Grey Man Academy

I did not expect to start a training course taped to a chair. Wrists bound to the armrests. Forearms pinned. Ankles secured to the legs of a battered office seat. There is a saying that echoes through survival circles, “You do not rise to the occasion. You sink to your lowest level of training.” It sounded dramatic when I first heard it. It felt different with adhesive biting into skin. The room smelled like dust and coffee. The instructor’s footsteps moved behind me. A timer started. I took a breath and tried to think like someone who had done this a hundred times.

That scene was no movie set. It was a drill at Grey Man Academy. The program promises a quiet path to an uncommon skill set. Think less costume drama and more practical competence. The goal is not to become a walking action figure. The goal is to move through modern life with a trained mind and a steady hand. The weekend is built to pressure test both.

Instructor at Grey man academy

Instructor Michael Caughran discusses the layers of the “Capability Pyramid.”

The Silent Professional

The phrase came up within the first hour. Our instructor, Michael Caughran, spoke in an even tone that fit the room. He was not interested in social media theater or tactical fashion. He addressed teachers, parents, young professionals, and the occasional veteran with the same message. Capability is a choice. You do not need a certain background to become the person who stays calm when the rest of the room is losing its footing. However, you do need discipline and a plan.

Michael introduced a simple idea that shaped everything that followed. He called it the capability pyramid. Mindset forms the base. Tactics sit above mindset. Skills go on top of tactics. Tools rest at the peak. The order matters. People love to start with gear. It is easier to buy a flashlight than it is to build a decision-making habit. Tools do not save you from poor choices. Even a legend from the frontier can walk into the wrong seat at the wrong time and fail to face the door. The pyramid rewards clear thinking before clever hardware.

person in zip cuffs

Zip cuffs, a commonly used restraint, can be defeated with a cleverly manipulated bobby pin.

The Escapist Mindset

The first day of Grey Man Academy focused on mental control and threat recognition. The topic sounds dark at first. But it is all about understanding how people get trapped, and how they get out. We talked about situational awareness in plain language. Look for what does not belong. Notice who is watching who. Identify exits. Keep a simple baseline of the space you are in. These are life skills, not paranoia drills.

Michael walked us through case studies that turned abstract ideas into vivid markers. Two anti-apartheid activists in South Africa spent a year shaping a path to freedom and kept their heads clear enough to lock a cell behind them as they left. An American contractor used his captors’ assumptions to buy a sliver of time and eventually escape. A former student’s family faced a planned home invasion. Preparation, instincts, and decisive action made the difference. These are rare events. Rare is not the same as impossible. The lesson was not to seek danger. The lesson was to honor early warnings and act sooner rather than later.

We studied a simple model that breaks a kidnapping into phases. Capture is shock. Movement creates windows. Temporary holds are messy. Interrogations mix manipulation with pressure. Permanent holding creates overconfidence in the people running the show. None of this was presented as a script to follow. It was a way to organize stress. When your brain labels a phase, you can ask better questions. Where is the noise? Where are the doors? Where is the attention? Those questions turn panic into a plan.

person zip tied to chair

Students were placed in what initially seemed like impossible situations, only to discover they could overcome the scenario with a calm and curious mind.

Mindset Meets Mechanics

Escape work begins between your ears. You need belief before you need a tool. You are not a statue. You are an investigator. You are always looking for slack, for edges, for changes in rhythm. Night favors the patient. Noise hides small movements. Distraction is a resource. Understanding how a restraint is supposed to function makes you better at finding its weak points. You can carry a lawful tool. You can improvise when you must. You can also make something simple out of what is available. None of this requires superpowers. It does require grit and curiosity.

The class moved from theory to carefully controlled practice. Each student chose a restraint to work against under supervision — tape, rope, plastic cuffs, steel cuffs with training keys. We practiced in a way that emphasized safety. We used communication. We checked circulation. We took turns as spotters. Under the pressure of a stopwatch, the test was to manage adrenaline as much as it was successfully escaping.

When it was my turn I chose plastic, law enforcement-style zip-ties. I tried one approach that failed. I shifted to another that demanded focus, coordination, and more patience than I thought I had in me. The timer stopped after 5 minutes and 11 seconds. The room felt 10 degrees cooler once the cuffs broke free. My forearms stung. My head felt oddly clear. I understood what the instructors meant by confidence built under pressure. You cannot buy that in a catalog.

women working with a combative trainer at grey man academy

Methods focused on strikes that came naturally so that reactions under stress became quick and efficient.

Combatives with Purpose

The second block moved from restraints to the human body. The premise was direct. Violence is rare in daily life. If it finds you, you will not schedule it. You might be in a kitchen. You might be stepping out of a car. You might be wearing clothing that restricts motion. You may have to act with one hand or from a compromised position. In those moments the goal is simple. End the threat as fast as you can and escape to safety. The techniques were rooted in structure rather than sport. We learned to think in terms of posture, base, and alignment. Strength was a bonus, not a requirement.

We drilled strikes that do not depend on perfect conditions. Palms, hammer fists, elbows, knees, simple kicks delivered with balance. We used open hands more than closed fists to protect our own bones. We practiced moving after contact, so we did not freeze in place. We drilled from different positions and while partially restrained to stress creativity and body awareness. You can hit hard and move smart at the same time. The metric was not speed or flash. The metric was repeatable damage that buys space and time.

handgun defense traing

Grey Man Academy’s Combatives training went beyond practicing moves by pitting students against potential real-world scenarios.

An important thread ran through every rep. We were learning how to protect ourselves and others inside the law and inside our values. There were no calls to escalate a minor incident. There was constant focus on de-escalation where possible and on accountability when force is necessary. The class asked hard questions about proportionality and about bystanders. We did not dodge those conversations, and they made the training more honest.

classroom hand gun training

Fundamentals of drawing and presenting a concealed carry firearm were practiced before sending rounds down range.

Handgun Skills for Reality

The third day shifted to handguns. New shooters stood next to experienced ones. The range brief covered safety in plain terms. Muzzle discipline. Trigger discipline. A culture of calling a stop if anything looked odd. We began dry, working on grip, sight picture, and trigger press. Fundamentals sound boring until you watch them save time. Under pressure you do half of what you can do on your best day. That was the mantra for this block. We raised the bar in practice so our half would still be enough when it counted.
We built from slow draw strokes to faster ones.

We drew from concealment. We tested how clothing affects access. We shot sighted and unsighted at appropriate distances and learned when each method makes sense. We reloaded and cleared simple malfunctions. We adapted our stances to odd terrain. We learned about different carry positions and how they interact with driving, sitting, grappling, and daily tasks. We looked at everyday items and asked whether they enabled access or created a trap. Running a qualification drill turned our scattered reps into a single arc. It did not feel like a test for bragging rights. It felt like a map we could use to see where to spend our next month of practice.

trainer discussing targets after live fire drill

After working on a few live-fire drills, Michael discusses what the shot patterns might be saying about our technique.

Life Between Sessions

A word about the setting. Grey Man Academy is not a spartan camp where you crash on a cot and eat mystery stew. The lodging sits on quiet ground with enough space between buildings to let your nervous system find neutral. Early registrants can land rooms with a patio and extra views. Everyone gets a private space with clean linens and simple comforts. The walk to the training areas takes the edge off the morning.

The food supports the pace. The kitchen crew leans into a farm-to-table approach that tastes like a place rather than a supplier catalog. Three full meals arrive like clockwork. Coffee appears when you need it. The menu shifts with the season and with the animals raised nearby. Dinner included a slow-cooked cut from the ranch that refilled everyone without sending us into a coma. It is surprising how much better you process new information when what you eat is simple and clean.

