs driven by the autonomic nervous system. Because people cannot easily control them, biometric cues are often the most reliable indicators of true emotional state.
Stress & Hormonal Cues

When a person is embarrassed or under stress, adrenaline causes blood vessels to dilate, especially in the face, neck, and ears. This results in blushing. Flushing, which covers a larger area, may come from anger, arousal, or even alcohol.

Conversely, stress can also cause the body to pull blood away from the face, leading to paleness. This is another sign of the body preparing for fight or flight.

Nostrils flaring and bottom teeth showing are instinctual signs of agitation. These cues often precede aggressive action and should prompt you to raise your awareness. This all occurs because a person is trying to get more oxygen into their bloodstream preparing for a physical confrontation. Most of our interactions that involve this are those that end up in disagreement and don’t get physical. The beauty of this is — and I use this regularly — when you recognize this happening, you can begin moving out of position and/or using “verbal judo” to calm a possible heated situation before it gets physical.


man with hand in pockets

Hands in pockets is a sign of closing in or possible deception. Always watch hands.

Pupil Dilation & Heat Signatures

Pupil dilation can be caused by low light, drug use, or emotional arousal. Sudden dilation in normal lighting might indicate attraction, fear, or rising tension. So, if you are having that convo at a bar trying to engage a date, that is a good thing. But if you find out that date already has a boyfriend, and he is doing this, it’s a problem. This spectrum of understanding is critical to putting this to good use.

Changes in body temperature can also be detected. If you’re physically close to someone, you may feel heat radiating off them during an adrenaline surge. From a distance, thermal optics can help identify elevated body heat, which is useful in tracking fugitives or locating someone hiding in a crowd. I have used this in leading man-tracking teams that have thermal optics. You leave your heat signature behind on the environment. It is rather wild to see how much heat you leave behind on the ground, touching a rock or tree, or similar. While all that technology is incredibly useful, most of us do not have it. But that does not mean we can’t see the increase in heat on a person. You can sense it, see it when a person begins to sweat.

man with hat pulled down

Having a hat pulled down and avoiding eye contact could mean deception or simply someone who is shy. Behavior analysis is definitely not an exact science in most situations.


Sweating & Subtle Trauma

Sweating is a key stress indicator. If someone appears clammy or you notice sweat stains in inappropriate conditions, it may be a sign they are nervous, ill, or under emotional strain.
Other biometric signs like bloodshot eyes, bruises, or nystagmus may indicate substance use, fatigue, or physical trauma. In tactical scenarios, be alert for pressure marks on shoulders or around the eyes; these could indicate concealed weapons, recent recoil, or gear straps. This sort of read helps to understand who is “packing” around you, so you can prepare accordingly.

man pointing in a conversation

Pointing during a conversation is often meant to talk down to a person. Avoid such practice unless it is absolutely necessary.

Vision & Perception: Knowing How You See

Being a good observer means understanding the mechanics of human vision. The eye is not a camera. It is a biological sensor full of limitations and bias.

Central & Peripheral Vision

The fovea, located in the center of the eye, is responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Everything outside that small central area falls under peripheral vision. While peripheral vision lacks detail, it is more sensitive to motion, especially biological motion. You might not clearly see someone walking behind a car, but your brain is tuned to notice the movement. When you’re purposely observing a person or situation, then make sure you turn your head and eyes to what you are looking at straight on. You will gather more information in that manner.

Peripheral vision is especially useful for spotting threats, but it is limited. Under stress, it narrows. This tunnel vision can make you miss critical information. Counter this by regularly scanning your environment and using deliberate head movement. This is also something that gives me a quick self-check. When I recognize my vision has narrowed, it begins the checklist toward letting me know I am overstressed and need to either step back and get a grip, or otherwise get over it with focus, breathing, or other things I have trained to calm myself.

Day, Night & Twilight Vision

Cone cells handle daytime (photopic) vision and are sensitive to color and detail. Rod cells, which support nighttime (scotopic) vision, are more sensitive to motion and light but not color. The Purkinje Shift causes reds to appear darker and blues to appear lighter in dim lighting. That is why it is easier to see blue objects at night than red ones. Twilight (mesopic) vision engages both rods and cones. During this time, depth and color perception can become unreliable. This is often the most vulnerable time for misreading your environment.

Instead of me just using a bunch of technical big words let’s make this more practical for all of us. The worst time of the day for clear vision is dawn or dusk. That is because our rods and cones are switching back and forth rapidly to deal with the increase and decrease of light due to shadows. When this occurs, our vision is poor. When I used to teach combatives, I was fond of telling runners to not run at those times, as it is hard to see threats. In addition to this, when it gets dark it takes a full 20 to 30 minutes for your eyes to completely adjust. Therefore, when you have the time, allow your eyes to adjust before you move around in the dark.

man sitting with hands crossed

When talking, keeping your hands in front of your torso often indicates that your uncomfortable and protecting yourself.

The Rule of Three: Left of Bang Thinking

One of the most powerful tools in behavioral recognition is the Rule of Three. One anomaly may be coincidence. Two may be curiosity. Three should trigger action. Consider it in an equation: Baseline + Anomaly = Decision Making. But when you have three anomalies, it means you must prepare for action.

• A man enters wearing a hoodie.
• He paces and scans the store but doesn’t shop.
• He adjusts something in his waistband.

That third cue is your green light to prepare for action or remove yourself from the area.
Cognitive Blind Spots

Even skilled observers are vulnerable to blind spots. These include:

• Change Blindness: The brain can ignore obvious changes in the environment when distracted. Combat this by scanning deliberately and pausing to reassess regularly.
• Focus Lock: Fixating on a single threat, person, or thing (your phone) can cause you to miss the bigger picture. Force yourself to shift your gaze and reevaluate surroundings.
• Assumptions and Bias: If you assume the person in a suit is safe and the person in a hoodie is dangerous, you may miss the real threat. Let behavior dictate your evaluation not stereotypes.

Ethics of Observation

Reading people comes with responsibility. Using this skill to protect yourself or de-escalate a tense situation is ethical. Using it to manipulate, deceive, or exploit others is not. When in doubt, ask yourself: Am I helping someone be safer or just trying to gain an advantage?