When the day ends, you are not stuck pacing a hotel hallway. A hot tub sits near a pond where the light lingers at the edges. There is a small gym for the people who like to prime their legs before breakfast. Trails cut through the property for slow walks that turn jittery energy into reflection. An on-site range lets motivated students revisit a drill with a coach watching. Benches near fire pits become quiet corners for writing down what you want to remember. Recovery is not a treat. It is part of the curriculum.

students during a live fire drill

Out at the range, we went through the motions of presenting our firearms with our eyes closed to work on our consistency and develop that all-important muscle memory.

What Sticks When the Tape Comes Off

Grey Man Academy sells skills. The thing it really delivers is composure. That word kept surfacing as I unpacked the weekend in my head. Composure is noticing the shape of a room before a problem starts. It is remembering that movement creates options. It is choosing a tactic that fits your values and your laws. It is acting without advertising your intent. The training turns those ideas into a set of habits you can feel in your bones.

A skeptic might ask whether any of this is necessary for an average person. My answer is straightforward: The vast majority of days will be normal, but that is exactly why you train. Skills you never use in a dramatic way still change how you carry yourself. You lock your doors with intention. You read a crowd with a softer gaze. You pick a table with better sight lines without making a show of it. You handle a flat tire at night without spinning into anxiety. You speak calmly to the person next to you when a loud noise rattles the room. You keep your head while others are searching for theirs.

For students who already have experience, the Grey Man Academy offers a chance to refine rather than accumulate. Michael’s pyramid forces you to ask whether you are building on the right layer. It is humbling to realize that a new holster will not fix a mindset issue. It is empowering to watch your draw times fall after you correct a single habit at the base of your stance. Tools become meaningful after tactics and skills are anchored.

The class returns to that point again and again until it becomes muscle memory.
The ethical tone matters as much as the technique. The staff frames every drill with real-world context. We talked about communication with law enforcement after a defensive incident. We talked about the presence of family members and strangers. We talked about how to ask for help clearly and how to keep others from rushing into danger. There is a strong thread of responsibility running through the course. You leave with more power. You also leave with a better sense of when not to use it.

assorted tools on a chest

Although the Grey Man Academy class made use of a variety of tools to escape restraints, the items in this photo are by no means exhaustive. The only limit to what constitutes an appropriate tool is what your mind can come up with

Final Thoughts on ARC’s Grey Man Academy

I keep thinking about the first seconds of that chair drill. I remember the taste of adhesive and the thud of my heart and the weird urge to thrash. Then, the breathing starts. The plan forms. The panic drains just enough to move. That transition is the essence of Grey Man Academy. It is not a fantasy factory. It is a place that teaches you how to meet stress with a steady mind, a smart tactic, and a skill you practiced when no one was watching. The weekend gave me stories to tell, but it also gave me quiet habits that do not need an audience.

The goal is not to be the hero in a camera frame. The goal is to be the person who gets home. Sometimes that means you escape a situation you never wanted. Sometimes that means you use your voice to settle a room. Sometimes that means your hands do what they must so you can reach a door and hold it open for someone else. The Academy does not promise that life will present you with a perfect scenario. It shows you how to move through the imperfect ones with humility and resolve.

I left with sore hands and a clear head. With respect for the quiet people who practice without a spotlight. With a pyramid I can carry in my pocket. Mindset first. Tactics next. Skills after that. Tools last. That order feels like a compass I can trust. When the world gets loud, it points me in the right direction.

Train with ARC

Beyond Grey Man Academy, ARC offers numerous classes in topics of self-defense, dedicated weapons training, and wilderness survival skills. Check out the ARC website for more information.

Read More From Issue 70

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


GEAR UP: Mission Ready

You’ve just been briefed on the mission. Time is short, so hit your cage or wall locker and get geared up. Success begins with preparation, and preparation means making smart choices about the kit you’ll trust your life with. Plan for how long you expect to be out, then add half again to that time. Check the weather and layer up accordingly. Load mags, top off canteens, swap batteries, and inspect snaps, zippers, buckles, and swivels. If it shakes, rattles, or rolls, tape it down. Bring what you need, leave what you don’t. Link up with your battle buddy for gear checks. We step off on in 30.

Undisclosed logo
5.11 TACTICAL PLATE CARRIER

5.11 Tactical TacTec On Duty Bundle

MSRP: $390
URL: 511tactical.com

NOTES 

This is a great quick mission setup. The TacTec line is lightweight, offers freedom of movement, as well as being highly modular. The one-handed quick-release cable system is highly regarded should you need to get the carrier off to conduct emergency medical procedures or drop your kit in a hurry to blend in with human terrain. Front and back bags have generously sized air flow panels with an extendable drag handle on the back panel. Flex Double AR Magazine Pouch 2.0 has its own mounting hardware and secures in place with non-metallic snaps. Flex Tourniquet Pouch has multiple mounting configurations because only you know the best way to mount lifesaving equipment to your kit. Flex Admin Pouch is a tidy package and packs in the features.

COLD STEEL SHOVEL

Cold Steel Spetznaz Special Forces Trench Shovel

MSRP: $40
URL: coldsteel.com

NOTES

There are few tools that are as capable as a trench shovel. Use it to dig fox holes and ranger graves, build hide sites, chop roots, or bushwhack. The Cold Steel Spetsnaz Special Forces Trench Shovel has a medium carbon steel shovel head with three sharpened sides to tackle the previously mentioned tasks or use it as the Spetsnaz did and fight with it. Topping the head is a hickory handle that is not only as tough as the shovel head, but it can also be scraped down, if need be, to get a small bundle of tinder should you find yourself in a bad way and need fire. While there are no moving parts, the Cold Steel Spetsnaz Special Forces Trench Shovel is a multi-tool that pulls its weight on the battlefield and is worthy of your consideration.

COMPASS

Cammenga H3

MSRP: $114
URL: cammenga.com

NOTES

Have a compass or get lost! It cannot be overstated how important it is to have the skills to navigate to and from your area of operation. As an example, just 2 degrees off target over the course of 5 kilometers brings you 174.6 meters off your intended target. It only gets worse the farther you have to travel. Starting with an aluminum body, the Commenga H3 is a 1:50,000 scale compass. Be sure you check your map scale to be as accurate and timely as possible. Low light to no light, the tritium lights up enough to read your compass without blowing out your eyeballs. No batteries. No charging. Just a little radioactive isotope in glass vials to light your way for up to 12 years.

POWERTAC HEAD LAMP

Powertac Explorer HL-10

MSRP: $112
URL: powertac.com

NOTES 

Mounting compatibility with action cameras like DJI and GoPro makes it easy to mount to your helmet, use the head band and pull it directly over your head, or use a chest harness. Whatever your preference is, get your light mounted up and do it at double time. We’ve got to move out! The 2500 lumens of the Explorer HL-10 will light your way over 200 meters down range, dial back to 150 lumens and reduce your light’s throw to roughly 24 meters, select red light for map reading and signature reduction. There are also settings for strobe, S.O.S., and IR functions to utilize. Magnetic charging means you can easily mount a battery pack to the back of your helmet and blind the opposition for extended run time. Light equals information. Information means decision-making capability. Turn on the sun when you can and be the smartest individual on the battlefield.

MISSION FIRST TACTICAL MAGAZINE

Mission First Tactical EXD 30 AR/M4

MSRP: $15
URL: missionfirsttactical.com

NOTES

Grab all those boxes of ammo and dump them out. There is no better place to store your rounds than in the magazines you’re going to be using. EXD 30 AR/M4 mags are your go-to ammo storage unit when it comes to launching hot rocks down range: three times more impact resistant than typical nylons because of the next-gen long glass fiber polymer, with an oversized bolt catch to hold open your breach when you run dry, four-way anti-tilt self-lubricating follower to minimize jams and misfeeds, and four scalloped-out finger grooves front and back for a positive tactile feel even under stress. Jam your mags and get into the fight with Mission First Tactical.

RAB SILTARP1

Rab SILTARP 1

MSRP: $90
URL: rab.equipment

NOTES

When speed and maneuverability are a priority, the weight and dimensions of your gear have to be considered. The SILTARP 1 comes in at just 8.5 ounces and measures 8.5 by 5.5 inches stowed away. Rab SILTARP 1 offers approximately 95 by 60 inches of cover and 16 external tie-down points to give you a variety of shelter options to get out of the rain or hide from the sun. Made from one continuous piece of siliconized 30d Cordura with a PU coating goes a long way for making this tarp strong. Light and waterproof, you can count on the Rab SILTARP 1 to cover you.

EAR PRO

ISOtunes Sport Advance BT

MSRP: $120
URL: isotunes.com

NOTES

Shoot, move, and communicate. If you can’t do all three, mission effectiveness breaks down. Protect your hearing and be able to keep comms with your team by using the ISOtunes Sport Advanced BT. Noise-reducing microphone improves communication, and the Bluetooth 5.1 supports dual pairing. Tactical Sound Control (TSC) amplifies environmental sounds and limits harmful noise like gunfire. Battery life for Bluetooth usage is 10 hours while TSC can be used for up to 20 hours of straight hearing protection. Advanced BT comes with a variety of silicone eartips to customize your fit for best results, a small, zippered case to protect your headset as well as keep the included charger handy. Rated at IP67 means this headset not only withstands a little sweat and rain, they also can be submerged in one meter of water for up to 30 minutes. This is a key bit of info when going outside the wire.

fiber light

Fiber Light Original Round

MSRP: $10
URL: outdoorelement.com

NOTES

Everything is soaked and you need a fire? No problem. Fiber Light Original Round is an aluminum tin equipped with a fat Ranger Band to ensure closure as well as a bit of sound deadening. All that is required is a pinch of Fiber Light and a spark. You can use a ferro rod, lighter, fresnel lens, or the side of a very recently used suppressor (we’ve lit cigars with them in the field). The larger the pinch the longer it’ll burn, but the average is 3 to 7 minutes. Make sure you have kindling processed and waiting for when your Fiber Light takes off. Made from a proprietary blend of natural fibers, it is safe to cook over. Pro tip: Drop a small ferro rod and scraper into your tin to be ready for use. This is a no-brainer for a field pack.

MISSION FIRST WATER BOTTLE

Mission First Tactical M67 Frag

MSRP: $45
URL: missionfirsttactical.com

NOTES 

Do yourself and your team a favor and start hydrating right now. You can lighten your load in many ways. Carrying minimal water is not one of those ways. Water is always going to be on the packing list. Put as much as you can in your body and then fill up every container you plan to take with you. The M67 Frag is a vacuum-sealed double-wall container to help keep your water cold or coffee hot as well as to reduce the chances of condensation soaking your gear. BPA and toxin free, the 32-ounce capacity is a great way to travel with your life-saving water.

GLOW FOB

Glow Rhino Ember Glow Fob

MSRP: $20
URL: glowrhino.com

NOTES

Glow Rhino Ember Glow Fob is a lightweight unobtrusive low lumen tool to add to an inside zipper pocket or in an admin pouch. Mark rally points, doors to rooms that have been cleared, attach to the zipper of an often-used item in your pack for quick recognition, or check a map while minding light discipline. Choose from green or blue light. No batteries to change or charging cord to contend with, as Glow Rhino Ember Glow Fob has a half-life of 12 years.

PRPPER DISK UNIT

Prepper Disk Premium

MSRP: $185
URL: prepperdisk.com

NOTES

This innocuous-looking device is like having a mobile library that works even when you don’t have cellular or Wi-Fi signal. Augment your mobile device and up to 19 additional devices to access Wikipedia, FEMA, National Library of Medicine, iFixit, Amateur Radio repeaters, and much more. The Prepper Disk is off of a Raspberry Pi 4B with 2 GB of RAM and a 512GB premium SD card. Need a reminder on how to turn tubular nylon into a harness or emergency litter? No sweat. There are also over 60,000 eBooks from Project Gutenberg should you need to brush up on shelter building, foraging, or finding water. Toss a Prepper Disk into a dry bag and mount up.

RAB RAIN JACKET

Rab Men’s Downpour Mountain Waterproof Jacket

MSRP: $180
URL: rab.equipment

NOTES

Rain is the perfect weather when it comes to mounting an attack. The enemy tends to get complacent when they’re cold, wet, and tired. For those of us on the offensive, we can rely on the Rab Downpour Mountain Waterproof Jacket. Keeping the rain off your head and back while on foot has always helped keep morale high. Breathable and lightweight, the 2.5-layer Pertex Shield ripstop fabric is shockingly robust. This jacket has survived rough terrain and long treks through dense forest with no trails. Lots of scuffs and dirt have been left behind, but not a single rip. Toss one in your kit, rain or shine. You’ll be glad you stay dry or use it to stop the driving wind.

MISSION FIRST CASE

Mission First Tactical ACHRO Storage Case

MSRP: $30
URL: missionfirsttactical.com

NOTES

Strong enough to carry loose ammo, but we’ve jammed mags already so this storage case can be used for other needs. For the sake of knowing, the ACHRO is tough enough to lug around 500 rounds of 9mm, 350 rounds of 5.56, or 1,500 rounds for your .22LR hushpuppy. This is possible because of its 1000D Korda Carbonate construction. Need to keep extra frags together in your pack? Problem solved. Want to have a toiletry kit in the field or an expanded ouch pouch? This ACHRO Storage Case is Johnny-on-the-spot. Measuring 9 by 4.5 by 4 inches, you can jam a lot of gear into this low-profile tough-as-nails pouch.

5.11 GLOVES

5.11 Tactical Hard Times 2

MSRP: $65
URL: 511tactical.com

NOTES

Protect your hands with HardTimes 2 knuckle protection. A four-way stretch top with a two-piece molded knuckle offers protection from impact and abrasion. 5.11 Tactical opted for touchscreen-ready fingers and palm constructed from goatskin for comfort, dexterity, and increased feeling. Thumbs have a microfiber textured sweat wipe for use in heavy activity. Thick, tactile-reinforced cuff seam, pull tab, and Velcro closures keep dirt and debris out of the Hard Times 2 Gloves.

5.11 JACKET

5.11 Tactical PT-R Arrive

MSRP: $98
URL: 511tactical.com

NOTES

To the casual observer, the Pt-R Arrive hoodie is just another article of clothing, but those in the know see it as part of a layering to keep you on mission. The quilted front panel has a PrimaLoft filler to assist in holding in heat around the core. To shed excess heat, take advantage of the full-zip front. Keeping your eyes up and situational awareness high is important when on watch. Jam your hands in the kangaroo pouch to stay warm and preserve dexterity or keep heavily used gear ready. Your right-hand pocket has a hidden pocket to secure an ID, credit card, lockpick set, or cash. Fleece back panel, sleeves and hood finish off the design and keep it looking low-profile while still being purpose built.