Final Thoughts

Reading people is not about paranoia. It is about awareness. It is about noticing small, reliable cues and layering them into a fuller picture. Anyone can do it. With practice, it becomes second nature.
Start today. Observe group dynamics in a restaurant. Watch how people move in line at the store. Take note of blink rates, body posture, and spatial positioning. Over time, your awareness will sharpen, your instincts will refine, and you will be more prepared for both everyday life and high-risk moments.

About The Author

Craig Caudill is the director of Nature Reliance School, where he teaches outdoor safety, survival, and tracking skills to individuals and organizations. An accomplished author of several books on backcountry skills, Caudill is also a sought-after consultant for national television and media, including shows like Naked and Afraid and America’s Most Wanted. With decades of experience in wilderness education and situational awareness, Caudill combines practical expertise with a passion for helping others develop resilience and self-reliance. Learn more at www.naturereliance.org.

Read More From Issue 69

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid’s free newsletter today!

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Radio Direction Finding

Electronics of all sorts are a fixture on the modern battlefield, just as they are in everyday life. While they can provide critical capabilities, such as communications and information gathering to combatants and civilians alike, abuse or misuse of your systems can also give away your position to those you may or may not want to have it. Conversely, should you find yourself in the position of a pursing force, whether to find and fix a hostile group, or locate someone’s emergency beacon in the wilderness, knowing how to home in on radio signals could prove crucial to the success of your mission and even save lives.

The technique of tracking down radio signals, generally known as radio direction finding (RDF) or simply direction finding (DF), can be done with surprisingly low-tech and cost-effective tools, or with highly complex and purpose-built systems that come with a much higher price tag. It’s important to note that it doesn’t matter if the transmission is encrypted or unencrypted — RDF focuses only on the presence of a signal, not its content.

In this article, I’ll briefly cover commercially available DF systems, but the main focus will be on the core skills needed to conduct manual RDF. I’ll also outline tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for mitigating RDF threats from hostile elements.


Radio Antenna

A commercially available fox hunt antenna helps you focus in on the direction of the weakest, rather than the strongest, signal strength, and is commonly used by ham radio operators to look for radio beacons in contests.

The Basics

At its core, RDF is a signals intelligence (SIGINT) tactic for identifying the physical source of a transmission once it has been detected. While this may sound complicated, it can be accomplished easily with basic equipment and skills in land navigation and communications.

The first step is recognizing that a transmission is taking place. This can be done through signal collection from a listening post or observation post, or through foreknowledge that a transmission is scheduled — such as when tracking a pirate radio station that broadcasts on a fixed timetable or known routine.
The second step is to fix the transmission’s location in space. This can be done in a few ways. One method uses multiple direction-finding stations (either fixed, mobile, or man-portable) to receive the signal and plot relative bearings. These bearings can then be used to calculate an intersection point. Another method involves using one or more mobile or man-portable DF stations to actively track the transmitting source. These stations adjust course as needed, homing in on the origin of the signal until the source is identified or visually confirmed.

When using a single, mobile DF station, success rates are much higher when tracking a continuous transmission source — such as an emergency beacon — compared to tracking an ephemeral source that is intermittent, brief, or transmits at irregular intervals.

larger radio antenna setup

The Kraken SDR requires a set of precisely laid-out antennae to enable it to automatically pick up a signal and calculate a bearing to a signal. Here, the array is mounted to the top of a pickup truck cab.

Equipment

RDF equipment ranges from simple, cost-effective, and field-expedient tools that are highly manual but accessible on a budget, to purpose-built commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) systems and specialized gear developed for military and law enforcement use. For the prepared citizen, I’ll briefly touch on some commercial options, but the focus will be on manual and field-expedient techniques that can be learned and applied with minimal investment.

RDF Tool

The RF Analyzer app, coupled with an RTL-SDR and a Yagi antenna can be used as a cost-effective, field-expedient platform for manual RDF. Here, we see we’re directly picking up on the target frequency at the highest relative signal strength.

COTS Solutions

If your budget allows, a purpose-built COTS direction finder might be the right choice. These systems use arrays of antennas — or sometimes a single rotating antenna — along with advanced mathematical methods such as Doppler, Watson-Watt, or correlative interferometry to determine the bearing to a signal source with a high degree of accuracy.

One such product available to the average citizen is the MFJ-5005, which is a Doppler-based system. At its heart, the MFJ-5005 is an OEM version of the KN2C DF2020T but Global TSCM Group, as their name indicates, provides a wide variety of technical surveillance countermeasure devices.

Without the antennas, the unit itself runs about $600 depending on the source. Direct from MFJ, you’re looking at $649, while Ham Radio Outlet lists it at $580 as of this writing. That may or may not sound like a lot, but keep in mind that by the time you’ve fully built out a station, you’ll be looking at around $1,000. And for best results, you’ll need at least two stations. That price point may be cost-prohibitive for many individuals or mutual assistance groups.

There are also SDR-based systems available. The KrakenSDR, when paired with open-source software like DF-aggregator, is designed to offer a cost-effective automated RDF solution. Complete with antennas, it can typically be had for around $600. However, as of this writing, the system is on backorder through all available outlets, making it a challenge to acquire despite its promising capabilities.

RDF map

After marking the location of a team, select the point to draw a bearing line.

Manual Solutions

Due to the cost and limited availability of automated solutions, every prepared citizen should have the ability to conduct radio direction finding operations manually. To do this effectively, you’ll need a few basic tools. The following list outlines the essential equipment to get started:

• A radio receiver capable of receiving the type of signal you want to track
• A directional, high-gain antenna
• Land navigational tools and skills
• The ability to communicate between two or more teams

The radio receiver doesn’t need to be overly complicated. At a minimum, you’re looking for a handheld transceiver (HT) capable of receiving on the bands you plan to track. Ideally, the radio should include a relative signal strength indicator to help gauge direction. For those wanting a more advanced option, devices like a HackRF with a PortaPack or a TinySA make excellent choices. These tools offer visual displays of received signals, which can greatly improve your ability to identify and follow transmissions.
The best type of antenna for radio direction finding is the “Yagi” style. These can be purchased commercially at reasonable prices or built at home. The internet is full of tutorials for making Yagis using materials like PVC pipe and metal measuring tape, if you’re inclined to DIY. Another solid option is the “fox hunt loop” antenna, which can also be constructed quickly with minimal tools and materials, making it great for field-expedient setups.

Whether you choose a Yagi or a loop antenna, it’s important to know the beam width in degrees. The farther you are from the transmitting station, the wider the area your bearing will cover. Understanding your antenna’s beam width helps narrow the search area and improve accuracy.

For land navigation equipment, you’ll need at minimum a compass and a way to identify your current position — either a map, a GPS, or both, depending on your role. Maps should be as current as possible and include magnetic declination information. Your compass (my personal favorite is the Suunto MC-2) should be adjusted to reflect that offset for your Area of Operations, or as close as possible. I rely on the Garmin Instinct Solar 2 Tactical smartwatch, which includes a GPS receiver, so I always have positional awareness, even when I’m not carrying a separate GPS unit.

Next, you’ll need communications gear and the skills to use it. This means having a radio separate from the one you’re using for direction finding, or another method for staying in contact with other elements on your team. At minimum, you’ll have one other station, but in some cases, there may be three or more.
More sophisticated groups using tools like ATAK and mesh networking may combine mapping, location, and communication capabilities into one system. Other options for building a common operating picture include software like CalTopo. However, it’s important to remember that in some scenarios, these tools may be unavailable. Always keep paper maps as a reliable backup in case digital systems fail.

RDF map tool

Put in the details of the bearing and label it for future reference, especially if you’re on an active, maneuvering hunt.

Manual Direction Finding

Once you have the equipment, you need to know the skills. So, how does manual RDF work and what are the steps? To illustrate it, I’ll use the following scenario:

You’re part of a group with three separate elements operating together: two patrol units and one command unit. The command unit is in a fixed or semi-fixed position, possibly vehicle-mobile. From their location, they’re running a signals collection system using SDR receivers and a laptop. A digital common operating picture is not available, so CalTopo Desktop is being used locally at the command post. Each patrol unit has been issued paper maps generated from CalTopo to ensure navigation and coordination can continue without digital support in the field.

Command’s SIGINT station intercepts a transmission from an opposition force communicating with their own command element. You and your sister patrol element are alerted and instructed to take bearings from your respective positions to locate the transmitting station, which is broadcasting on a frequency of 147.250 MHz.

While one member of your team confirms your location using a GPS, you attach your Yagi antenna to an HT and tune to 147.250 MHz. With the antenna extended, you slowly rotate until you receive the strongest signal, focusing on maximum signal strength. You then identify a terrain feature in line with the antenna and use your compass to shoot a bearing. Your unit’s RTO reports both your position and the bearing to Command. Meanwhile, the other patrol element follows the same procedure from their location to help triangulate the signal source.

Command, now in possession of both patrols’ positions and their relative bearings to the signal source, can plot the intersection points. Is this the exact location of the transmitter? Maybe not. Remember beam width — a 20-degree beam may seem narrow at close range, but it widens significantly over distance. The result is a zone of probability, not a pinpoint. Gathering more readings from different positions improves accuracy and narrows the search area.

Once you have a reasonable idea of where the opposition is, command can direct the nearest team into the area to fix and finish the opposition.

RDF Map Tool

Find the intersection of the bearing lines to start to get a general idea of where the source of the radio signal is.

Points of Failure

Before we get into TTPs for mitigating RDF being used against you, it’s important to cover a few environmental factors that can interfere with your ability to accurately direction find a transmitting station. First, there are basic radio propagation concerns. Not all DF stations may be able to receive the transmission at all, which makes fixing a position much more difficult. Propagation can be influenced by several variables, including temperature, terrain, and the amount of vegetation in the area — especially when working with VHF and UHF signals, which are more easily blocked or absorbed.

Second, and more common in urban or suburban environments, is signal reflection causing multi-path transmission. In these cases, DF stations may not be receiving the direct signal from the actual source but instead picking up a reflected signal. This can create a false bearing, as the radio waves bounce off buildings or other structures.

RDF map tool

Knowing the beam width of the antenna, we can use sectors to give a better understanding of where the source of the radio signal could be.

Practicing RDF

Increasing your chances of success in any endeavor comes down to training for it. One effective method is participating in, or hosting, a fox hunt. Radio fox hunting, also known as radio orienteering, is a recreational event popular among amateur radio operators. The setup is similar to a land navigation course, but instead of navigating by terrain alone, participants must locate a series of waypoints by homing in on low-power radio beacons. It’s a fun and practical way to sharpen your manual RDF skills under realistic conditions.

Many of these events are open to the public and can be found listed on websites such as homingin.com. They’re a great way to practice the skills needed for manual radio direction finding. If you’re part of a mutual assistance or civil defense group, it’s also a good idea to run scenario-based exercises together. Integrating RDF TTPs into your group’s regular training helps ensure that everyone knows how to work as a team and effectively use all available resources when it matters most.

RDF map tool

Using bearings to shoot a center line down the arc of the sector can help us narrow down the likely location inside the more general search area.

COMSEC: Defense Against the Dark Arts

In the preparedness community today, it’s become trendy to claim that using unencrypted civilian radios like a Baofeng will get you “killed in the streets” or targeted by an airstrike if SHTF. The usual solution offered? An expensive, digital, encrypted radio. But want to know a secret? If you abuse or misuse those tools, they’ll get you killed in the streets too, just with a higher price tag. At least you’ll have looked good on Instagram before things went sideways. Gear matters, but discipline, training, and smart use matter a whole lot more.

RDF is simply a form of traffic analysis, which means that even encrypted communications are not inherently secure. Encryption protects content, not presence. However, by applying proper radio field craft, you can significantly improve your communications security (COMSEC) and reduce the risk of detection or interception.