UNDISCLOSED PARTICIPANTS IN GEAR

Dirt Time

Thirty hours of heat, rain, and brush gave every item a real shakedown. TacTec On Duty carriers came out of the wrap, took load and mags, and moved clean through thick cover. Quick-release cables were pulled for medical drills and to dump weight at checkpoints, then reset quickly. EXD 30 magazines fed without drama while HL-10 lights ran on headband and chest mounts as needed. Layering stayed simple with the PT-R Arrive for warmth on the move and the Downpour Mountain jacket when the sky opened.

UNDISCLOSED PARTICIPANTS IN THE WOODS

H3 compasses set headings under canopy at night, while the Spetsnaz shovel handled digging, chopping roots, and scraping tinder. SILTARP 1 pitched in tight spaces for shade and rain cover and packed down fast. M67 Frag bottle carried cold water and the ACHRO case hauled extra items without sagging. Every item came straight from the box to the field and did the job, which is why we are tipping a hat to the brands that helped our VIPs level up at Undisclosed.

Read More From Issue 70

Don’t miss essential survival insights—sign up for Recoil Offgrid’s free newsletter today!

Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


ATAC, OLIGHT & Sunshine

Bodies moved through the Undisclosed schedule with that blend of curiosity and pressure that always settles over a good field course. ATAC rifles came out of cases in a neat line, and eyes did a quick scan of controls and optics. No one realized a personal surprise sat held in their hands. That realization landed only after the final scenario wrapped and the dust of sim rounds settled. Each rifle belonged to the person who had just spent more than a day living with it. That reveal hit hearts and sparked grins. Before that moment, those carbines simply had a job to do.

ATAC ADER Rifle

The ADER can come in several flavors of Cerakote: Black, Burnt Bronze, FDE, OD Green, and Tungsten.

Mission Ready: ATAC ADER Rifle

ADER 5.56 stands for ATAC Defense Enhanced Rifle. ADER 5.56 arrives as a complete answer for long, busy evolutions. Weight stays friendly at 5.95 pounds, so shoulders hold steady when the schedule stretches. Overall length adjusts from 33.125 to 36.25 inches and length of pull ranges from 10.75 to 14 inches, which makes fit simple whether plates are on or off. Controls fall under the hand without guesswork.

ATAC Defense built this carbine with a process that favors results. Receivers are machined in-house, which keeps the fit tight and free of rattle. Components are selected with function in mind, then assembled by hand, test-fired, and checked again before shipping. A lifetime limited warranty stands behind that promise. Real use brought the proof. Thirty hours of movement, vehicles, barricades, and sim rounds produced no major breakdowns and no malfunctions.

Balance reads right as soon as a shooter brings the gun up. Nothing feels nose heavy or drags on the back end. Movement through door frames and vehicles stays tidy. A free float handguard gives room for hands and small accessories without extra bulk. ADER treats ambidextrous as a working standard rather than a label. Safety levers mirror each other. A magazine release with an enlarged pad answers pressure from either side. The bolt release gives a broad target, which helps when gloves are on or angles get awkward. An ambidextrous charging handle with generous paddles shortens every press check and clears the way for quick action when a stoppage drill shows up. Nothing feels crowded.

Upper and lower receivers come from 7075 forgings that see their final cuts in the same shop that assembles the rifle. That choice keeps tolerances matched and eliminates the loose, hollow sound that arrives when parts do not agree with each other. Feed ramps meet the barrel extension cleanly. The magazine well is flared and broached to speed insertion when nerves are high. A captured rear detent saves time during maintenance. Cerakote covers surfaces evenly and resists the scrapes that show up around vehicles and barricades. Trigger weight lands at a clean 3.5 pounds on the single stage unit. Travel feels smooth, the wall is obvious, and the break arrives with a crisp finish. Reset returns with a confident click that steers timing on follow-up shots.

Mission first tactical stock on ADER

The bolt carrier group has the look and feel of a part built for miles. Edges are smooth where they meet each other. Contact points are finished so friction stays low. Nickel boron coats the assembly, which gives a slick feel that wipes clean with a single pass. Small fasteners are staked correctly. Parts are checked with the right tests before they ever see a receiver.

The carbine comes up on target with a simple, centered feel that holds through transitions and short bursts of movement. A free float handguard gives space for hands and accessories while keeping weight down. Edges feel smooth and the top rail runs clean from receiver to muzzle, which means backup sights or accessories can go exactly where they belong. Quick-detach sockets are built-in, so sling setup takes moments rather than minutes.

Furniture from Mission First Tactical rounds out the package. The Battlelink Minimalist stock trims unnecessary mass yet stays solid when shouldered. The Engage grip sits at 15 degrees, which supports a compact stance and helps the wrist stay neutral during long sessions. Nothing bites the palm. Nothing snags on kit. The parts read like choices made by people who pay attention to honest use.

ADER Specs

  • Weight: 5.95 pounds
  • Length: 33.125 to 36.25 inches
  • Length of pull: 10.75 to 14 inches
  • Barrel length: 16 inches with free float rail
  • Twist rate: 1 in 8 inches
  • Chamber: 5.56 with six-groove button rifling
  • Extra: Ambidextrous safety, magazine release, and charging handle with oversized bolt release
    Single stage trigger at 3.5 pounds with curved or straight shoe, two-stage option available
    Nickel boron-coated carrier, Cerakote receivers
  • Lifetime limited warranty
  • MSRP: $1,369
  • URL: atacdefense.com
Osight X

he Osight X comes with a magnetic charging cover, allowing the operator to charge the battery up to three times without needing to plug it in.

An Adaptable Optic

Each platform came with an Osight X mounted to the top. The sight drops on with a standard footprint that fits common plates and mounts. A three-MOA dot sits in the middle. A 32-MOA circle can surround it, or run by itself, or disappear so the dot stands alone. Switching between these choices takes seconds. Circle with dot frames targets that hide behind cover or appear at odd angles. Dot only leaves a clean view for longer looks across open ground. Glass stays clear to the edge and coatings hold glare in check, so the picture remains honest when light shifts.

Housing uses Olight Aluminum Alloy (OAL), a proprietary aluminum material, which keeps weight close to light aluminum while staying strong. Level III anodizing brings durability against impact and weather. Field testing by the maker covered a very high round count and reported no loss of zero.

ADER on ATV

Battery questions can ruin a plan. Osight X answers that with a magnetic charging cover that clicks into place and shows live status for the cover and for the optic itself. No one needed to wonder how much time remained. Stored power inside that cover can fully recharge the sight three times, and a full cycle finishes in about two and a half hours. A small kit of screws ships with the optic, which makes fitment across different plates and mounts straightforward.

Osight X Specs

  • Reticle: 3 MOA Dot, 32 MOA Circle
  • Color: Red
  • Footprint: RMR, 407c, 507c
  • Power: Rechargeable lithium polymer battery
  • Runtime: 57,000 hours on level 3
  • Weight: 1.62 ounces
  • MSRP: $230
  • URL: olight.com
Sling

An impressive sling with an efficient form factor, the QUIK Sling holds up to punishment without getting in the way.

Sling Without the Clutter

Built in Orlando, Florida, Sunshine Safety offers a single-point sling that lives out of the way until it is needed. Rolled up, the bundle is barely larger than a quarter. Weight lands at 1.4 ounces, so it disappears until a break arrives or a long walk demands support. Webbing measures 51 inches, which covers plates, layers, and seasonal changes. Materials follow Mil-spec callouts, and stitching uses Kevlar aramid thread. Attachment can be a Berry compliant QD swivel or a snap hook.

Deployment is as simple as a thumb push through the roll. The sling opens, slides over a shoulder, and takes the weight so hands can rest, or tasks can change. When the next block begins, the strap rolls back into a neat puck that does not swing or snag. Small details like this keep attention on tactics rather than housekeeping.

QUIK-Sling Specs

  • Material: Mil-spec nylon, Mil-spec elastic, Kevlar Aramid thread
  • Size: 1 by 1.2 inches rolled, 51 inches long
  • Compliance: Berry (on QD swivel models)
  • Weight: 1.4 ounces
  • MSRP: $35
  • URL: sunshinesafetyfa.com
ADER and tactical gear

Field Performance

Dirt time forces gear to show real colors. Movement through vehicles and tight structures tests balance and control placement. Barricades scrape finishes and pull at sling points. Sim rounds add urgency that makes rough handling inevitable. ADER, Osight X, and the SPLIF Sling moved through that storm without calling attention to themselves. Reloads were easy to reach from either shoulder. Press checks took a light pull and a glance. The adjustable stock kept the dot where eyes wanted it, which made correction shots feel natural. Trigger feel stayed even across the duration of the event. The carrier slid without drama as grime collected, and a quick wipe brought the shine back when a break allowed it.

Sight work told the same story. Using the circle with dot combo landed hits around and through clutter. The dot only option gave a clean view across longer lanes and wide-open terrain. Switching modes became muscle memory after a few reps, and the wide window made it simple to recover the dot after awkward positions. Battery status sat in plain view on the cover, so nobody played the “what if” game.

The sling solved movement problems that rarely get headlines. Nothing slapped against plate carriers while climbing into or out of a vehicle. Nothing wrapped under the handguard during quick transitions. When it was time to take a break, the strap took the load and kept rifles close without having to search for a place to set them down. When work resumed, the roll tucked away, and the front of the gun stayed clean.

Used ADER on ATV

Despite the abuse these platforms received during the Undisclosed event, they performed admirably.

Final Thoughts

ADER paired with Osight X and the Sunshine Safety QUICK-Sling created a package that stayed calm while the tempo reached high speeds. Weight and balance made long days realistic. Controls were easy to reach and obvious under pressure. The carrier kept cycling cleanly, and cleanup asked for little more than a cloth. The rail and furniture carried accessories without fuss and kept hands comfortable. The optic adapted to distance and clutter without stealing attention, and the charging cover kept power flowing. The sling hid until called for, then took the load and vanished again.

Thirty hours revealed what mattered. Parts that were supposed to work did exactly that. No major breakdowns arrived. No malfunctions turned the day into a maintenance drill. At the end of the event, VIPs were able to leave Undisclosed with the very platform they had been working the entire time, giving the whole exercise an afterglow that felt earned.

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Mission Ready Pack: Minimalist Survival Kit

On the first day of Undisclosed all the participants were issued the gear they would be using over the course of the event. Part of their setup included the Mission First Tactical ACHRO 22L EDC Backpack loaded with some minimalist survival essentials. While I received the same pack, my role as support staff and field photographer put me in the position to require a bit more gear, so I decided to modify my loadout to accommodate my duties for the event.

Like the participants, I was facing long days and nights in the intense summer heat while traversing the rough terrain of the Ben Franklin Range. Keeping my kit as minimalist as possible to keep the weight down and reduce fatigue were top of mind when building out my kit. Ultimately, I was able to put together a minimalist survival kit that covered shelter, water, fire, medical, navigation, comms, light, and backup power along with a few essential tools.

Minimalst Survival Kit in trunk of vehicle

The Mission First Tactical ACHRO is discreet enough for urban carry, but tough enough for the harshest conditions.

The Bag

The ACHRO 22L is a compact 22-liter pack designed for EDC use and equipped with a good amount of organization as well as the ability to carry a handgun. The pack is purposely designed to have a low-profile appearance and would go unnoticed amongst a sea of other packs in an urban setting. Despite the low-profile look, the laser-cut panels offer plenty of attachment options should you wish to add pouches or lash gear.

The outer body is constructed with 1000D Kodra Carbonate Nylon, which offers both abrasion resistance and superb water resistance. Combined with premium YKK AquaGuard zippers, the ACHRO is ready to take on rainy days in the field or the city and keep the gear inside dry.

The ACHRO has a nicely padded adjustable harness equipped with an adjustable sternum strap that allows the user to fit the pack to their body and adjust based on carry style and load. The back panel offers significant padding with a built-in air channel to keep your back cool.

Finally, the exterior offers two stretchy mesh bottle holders that accommodate up to a 32-ounce bottle in each. When not in use, the bottle holders don’t stick out and won’t get in the way when moving.
The interior offers four compartments. The front of the pack has a nice-sized admin pocket that can fit small tools and various EDC items. Above that is a long, soft-lined pocket designed for sunglasses with a secondary zipper pocket inside. While made for glasses, the pocket can accommodate items that you want quick access to, and the soft lining can ensure your cell phone screen is safe from scratches.

The main compartment offers a generously sized zipper pouch, a back pocket that can accommodate a 16-inch laptop and a smaller pocket that can fit a tablet. Of course, these organizational features can easily work with other items like pouches.

The backside of the pack offers an ambidextrous concealed carry pocket. The loop-lined wall can accommodate hook and loop holster options and includes Mission First Tactical’s Multi Mount Platform.

The ACHRO as a Minimalist Survival Pack

Twenty-two liters is not huge, and, in my opinion, that is a good thing — the bigger the bag the more excess we tend to pack. This is a sweet spot for creating a minimalist survival system that keeps the weight down. Many people don’t consider weight when packing a survival bag, but the importance of it was evident during the Undisclosed event, as even under light load participants struggled moving up steep hills and rough terrain.

Outside of an event like Undisclosed, weight is important, particularly in EDC scenarios. If your pack is too heavy and uncomfortable to carry, the chances of you leaving it at home or in your vehicle are much higher. Your emergency kit doesn’t do any good if you don’t have access to it.

When packing out my ACHRO, my goal was to create a comprehensive minimalist survival kit along with a few EDC essentials so that I could handle any emergency situations that might come up, and I had everything I needed to get my job done throughout the event.

Storage and Organization

The ACHRO has some great organizational features, but I take the organization game a step further using pouches to organize certain types of gear. This allows me to quickly identify and access various kits in an emergency. In addition, pouches can be easily swapped out to accommodate activity-based needs.

Wilderness Survival items in minimalist survival kit

he Mission First Tactical ACHRO Storage Case is a versatile pouch that can be used for a dopp kit, ammo haul, or for survival gear.

Mission First Tactical ACHRO Storge Case

Along with the ACHRO backpacks, participants were issued ACHRO storage cases — the participants used them to store extra magazines. The ACHRO storage case is made from the same water-resistant material as the pack and features the YKK AquaGuard zippers to ensure everything inside stays dry. At 9.5 by 4.5 by 4 inches, the versatile case can serve as much more than just magazine and ammo storage. During the Undisclosed event I didn’t need to carry magazines or ammo, so I opted to use mine for my wilderness survival kit.


Badger Claw Outfitters Scout EDC pouch with edc survival essentials

The Badger Claw Outfitters Scout EDC Pouch is an ideal place to store everyday carry essentials.

Badger Claw Outfitters Scout EDC Pouch

As the name indicates, the Scout EDC Pouch is ideal for housing all your EDC items. This compact 7x5x1-inch pouch fits in any bag and even a large cargo pant or coat pocket. The Undisclosed participants received one of these in water-resistant X-Pac material, but I opted to use a custom version made from Nemesis Camouflage Cordura. I keep basics in here including a pen, notebook, lockpick kit, lighter, and a small “ouch pouch.”

Shelter

In a wilderness emergency, shelter is a top priority. We can survive without food and water for a time, but exposure to the elements can lead to death in as little as three hours. Having the ability to quickly and easily set up a makeshift shelter can be the difference of getting home alive and not getting home at all.