Avoid Detection

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. If your transmission isn’t detected in the first place, no one knows to come looking for you. You can reduce the chance of detection in several ways.
Start by limiting your transmission power. Use only as much output as needed to complete the communication. For example, full-power VHF transmissions with full-size antennas are a poor choice for tactical comms between squad members. Instead, use low-power settings and stubby antennas to reduce signal range. This is especially effective in dense vegetation, where propagation is already naturally limited.

Selecting frequency bands based on their propagation weaknesses can also work in your favor. For example, VHF tends to refract more in urban environments, making it harder to pinpoint, while UHF is more easily absorbed in rural terrain and dense vegetation, limiting its range.
When communicating over longer distances, such as back to a fixed base, use directional antennas. This requires solid land navigation skills, similar to RDF, but the narrower beam reduces the chance of interception. It also allows you to use less power to complete the transmission effectively.

If you have a general idea of where potential adversaries might be located, you can use key terrain features to your advantage. Vegetation, hills, and other natural barriers can help block or weaken line-of-sight transmissions, making it harder for others to receive your signal or determine your position. Tools like the Viewshed Analysis feature in CalTopo are excellent for planning this ahead of time and identifying terrain that can help shield your communications from unwanted direction-finding efforts.

Be Nimble

While avoiding detection is ideal, it’s not always practical. You may find yourself operating “behind the lines” during a civil disorder scenario, or up against an opponent with multiple fixed or mobile automated RDF systems. In these situations, time becomes your most critical asset. Staying on the move is key.
Keep transmissions short and direct. Don’t linger on the air. Using pre-established code sheets for complex but commonly repeated messages can save valuable time. This applies even if you’re using encrypted radios, because the goal here isn’t just secrecy — it’s minimizing how long your signal is exposed to detection.

If you can communicate asymmetrically, even better. Digital modes like JS8Call allow you to transmit a text message that can be received and read later, giving you the advantage of minimizing transmission time. While often associated with HF radio, JS8Call can also be used on VHF and UHF bands with the right setup.

Once you’ve made your transmission, don’t stick around. Move away from your transmission point as quickly and quietly as possible to avoid detection and reduce the risk of being triangulated.

Be Pseudorandom

Even if you do everything else right, using a fixed check-in schedule increases the risk of being found. A consistent pattern gives your opposition a window to listen in, track, and eventually fix your position.
Instead, use a check-in schedule that appears random to outsiders but follows a predictable pattern known only to your team. This adds a layer of unpredictability that helps keep you off the radar. Alternating both frequencies and times further reduces the likelihood of someone identifying you or locking onto your transmissions. Randomness, when done with intent, becomes a powerful form of security.

home made antenna

A homemade Yagi antenna can be created quickly and inexpensively. Paired with a TinySA, it becomes a good manual RDF platform without having to rely on a traditional receiver.

What About Technical Countermeasures?

When it comes to technical countermeasures, the most effective is frequency hopping. This technique uses two or more radios synced to the same clock and set to follow a shared schedule, automatically cycling through frequencies during transmission. To the operators, communication appears uninterrupted. But to anyone trying to listen in, they’ll only catch a fraction of a second on each frequency before the signal jumps. By randomly cycling through channels, the chance of a successful intercept or direction finding attempt is significantly reduced. It’s a highly effective method for staying one step ahead.
While technologies like Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) are common in military radios, they’re far less prevalent in the commercial and amateur radio world, though a few products exist. Unfortunately, no FCC-approved amateur radios currently support FHSS or Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum. Some commercial radios, like the Motorola DTR700, do offer these features, but they come with their own limitations and compatibility challenges.
The next major technical countermeasure is the use of Near-Vertical Incident Skywave (NVIS) setups with HF. While it is technically possible for national-level intelligence agencies like the NSA or DIA to conduct RDF against NVIS transmissions, doing so requires a level of sophistication and infrastructure far beyond the reach of most non-state actors. This makes NVIS a solid choice for secure regional communication, though it does require more planning, gear, and setup than VHF or UHF systems.

Conclusion

With simple tools and consistent practice, anyone can learn to conduct radio direction finding operations. While those with greater resources may opt for purpose-built, automated RDF systems, even individuals with modest means can get the job done using basic gear like directional antennas, paper maps, and a reliable compass. Skill matters more than the price tag.
Becoming proficient with your tools, along with the techniques, tactics, and procedures, takes time and consistent effort. Events like radio orienteering or fox hunting can help you build those skills more quickly in a controlled setting. Incorporating cat-and-mouse scenarios into your group training will strengthen your MAG’s ability to locate and fix transmitting stations. Just as important, it will help you develop the skills needed to protect your own communications against those trying to do the same to you.

Read More From Issue 69

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Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Calling 911

What do you do when you come across a medical emergency? If you’re like most bystanders, you watch and wait until someone else takes action. But for the few who step in, their response can mean the difference between life and death. On average, it takes first responders about seven minutes to arrive and begin care. In a high-traffic area, that wait could stretch longer. In remote areas with limited EMS coverage, you could be looking at 30 minutes or more before help arrives. That means you may be the only line of support during that critical window.

According to the American Heart Association, for every minute CPR is delayed, the chances of surviving a cardiac arrest drop by 10 percent. In this article, we’ll cover when to call 911, how to speak with the dispatcher, and what to expect when first responders arrive.

OPQRST Pain Assessment Mnemonic

  • O Onset: When did the pain start? Sudden or gradual?
  • P Provocation/Palliation: What makes it worse or better?
  • Q Quality:What does the pain feel like — sharp, dull, stabbing, throbbing?
  • R Radiation: Does the pain move or stay in one place?
  • S Severity: On a scale of 1 to 10, how bad is it?
  • T Time: How long has it been going on? Has it changed?

SAMPLE History Medical Assessment Mnemonic

S Signs/Symptoms: What can you see, and what is the patient feeling? A good place to use OPQRST for pain.
A Allergies: To medications, foods, insects, or environmental factors?
M Medications: What are they taking: prescription, over the counter, supplements?
P Past Medical History: Any chronic conditions, recent surgeries, or major diagnoses?
L Last Oral Intake: When and what did they last eat or drink?
E Events Leading Up to the Injury or Illness: What was happening before the problem started?

911 OPERATOR

Calling 911

What should you expect when calling 911? The dispatcher will ask for the nature of the emergency and the exact location, so take a moment to identify street signs or nearby landmarks before placing the call. They may also ask for your name and phone number in case the call is disconnected.

Stay on the line until the dispatcher says it’s OK to hang up. In most cases, they’ll stay with you until first responders arrive. If you’re assisting an injured person or handling a medical emergency, it’s fine to switch your phone to speaker or hand it off to someone else. You can also ask a bystander to call 911 while you focus on providing care.

As a general rule, if you’re calling about a police or fire emergency, it’s usually best not to rush in. Avoid putting yourself in harm’s way and becoming a second casualty. For medical emergencies, though, there are several ways you can help before EMS arrives.

If you have no medical training, stay on the line with the 911 dispatcher. They can walk you through what to do. At the very least, you can provide updates on any changes in the person’s condition. If you do have some training, offer help based on your comfort level. Even if you’re unsure, keeping the injured person calm by talking to them and distracting them from their condition can make a difference.

Have you considered what to do if 911 services aren’t available? An electromagnetic pulse or natural disaster could knock out all communication systems, including dispatch. In a fire emergency, you may need to send someone directly to the firehouse. That takes time, and time may not be on your side. Hopefully, the fire stays contained, and no one is trapped inside.

If it’s a police emergency, you’ll have to rely on verbal de-escalation and conflict management. With any luck, you won’t need to fall back on combatives or weapons training to stop the threat. In a medical emergency, you do what you can — keep the person stable, communicate with them, and wait for help to arrive. Training for all three scenarios — fire, law enforcement, and medical — should be a priority. It can make all the difference when systems fail.

YOU are the Pre-First Responder

There are many situations where medical or ambulance assistance might be needed. These range from individual emergencies — like chest pain, difficulty breathing, or signs of a stroke — to incidents involving multiple casualties, such as a vehicle pileup. If you’re first on the scene or simply the first willing to act, there are a few steps you can take to help.

Start by assessing the scene for safety. Make sure you aren’t putting yourself or others at further risk. Once the area is secure, begin evaluating each patient. In trauma situations, I prefer to use the MARCH mnemonic: Massive hemorrhage, Airway, Respirations, Circulation, Head/Hypothermia. Stop major bleeding with a tourniquet before moving on to other casualties. If you reach the circulation step and find an unconscious patient, direct a bystander to begin CPR if appropriate. While they focus on that patient, continue assessing others.

In mass casualty scenarios, I recommend using a triage system with color designations. Green is for the walking wounded. Yellow indicates delayed care — these patients need attention but can wait without serious harm. Red is for those needing immediate intervention, as they’re unlikely to survive without it. Black is for those who have already died or are expected not to survive. In these cases, instruct some of the green-coded individuals to stay with the black-coded patients and provide comfort care.

EMS BAG

When EMS Arrives

Emergency medical teams will perform their own assessments upon arrival. In a mass casualty situation, direct them to the red triage group first, as those individuals need immediate transport by ambulance.
One tool EMTs and paramedics often use is the SAMPLE mnemonic: Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, and Events leading up to the injury or illness. This is especially useful for single-patient assessments, though it becomes harder to apply in large-scale incidents. If you’ve applied a tourniquet, record the time and location on the body. If CPR was started, note the time it began.

Another helpful tool is OPQRST, which is used to assess pain. It stands for Onset, Provocation/Palliation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, and Time. These questions can help paint a clearer picture of the patient’s condition and guide further care. Once first responders arrive, ask how you can assist. Step back when needed and always defer to those with greater training or medical authority.

POLICE CHASING SUSPECT

When Law Enforcement Arrives

Reasons to call for police assistance can include an active crime, violence against an individual, a burglary, or a traffic accident. In situations where law enforcement is needed, it’s usually best not to get directly involved. Your role is to observe and report.
If a crime has occurred, try to gather a detailed description of the offender. Note their approximate height, weight, skin tone, hair and eye color, clothing, and direction of travel. If a vehicle is involved, record the color, make, model, and license plate — including the issuing state. Count how many people were involved.

When you call 911, be ready to give your exact location, the nature of the emergency, your name, your phone number, and everything you’ve observed. Don’t be surprised if a responding officer follows up to include your statement in their report.

FIREMAN WITH CHILD

When the Fire Department Arrives

Fire departments typically respond to calls involving smoke, fire, gas leaks, or downed power lines. Many departments also have EMTs on staff who can assist with medical emergencies. If you’re inside a building where there’s smoke or fire, you might be tempted to grab a fire extinguisher or smother the flames yourself. But remember, a fire can double in size every minute. If it’s anything more than a small kitchen mishap, don’t try to fight it. Get out immediately. Don’t waste time gathering valuables. In the case of a gas leak, leave the building and move well away from the property. Stay out until officials say it’s safe to return.

When calling 911, be ready to give the exact address and describe the emergency — whether it’s smoke, visible fire, a gas leak, or something else. They may also ask about the fire’s location and whether anyone is trapped inside. After firefighters arrive, you may be asked for details about what happened. Above all, never re-enter a building that’s on fire or filled with smoke. Conditions change fast, and going back inside could cost you your life.

Color Code for Mass Casualty Triage

  • RED: (Immediate) Immediate care and transport (e.g., open fractures, chest wounds)
  • YELLOW: (Delayed) An injury that may need attention, but that can be delayed without significant harm to the patient (e.g., stable single organ wounds, CNS injuries)
  • GREEN: (Walking Wounded) Walking wounded (e.g., sprain, fracture, laceration)
  • BLACK: (Expectant) Deceased or those who are expected not to survive their injuries (e.g., unresponsive, high spinal cord injuries)

In Summary

Clear communication is critical when relaying information to first responders — EMS, police, or fire. The accuracy and detail you provide can literally be the difference between life and death. Never underestimate the value of your observations. Don’t stand by and watch. Help where you can.
The best way to prepare is through training, especially in basic medical skills. There are courses available across the country and online that can give you the knowledge to act confidently when it counts. You might be the reason someone survives.