RAB SILTARP1 for survival shelter

The Rab Siltarp 1 is ideal for setting up a one-person survival shelter.

Rab SILTARP 1

Each Undisclosed participant was issued a Rab SILTARP1 as part of their kit. I opted to keep this one in my kit as it was lighter and more compact than the large tarp I usually carry. This ultralight tarp weighs just 8.5 ounces and is made from 30D Cordura fabric, making it both waterproof and durable. When unfolded, it is 1.5 by 2.4 meters (roughly 5 by 12 feet) and is the ideal size for building a one-person shelter. There are built-in loops that can serve as attachment points, and each loop area is reinforced to reduce the likelihood of damage from the elements after being setup.

Atwood Parapocalypse Paracord

Cordage is a vital part of the shelter-building process and can serve a variety of other purposes including lashing gear to packs, hanging food to deter animals from getting into it, and more. I use Atwood Parapocalypse cord as it adds even more survival functionality. This 11-strand paracord is incredibly strong, but if you break it down you will find seven nylon strands, a waxed jute stand, 10-pound fishing line, 160-pound test line, and 110-pound test line.

Fire

Minimalist survival kit fire starter items

Even when building a minimalist survival kit, a good fire kit should always contain redundancy and account for different environmental conditions.

Fire makes us warm, which was not something needed with the intense heat at the Ben Franklin Range during Undisclosed — but fire can do a whole lot more for us in a survival situation. With the proper vessel, fire can be used to boil water to kill pathogens found in wild water sources and cook any wild food sources you can acquire. Fire can also be used to signal rescuers for help, provide light, and boost our mood. I always carry redundancy when it comes to fire-starting tools, as weather conditions and injuries can limit the ways I can start a fire.

BIC Lighter

A classic BIC lighter is the simplest way to create fire. It can be done quickly and easily one-handed. The downside to a lighter is that they will not function well when wet, and the fuel is finite.

Outdoor Element Sparky

The Sparky is a small carabiner made from hardened aluminum. While it is not to be used for climbing, it is ideal for attaching gear, carrying keys, and using as an attachment point with paracord. What makes the Sparky standout is the attached ferrocerium rod, which can be used to create sparks to ignite tinder. While not as easy as a lighter, ferro rods function well in wet and cold environments.

Wazoo Fire Card

The Wazoo Fire Card is a simple credit card-sized piece of highly flammable material that can be used in an emergency to start a fire. Simply shave down some pieces and use a lighter of ferro rod to ignite. The material will ignite in both cold and wet conditions.

Black Beard Fire Plugs

These waxed plugs will burn even when wet for a few minutes, giving you ample time to get some tinder and kindling going.

Water

Under ideal circumstances we can survive for up to three days without water, but in the intense summer heat that number drops dramatically. Having the ability to source clean drinking water is not just vital in an emergency, it can help avoid an emergency all together. The Ben Franklin Range had several creeks and streams onsite, so sourcing water was not a problem I just needed a way to make it safe to drink.

Water filter bottle for survival kit

Having the ability to access clean drinking water can be the difference between life or death in an emergency. The Epic water filter bottle serves double duty in a minimalist survival kit as both a water filter and water storage device.

Nalgene Water Bottle with Epic Filter

All Undisclosed participants were issued a 48-ounce Nalgene water bottle equipped with Epic water filters. This is ideal for this type of adventure, as it stores a large amount of water and can be used to filter wild water sources through a filter that attaches to the straw. The bottle is as wide as a 32-ounce bottle but is taller, so it fits perfectly into the ACHRO pack’s bottle holder. Each bottle kit contained two filters, one for wild water sources and a second for tap water.

LifeStraw

Like fire, having a backup way to purify water is important. I keep a LifeStraw in my wilderness kit as a backup due to its lightweight and ease of use. Simply stick it in any wild water source and use it like any other straw.

Note on Water Filters: While water filters are a great option, they have their limitations. Smaller microbes like virus particles and some environmental contaminants can get past the filter. When possible, source your water from moving water sources and avoid water that is near industrial or farm areas.

Emergency Medical

In most cases, my ouch pouch is enough to handle the small cuts, scrapes, and bumps that come along with traversing rough wilderness terrain, but it is not equipped to tackle major muscle and bone injuries or major bleeds. Undisclosed also had portions of the event that used live firearms, so while it is always good to have some advanced bleeding treatment in the wilderness, it was even more relevant for this event.

Gorilla medical trauma kit with rifle

A proper trauma kit is essential when working with firearms, even in a controlled environment.

Gorilla Medical Individual Trauma Kit

Each participant received a Gorilla Medical individual Trauma kit loaded with a number of lifesaving items focused on the types of injuries most likely to occur with firearms, though many of the items apply to injury types that could potentially occur in the wilderness.

The kit included:
• C.A.T. Tourniquet
• Emergency Bandage
• Compressed Gauze
• Hemostatic Gauze
• Non-Latex Gloves
• Trauma Shears
• Surgical Tape
• Casualty Document Card
• Permanent Marker
• HyFin Vent Chest Seal
• Nasopharyngeal Tube
• Surgical Lubricant
• Needle Decompression

The trauma kit was housed in a custom nylon pouch, which could be easily mounted to our packs or belts.
Note on Emergency Medical Equipment: Medical equipment is only as good as the training you receive. Without the knowledge of how to properly use medical gear, it is just dead weight. Our participants received a crash course in emergency medical training, and I have personally taken numerous courses in the subject. These skills are perishable, and it is important to periodically train to retain and update your skillset.

Navigation

Having a reliable means of navigation in unfamiliar areas can get you out of a bind if you know how to use the tools available. Cell phone-based apps can be helpful, but in the wilderness, and many areas in the Ben Franklin Range, service is limited, and those apps may not be functional.

Garmin GPS navigator

GPS navigation devices allow you to find your way and better understand the topography of the area you are in.

Garmin 64st

This handheld GPS unit has been with me for a while. It may not be the newest unit on the market, but it’s reliable and still receives updates from Garmin. It offers an array of features, but most importantly it provides a topographical map of the area, which is helpful when planning movements. The external antenna gives you a solid connection to GPS satellites for accurate location information even under dense tree cover and during adverse weather conditions. It is rugged and can handle drops and driving rain, ensuring it will be available when you need it.

Coms and Signaling

With limited cell phone reception or in the instance that our mesh radios fail, having a backup communications plan is important in the event of an emergency. Beyond communications, having the ability to signal others, especially in the dark, is important if facing an emergency.

ZOLEO Sat comm for minimalist survival kit

When in remote locations cell phone service can be unreliable. Compact satellite communicators like the ZOLEO allow you to communicate with others when there is no cell service.

ZOLEO

As a stand-alone device, the ZOLEO satellite communicator is a great, easy-to-use option capable of sending SOS messages and contacting emergency services. What is even more useful is that it turns your cell phone into a text-based satellite communicator, allowing both emails and text messages to be sent and is capable of automatically sending your GPS location to emergency contact or search-and-rescue services. The device itself is built to withstand the elements and has great battery life. The compact size makes it easy to carry in your pocket, attached to your gear, or in a pack.

glow rhino ember for signaling in minimalist survival kit

The Glow Rhino Ember is an ideal low light gear marker and signaling device that add next to no weight to your minimalist survival kit.

Glow Rhino Ember

Glow Rhino packs tritium into their fobs. Tritium is a harmless radioactive isotope that will glow brightly for well over a decade without the need for any light or electronic charging. While small, the bright green glow is picked up easily by the human eye in dark conditions, which can help you stand out to those looking for you. These also make great gear markers when working in dark conditions.

Light

Having a light source when operating at night or in dark conditions is essential. Even if you are not planning to be out in the wilderness at night, emergency situations can leave us trying to navigate back to a safe location in the dark. In the wilderness, the absence of building and infrastructure lighting can result in pitch black conditions, making movement difficult and unsafe.

Powertac HL-10 Headlamp

The Powertac Explorer head lamp was provided to all participants, and I opted to use this as my primary light source as headlamps are ideal for creating hands-free light when working or on the move. The Explorer produces up to 2500 lumens of white light and has almost three days of run time on low mode between charges. In addition to white light, the Explorer has a red light option, which is ideal for preserving your night vision and an IR mode for tactical pursuits.

Backup Power

With a heavy reliance on electronics comes the need for backup power. Power banks are a daily carry necessity, but when operating in adverse conditions, picking a ruggedized weather-resistant option is vital.

Power bank and head lamp for survival kit

With a heavy reliance on electronic devices, backup power should be part of every survival kit.

Dark Energy Poseidon Pro

The Poseidon Pro is a great solution for wilderness backup power. The ruggedized frame is drop, water, and temperature resistant, and it provides 10,000 mAh of power, which is enough to charge all the devices I carry and my phone at least once.

on body survival kit

On-Body Gear

The kit I put together was comprehensive, but as our participants learned during the event, your pack doesn’t do you any good if it is not on your person when an emergency happens. While the participant faced a staged mass casualty event, I have learned from firsthand experience how easy it is to become separated from your pack in high-stress situations. Developing some redundancy in your kit to store on your person should be part of every survival kit build. Even though my on-body gear is not as robust as the gear in my pack, it is important to remember the best survival gear for any situation is the gear you have on you. My on-body carry included The Reiff Vicon, Skallywag Tactical Iron Jaw, Fenix PD25R, Sunshine Safety BRIK Micro, Outdoor Element Sparky, and Glow Rhino Ember.

Closing Thoughts

My ACHRO packed out came in at just over 11 pounds, not including water weight, and left plenty of room to add some snacks and house my camera when not in use. Having a light pack was welcome when traversing the challenging terrain and intense summer heat at the Ben Franklin Range during Undisclosed. Fortunately, I did not encounter emergency situations, but being prepared brings confidence and peace of mind to charge forward during the event with less stops back to the lodge to get supplies.

Much of the gear came in handy throughout the longer days, particularly the navigation, lighting tools, backup power, and water bottle. While we may instinctually want to pack everything and the kitchen sink, finding the right balance between weight and functionality is vital to reduce fatigue. When operating in challenging terrain and high heat, over-packing survival and EDC gear will quickly do more harm to your body and performance that outweigh any benefit the gear may have.

Read More From Issue 70

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Garmont Tactical Boots

When it comes to operating in high-stress environments, navigating the wilderness, or moving quickly during an emergency, next to our minds, our feet are our most important tool. The ability to move quickly and efficiently can be seriously hampered when foot injuries or discomfort are present. Having proper footwear is essential, and with the footwear market being as large as it is, it is difficult to know exactly what the best show for the job is.

While your average sneaker, work boot, or sandal may be a comfortable choice for daily use — these types of shoes are not built to hold up to miles of on foot travel, adverse weather conditions, and rough terrain. They also aren’t designed to keep our feet happy and healthy in these activities. In the years I’ve spent as an avid hiker, taking a variety of tactical/survival courses, and making it through several emergency scenarios, I’ve seen the impact of improper footwear both personally and with others. Blisters, rolled ankles, and fractures are just a few of the injuries that can stop you in your tracks, and over time more serious chronic conditions can develop because of improper footwear.

When it comes to selecting the best footwear to manage extended wear through harsh conditions that won’t slow you down when you need to move, it is best to trust our feet to footwear that is specially designed for that scenario. Fortunately, Garmont Tactical has years of experience doing just that.

Introducing the T8 Tactical Boot

Garmont has been in the footwear game since the 1960s and is known for making highly functional hiking boots and shoes. In 2008, Garmont was contacted by U.S. Special Forces and asked to create a better military boot. Garmont went to work incorporating their extensive experience and innovation in developing hiking boots, to create a military boot that had the benefits of a hiking boot and the protective qualities that the military required. The result of this process yielded the T8 family of boots and the creation of Garmont Tactical. The T8 was designed for comfort and breathability during extended wear, while also providing top-of-the-line traction in numerous operation terrains and ensure superior ankle protection.

The innovation did not stop with the first versions of the T8. Since its inception, Garmont Tactical has continued the Garmont’s legacy of innovation by producing several versions of the T8 and have introduced several new tactical boots to their lineup to meet the evolving needs of military and law enforcement personnel.

Many Applications

Garmont Tactical’s widespread adoption throughout military and police forces clearly shows their dedication to producing a premium battle-ready boot, but these boots have a lot of practicality beyond the battlefield.

  • First Responders: Both volunteer and career first responders have a need for protective footwear that won’t slow them down when split-second decisions matter.
  • Security Professionals: Those in the security field can find themselves on their feet for long periods of time and will face situations where moving quickly, scaling obstacles, and operating on varied terrain is essential.
  • Shooting Sports: Enthusiasts can benefit from a durable and protective boot, especially when training classes and events take them beyond the bench.
  • Outdoors: Not all outdoors people stay on the trail. Thanks to Garmont’s roots in outdoor footwear, search-and-rescue teams, state and federal parks employees, hunters, and anyone else who ventures into the wilderness can maintain the benefits of a hiking boot with the upgraded protection of a tactical boot.
  • Emergency Preparedness: During a natural or human-caused emergency, the ability to move quickly over varied terrain for long distances can be vital to surviving the situation. Having a solid pair of tactical boots can help accomplish that goal and protect the wearer’s feet while doing it.

Choosing the Right T8 Tactical Boot

We tested four different variants of Garmont Tactical’s T8 boots built for different circumstances. Each boot was tested in varied environments through multiple seasons and weather conditions. We break down the features and benefits of each. All of Garmont Tactical’s T8 boots feature 8-inch height, non-reflective hardware, and suede/leather and nylon construction.

T8 Defense Tactical Boot

T8 Defense: Maximum Foot Protection

The T8 Defense is the latest member of the T8 family. Based on the original T8 boot design, the Defense incorporates the addition of D30 impact-resistant material throughout the boot to protect the wearer and reduce shock impact on the feet. For those unfamiliar with D30 technology, it is widely used for motorcycle, athletic, and military protective gear due to its lightweight impact and vibration resistance —­ it has also been used in electronic equipment.

D30 is incorporated into the ankle and tongue of the T8 Defense to help protect the most sensitive areas of the foot from blunt-force impacts. Garmont has also utilized D30 in the footbed to reduce the effects of impact while on the move. The result makes the T8 Defense one of the most comfortable boots I have worn for extended periods. During my testing, I had the T8 Defense boots on for upward of 16 hours per day and covered many miles with less foot fatigue than other boots I have worn.

The Defense is a breathable boot, which was welcome during the 95-plus-degree days. I was surprised at how breathable there in the intense heat and direct sunlight despite being made primarily of black leather.

While the Defense is not rated as waterproof, it stands up fine to light rain for a few hours, but I would not be looking to stand in deep puddles or attempt to move across a shallow creek and expect to stay dry.

The Vibram outsole provides an excellent grip in wet and dry conditions in both urban and wilderness environments while providing good stability. The T8 Defense is stiff to provide support, but not so stiff that fast movement is impaired.