Read More From Issue 69

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid’s free newsletter today!

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Gear Up: Desk to Dawn

Grinding through a full week at the office or jobsite can wear anyone down, especially when you’re trying to stay motivated for long weekends in the wild. There’s nothing wrong with enjoying the A/C, kicking back by the pool, or cracking open a cold one when the workweek ends — you’ve earned it. But don’t lose sight of the bigger picture. Those 40-plus hours pay for something more: the freedom to pack up and get out there. We’ve put together a collection of gear to make the daily grind a little easier and help stoke your excitement for that next escape the moment you break away from the blacktop and return to real ground.

Ramsingh Watch Company Jakkal

NOTES 

When you think of a hard-use or tactical watch, the first thing your mind’s eye conjures is probably something big and clunky. In reality, when you look at the men and women out in the field getting after it, you’ll often spot something much lower profile and more streamlined. The Jakkal takes inspiration from classic field watches of the 1950s through the 1970s, more specifically, those worn during the Rhodesian Bush Wars. Its tenacious 38mm PVD-coated case is made from 316L stainless steel for corrosion resistance and all-around resilience.

A screw-down crown ensures the entire package stays watertight. With a smaller case size, legibility becomes even more important, and the domed sapphire crystal delivers; it’s incredibly clear and nearly impossible to scratch. If you’re putting your gear through daily punishment on the job, you need a watch that stands up to recoil, impact, altitude, and submersion. That’s where quartz shines. When missing your mark isn’t an option, reliability matters. For that reason, the Swiss Ronda 713 quartz movement was chosen. Built for high-stress environments and trusted for its durability, the 713 feels right at home inside the Jakkal.

County Comm BIG – Industrial Strength Survival Food Grade Tin and Kydex Belt Holster

County Comm BIG – Industrial Strength Survival Food Grade Tin and Kydex Belt Holster

NOTES

You can’t go wrong by starting with a topo design on the cover of your survival gear. Great for minimalist hiking or as an urban survival tin, the BIG Industrial Strength Survival Food Grade Tin is perfectly sized to keep your packing focused on what you need, not what you want. Use it as an escape and evasion kit, a fire-starting kit, a small ouch pouch, or just a Skittles stash. The crush-proof construction offers peace of mind, knowing your gear stays safe during rough travel or over rugged terrain.

Because it’s made with food-grade materials, you can store a compact cache of calorie-dense food or, in a pinch, boil small amounts of water for survival. One of our favorite field hacks is to drop in a couple of tea candles and use it to create a bit of warmth under a poncho while leaning against a tree on cold, rainy nights. The 4x4x2-inch tin fits securely in a handmade Kydex Belt Holster, which comes with a 1.5-inch removable belt clip. It’s simple, sturdy, and built with just the right amount of space to do the job without overcomplicating it.

AeroPress Go

AeroPress Go

NOTES

We know. The coffee at work tastes like burnt garbage. But short of hauling in your own coffee pot from home, what are you supposed to do about it? You’re going to take our advice and get yourself an AeroPress Go. The AeroPress Go is about the size of a standard 12- to 15-ounce coffee mug and is completely self-contained inside its own cup, capped with a lid. Under that lid, you’ll find a scoop, a folding stir stick, paper filters in a clamshell case, the chamber, plunger, and cup.

All you need to provide is your favorite coffee and some hot water. This compact setup is perfect for brewing American or espresso-style coffee, and it can even handle cold brew. No more bitter, burnt-tasting sludge. You can now make great coffee one cup at a time, wherever you are. After a stretch of rigorous (and highly caffeinated) testing, we found that the quality of the brew led to a 30-percent reduction in our usual coffee intake, while keeping focus, energy, and morale high. Turns out, better coffee really does mean better performance.

Benchmade Mini Bugout 533SL-10

Benchmade Mini Bugout 533SL-10

NOTES 

Anthony Bourdain once said something along the lines of, “You don’t need a big knife, just a sharp one.” That’s exactly what you’re getting with the Mini Bugout 533SL-10. A sleek Woodland Green anodized aluminum handle is paired with a tight-fitting black oxide deep-carry ambi-pocket clip to always keep this trusty sidekick close. With an overall length of 6.49 inches and a blade length of 2.82 inches, you’ve got just enough real estate to stay in control during detailed tasks.

The Mini Bugout shines indoors for daily cutting jobs and holds its own outdoors making kindling, field dressing small game or fish, and handling carving work. Weighing just 2 ounces, it earns its name as a true lightweight companion. The CPM S90V clip-point blade offers plenty of utility across a range of tasks, though you won’t be striking a ferro rod with it — the Crushed Silver Cerakote coating prevents that. Benchmade offers the Mini Bugout in a variety of colors and handle materials, with prices ranging from $180 for the Grivory composite models to $320 for the premium carbon-fiber version.

Halfbreed Blades Large Bush Knife (LBK) Gen-2

Halfbreed Blades Large Bush Knife (LBK) Gen-2

NOTES

This Australian import is packed with features you’d expect from a proper “do-it-all” bush knife. With an overall length of 11.22 inches, this thing is an absolute beast. Once your fingers wrap around the G10 grip scales, you’ll feel like you could kill a tank with it. The CPM 3V blade includes a generous amount of jimping, smartly placed at the thumb ramp and at both the top and bottom of the heel for added friction in a reverse grip. Halfbreed added a sizable fuller to help reduce blade friction and lighten the overall weight — a smart move, considering the LBK Gen-2 comes in at 17.46 ounces.

It rides in a Kydex sheath that can be worn either in a scout (parallel) or traditional (perpendicular) carry. It ships with two MOLLE clips to accommodate various mounting setups. The included ferro rod is noticeably small for a blade this size but stays tucked out of the way when you’re deep in the bush. After extended use in the field, we haven’t found the LBK Gen-2 to be lacking in any department. Cheers, mate!

Crazy Creek The Pack Table

Crazy Creek The Pack Table

NOTES

Designed and manufactured from recycled materials in Montana, the Pack Table is a versatile addition to round out your pack loadout. We’ve found it does its best work fireside, keeping card games and meals out of the dirt and mud. Made from rugged polypropylene, the tabletop features a textured cement gray finish and is held together with a shock cord system like how tent poles are strung. Independently adjustable blaze orange legs move in 1-inch increments from 5 to 8 inches.

With stability in mind, Crazy Creek added a spring-assisted opening system to keep the legs locked open when under load. That means you’ll always have a stable surface for your late-night drinks or early morning coffee. To save space and weight, the table packs down to just 6 by 6 by 2 inches and tips the scale at only 19 ounces. For something so small, it pulls a lot of weight. You’ll have no trouble justifying its place in your kit.

Grayl 24-ounce GeoPress

Grayl 24-ounce GeoPress

  • FILTRATION RATE: 24 ounces per minute
  • MSRP: $100
  • URL: grayl.com

NOTES

Staying hydrated during strenuous activity is crucial, but so is ensuring your water is safe. The Grayl system makes this easy with a smart, streamlined design. Scoop water with the outer cup, keeping the lid and mouthpiece clean. The 24-ounce inner cup, fitted with a base filter, slides in. Just loosen the cap, press down, and clean water is ready in seconds.

It’s effective for everything from rivers to sketchy tap water, making it great for travel, backcountry trips, or emergency kits. Each filter lasts about 350 uses or 65 gallons.

LuminAID PackLite Titan 2-in-1

LuminAID PackLite Titan 2-in-1

NOTES 

LuminAID delivered big with their incredibly well-designed collapsible LED lantern. You can charge it via solar or plug it into the wall to make sure it’s ready when needed. The Titan uses air pressure to keep the package both collapsed and upright — a surprisingly clever design. The body of the lantern twists 90 degrees to either expand or collapse. To start the process, just pull the airtight, tethered plug on the bottom. This allows air to quickly fill the lens. Once inflated, replace the plug to keep the light standing.

To collapse it, simply reverse the process. Did we mention this device will also charge your phone? The Titan houses an extra-large 4000mAh battery capable of charging most phones two to three times. If your priority is seeing in the dark, you’re covered. The Titan runs up to 100 hours and pushes out as much as 300 lumens. It also features both red and white light modes, depending on your needs. Best of all, it holds a charge on the shelf for over two years, making it a solid option for everything from backpacking trips to blackout kits.

18 Series Bags The Charlie Load-Out Bag

18 Series Bags The Charlie Load-Out Bag

NOTES

Built to meet the demands of the 18 Charlie — U.S. Special Forces Engineer Sergeants — this bag is ready for changing missions and tough conditions. The Charlie Load-Out Bag lays flat when opened, with loop Velcro throughout the interior to secure the included four 9×10-inch and two 15×7-inch hook-backed, windowed pouches.

It works well as checked luggage, for a shoot house class, or anything in between. At roughly 30 inches tall, 18 inches wide, and 16 inches deep, it holds a serious load, made manageable by integrated rollers. A removable admin pouch tops it off, ideal for small essentials. Available in Black, Coyote, and Multicam.

MAD Gear Contingency Planner

MAD Gear Contingency Planner

NOTES

In the heat of a tragic event, you don’t want to be scrambling to come up with a potentially life-saving course of action. When the game is for all the marbles, you want a solid plan already in place and rehearsed. M.A.D. Gear has designed a well-thought-out Contingency Planner to help you think through multiple scenarios before they unfold. The planner walks you through building an exfil (escape) plan, using an authentication table, card of the day, cipher table, and other helpful references and checklists.

The pages are made from a proprietary synthetic material that’s extremely durable, waterproof, and easy to write, draw, or glue on. Not using a traditional three-ring binder — or worse, a spiral binding — is a smart move on M.A.D. Gear’s part. Three-ring binders tend to break, and spirals get crushed or make turning pages a pain. Instead, the pages are loose and held together with dual ring clips, making it easy to reorganize or remove what you need. These aren’t fragile sheets; they’re not even paper. They’re built to withstand use in the field when failure isn’t an option.

StopBox Pro

StopBox Pro

NOTES

To keep your pistol out of the hands of people who shouldn’t have access, you could go with a giant safe if you wanted. But, in my opinion, the best place to store your handgun is in its holster and on your person. When that’s not ideal, especially when hanging around the house, I favor the StopBox. No batteries to die, no beeping to give you away, and no fumbling with keys or spinning dials while under stress. The StopBox uses a mechanical locking system operated by a combination of five ergonomically placed buttons, keeping curious fingers out while still giving you fast access.

The criteria for a good safe are simple: it needs to offer quick, repeatable access while keeping the contents secure. The StopBox checks both boxes. It’s built from a high-impact resistant, glass-reinforced polycarbonate-ABS blend and reinforced with steel where it counts. Lightweight, portable, and completely mechanical, the StopBox is a smart option when you want fast access without relying on electronics. Perfect for home, travel, or anywhere you might temporarily stage your handgun when it’s not riding on your belt.

Riton 5 Primal

Riton 5 Primal

NOTES

It’s getting to be that time of year again. Time to hit the hillsides and open spaces to do a little scouting for your fall game of choice. Sure, you can glass with a solid pair of binoculars — and I often do — but for my money, nothing beats a quality angled spotting scope. Riton delivers the performance of larger, heavier scopes in a package that’s much lighter than you’d expect. Measuring approximately 12.7 inches in length and weighing just 2.75 pounds, this is an optic you won’t leave behind.

The adjustable zoom eyepiece provides solid eye relief, even at extended distances, and the focus stays steady as you increase magnification. The tripod mount uses a standard threaded base, the same commonly found on optics and cameras. That opens the door to a wide variety of mounting options, especially when paired with a conversion base. And when the sun threatens to cook you out of your perfect glassing spot, you won’t be out of luck. The 5 Primal comes with a built-in, twist-out sunshade that extends or retracts with ease. This is a well-balanced scope that’s ready to work when you are.

Tuff Possum Gear Multipurpose Sit Pad

Tuff Possum Gear Multipurpose Sit Pad

NOTES

No matter how long you’ve been spending time in the field, you’re never going to enjoy sitting on cold, wet, or scorching ground. Taking a knee to start a fire or knock out a camp task is always better when you’ve got a little extra comfort. Tuff Possum delivered just that in a lightweight, waterproof, and rugged package. The Multipurpose Sit Pad (MSP) weighs only 4 ounces, including the closed-cell foam insert. With a surface area of 17.5 by 11 inches, and a half inch of thickness, the MSP offers just enough cushion to get the job done.

It doesn’t just keep you dry while sitting or kneeling, it also insulates against hot or cold surfaces. In a pinch, you could lay on it and keep your core off the ground, minimizing thermal loss. A Velcro closure seals the pad inside, but you can pull it out and use the cover as a stash bag, or stuff it with local vegetation to create a makeshift pillow. Every version includes a blaze orange panel on one side for signaling. Available in solid colors and patterns like Multicam, Nemesis Woodland Wolf, Ranger Green, and more.

Rab Equipment Incline Pants

Rab Equipment Incline Pants

NOTES

Lightweight, flexible, breathable, wind-resistant, and quick to dry, the Incline Pants by Rab check all the right boxes. Built from midweight Matrix softshell fabric, they’re deceptively tough. We’ve put in long days wearing these in the field, doing hard work, and, so far, not a single rip or tear. All pockets are zippered with internal mesh to speed up drying. A long-gusseted crotch runs from knee to knee, helping you stay mobile, and drawstring cuffs let you cinch things down when the wind kicks up or when ticks are an issue.

Six belt loops spaced around the waistband accept belts up to 1.5 inches wide, just in case you forgot you’re not lounging in pajamas. The Inclines come in five solid colors: Army, Beluga, Deep Ink, Olive, and Tempest Blue. And thanks to a generous amount of built-in stretch, you don’t need to stress about a perfect fit. Available in sizes from small to XXL and three inseam options: short, regular, and long. They’re built to work, but comfortable enough to live in.

WETWRX Combat Hoodie

WETWRX Combat Hoodie

NOTES

Over the course of the cold months, you got used to the comfort and utility of a hoodie. Just because the mercury is on the rise doesn’t mean that cozy feeling must come to an end. WETWRX has just released their Summer Combat Hoodie (SCH). It’s made from 250D polyester mesh, meaning the SCH holds in zero body heat, absorbs no water, and helps wick away moisture. In fact, the SCH is meant to be added over the top of a wicking system to keep you cool, while also keeping your skin covered, camouflaged, protected from biting insects, and shielded from UV exposure.

While the mesh grid is wide enough to provide plenty of air circulation, we also found it shines as the base for an impromptu ghillie suit by weaving in local vegetation or some jute if you’ve got it on hand. Since 250D poly mesh is tough enough to belly crawl across the forest floor, there is no stretch to this material. Make sure you order your sizing appropriately. At launch, WETWRX is offering the SCH in Coyote, Multicam, and Ranger Green. It’s a hoodie built for summer, not sweating.

OPE Gear Pack Husk

OPE Gear Pack Husk

NOTES

But I don’t have any reason to camouflage my pack, you might be thinking. Well, think again. More people are carrying backpacks in public places. We’ve found scrims come in especially handy when needing to enter small, locally owned stores that don’t allow backpacks due to theft concerns. It’s easy to duck off somewhere, pull the scrim from your pack, cover it, and stash it in nearby vegetation, keeping it out of sight from passersby. In more rural settings, the Pack Husk does more than mute colors.

It breaks up the outline and shape of your pack and conceals those uniquely human forms that catch the eye, reducing your visual signature. OPE Gear laser-cuts 500D Cordura for their scrim products, making them tear-proof, uniform, lightweight, and tough. OPE Gear’s material is also NIR compliant, anti-glare and shine, UV resistant, and resistant to mold and water. The Pack Husk fits pack sizes from 10 to 30 liters, with a shock cord drawstring to keep things snug. Available in a dozen different camouflage patterns and three solid colors. Simple concept, clever execution.

Combat Flip Flops Shadow Ban High Top

Combat Flip Flops Shadow Ban High Top

NOTES

“Bad for running. Worse for fighting.” That’s been the motto of Combat Flip Flops since day one, until now. The Shadow Ban breaks that mold. Don’t let the low-profile design fool you. These aren’t just lifestyle sneakers. They’re front-line capable footwear disguised as everyday lace-ups. What looks like an ordinary pair of casual high-tops is actually duty-grade workwear with attitude. It all starts with the proprietary “Sticky AF” outsole, delivering serious traction. That’s backed by a custom EVA midsole offering real arch support and lasting comfort. A reinforced leather toe cap and tongue give you the protection you need on the job or in the field. And the rugged canvas upper pulls it all together.

This is a door-kicker that doesn’t back down and doesn’t quit. Eight eyelets stretch from the forefoot to above the malleolus, creating a snug, even fit from top to bottom. It’s only available in whole sizes, but the updated design gives you extra room where it counts, especially in the toe box. If you’re between sizes, go up. You won’t regret it. A lifetime warranty backs the quality you’d expect from CFF. Right now, they’re only offered in black — just the way we like it.

matthew williams

Top Picks

As summer starts to wind down across much of the U.S., we can expect large swings in daily temperatures. With that in mind, we chose the Rab Incline Pants and WETWRX Summer Combat Hoodie as our two standout products. When it comes to spending long days outside, it’s critical to shield yourself from the elements and stay comfortable while doing it.

Rab’s Incline Pants are lightweight and highly functional. Just as comfortable navigating a crowded airport as they are moving along a ridgeline, they’re a versatile addition to any wardrobe or kit.
The WETWRX Summer Combat Hoodie is equally impressive. Built from durable 250D mesh, it allows airflow to keep you cool while keeping the sun and biting insects off your skin. It doesn’t hold moisture, making it ideal for high-output activity. Its utility goes beyond personal wear — it can double as camouflage or be used to conceal gear from view. We’ve even tested it as the base for an improvised ghillie suit.

At the time the photos were taken for our “Top Two,” temps hit 93 degrees F with 67-percent humidity. The gear kept us comfortable and dry and, notably, bite-free. These two earn their place in the field.

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.