Finally, when it comes to weight, the T8 Defense is not what I would consider a lightweight boot, but they are not heavy either. They are lighter on the feet when compared to an average work boot and a touch heavier compared to a hiking boot.

Overall, the T8 Defense was a comfortable boot that provides excellent support for your foot and ankle during all-day wear and covering significant distances at varied paces. The T8 Defense is available in regular or wide sizes in both the black leather LEO version and the tan military version.

T8 Extreme Evo Tactical boot

T8 Extreme Evo GTX: Warm and Waterproof

The T8 Extreme Evo line was developed to incorporate a cold weather boot into the Garmont Tactical lineup. Two variations were made — one with 200-gram Thinsulate and a second with Gortex waterproof material. As I frequent the wet woodlands in New England, I opted to evaluate the Gortex variant.
Gortex provides breathable waterproofing, and while it doesn’t breathe as well as a boot without a waterproof lining, it is far more breathable alternative to waterproofing like sealed boots made from some kind of rubber material. Gortex will aid in heat retention, though not as much as Thinsulate.

The Evo Extreme GTX was my go-to boot the entirety of this past winter, and I found when combined with wool socks, they did a great job of keeping my feet warm while trudging through the snow and ice — both while in a suburban environment and while navigating the frozen woodlands. The waterproofing held up very well even when moving through shallow running water or standing in slushy standing water.
The Vibram outsoles provide an excellent grip in all conditions and perform exceptionally well in wet woodland environments. The addition of Ortholite insoles aided in comfort during all-day use and collecting serious milage out in the woods.

Like the T8 Defense, I found the Extreme Evo to be very supportive during wear, with an appropriate amount of stiffness to handle uneven terrain but not hinder fast movement when needed.

T8 extreme evo sole

Despite being a boot designed for colder weather, when combined with the appropriate sock to manage foot moisture, the EVO Extreme GTX is a good option for navigating wet environments across all seasons.
The Extreme Evo GTX is noticeably heavier when compared to the T8 Defense, but that is expected when incorporating the Gortex waterproofing. Despite that, the boots do not feel overly heavy on the feet and are comfortable for extended wear in harsh conditions.

Overall, The T8 Extreme Evo GTX is a great option for cold and wet weather, especially when operating in uneven and rocky terrain. Like the other T8 variants, the Extreme Evo is available in regular and wide sizing. As of the time of writing, the Extreme Evo line is only available in the tan military coloring.

T8 Athena Tactical boot

T8 Athena: A Specialized Women’s Tactical Boot

The T8 Athena is one of the most unique boots in the Garmont Tactical lineup. While many boot manufacturers make tactical boots in women’s sizing, Garmont is currently the only tactical boot on the market that is built from the ground up for women. The T8 Athena is specifically designed for a woman’s anatomical foot structure.

Women have a slightly shorter Achilles’ tendon, a narrow more pronounced arch, less foot muscle density, and weight distribution on the front of the foot when compared to men. While women can wear a tactical boot that was designed for men, having a boot that is built with these differences in mind will increase comfort and performance and reduce fatigue and injury.

The T8 Athena features the same lightweight breathability found in the T8 Defense with a slightly less rigid outsole for increased mobility and comfort over extended wear. The Athena uses Garmont’s proprietary Diamante outsole designed for comfort when navigating uneven terrain and prioritizes traction in ascent and descent scenarios.

t8 Athena Sole

My wife assisted me in the testing of the T8 Athena in the same conditions as the T8 Defense. Her feedback: The Athena was the most comfortable boots she had worn and she preferred them to some of her other technical footwear for the increased mobility and support they provided. Like the Defense, the Athena held up to light rain for an extended time and remained breathable and comfortable in 95-plus-degree temperatures. She found them comfortable for all-day wear during an extended outdoor event and while attending woodland-based training classes.

Like the other T8 variants, the Athena is available in both regular and wide sizes. The Athena is available in both black LE and tan military variants. The T8 Athena has become a mainstay of her footwear lineup for outdoor and strenuous tasks.

t8 falcon tactical boot


T8 Falcon: The Official Boot of Undisclosed

The T8 Falcon is a lightweight variant of the T8 that is designed for speed and agility. While not waterproof, the Falcon provides incredible breathability in hot environments and dries quickly when wet.
Each participant of the Undisclosed event was issued a pair of T8 Falcon boots for the event, and they wore them throughout the training and scenario portion of the event. The Falcon’s grippy outsoles ensured positive traction when navigating uneven terrain and scaling up and down steep and rocky areas. The lightweight nature of the boots ensured all-day comfort and breathability in 90-plus-degree temperatures.

Undisclosed logo

When faced with rain, the leather and nylon construction did a good job keeping their feet dry despite not being waterproof, and the boots quickly dried out after crossing streams. The durable leather and nylon construction held up to the rigors of the event — and, best of all, the participants noted there was no break-in period needed.

The T8 Falcon is an ideal choice for those looking for lightweight foot protection that won’t slow you down or impact the wearers agility. The Falcon is only available in the military tan colorway.

Final Thoughts

As an outdoors person, preparedness enthusiast, and someone who takes part in a wide range of tactical and survival training programs, I can give the Garmont Tactical T8 lineup my seal of approval. I place a high value on functional technical footwear. I spend a lot of time in the woods hiking, camping, and training. While hiking boots are a great option for navigating the trail, they lack the versatility, durability, and load-bearing capacity found in tactical boots. In this case, I feel like Garmont gives you the best of both worlds.

The T8 variants we evaluated all provided great traction in a variety of conditions in the wilderness but performed equally as well in urban and suburban environments. The tread on all variants have held up very well both on and off the trail, something not often found in your typical hiking boot where pavement can quickly wear down hikers.

The added support found in the T8’s was welcome when moving with heavier loads, leading to far less discomfort and swelling compared to a light hiking shoe. Outside of the woods, the support also helps when on your feet all day both just standing and when doing a good deal of walking.

When compared to a typical work boot, the difference is night and day. The T8 boots fit better, provide more support, and weigh significantly less. They also have better traction in wet and oily conditions found in some industrial circumstances.

If you are looking for a rugged, durable, highly versatile pair of boots, the Garmont Tactical T8 lineup has great options with specific models boasting specialty features that may fit your needs. If you are like me and have wide feet, you will be happy with the addition of wide sizing and the roomy toe boxes. Finally, the addition of the anatomically designed Athena is a game changer for women who want or need a tactical boot, and we hope to see this expand to other aspects of the Garmont Tactical lineup.

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Blades for any Challenge

Knives are among humanity’s oldest tools, serving as companions for cooking, hunting, utility, and combat. While the first knives made by humans were likely all-purpose tools — modern design and production techniques have allowed knifemakers to develop tools for very specific purposes.
The VIPs at Undisclosed got their hands on several exceptional knives. Each of these knives vary in size, blade shape, materials, and more, giving each a distinct specialization in survival and tactical scenarios. Let’s dive into the details of each of the knives from Undisclosed and discuss the best roles for each knife.

Scout Feather Knife

Outdoor Element: OFFGRID Scout Feather

Outdoor Element is known for producing a wide array of outdoor survival gear, with a focus on multifunctional design features that allow each item to serve multiple functions — the Scout Feather is no exception. This compact survival knife packs an arsenal of essential survival features into a slim and easy to carry package.

Light as a Feather

Weighing in at a mere 2.3 ounces, the Scout Feather is a lightweight knife that packs a ton of functionality. The Scout Feather has a 2.75-inch VG-10 blade, which provides good edge retention, easy sharpening, and corrosion resistance when working in wet and humid environments. The spine includes jimping for positive grip retention along with a generous portion being ground to 90 degrees to easily strike a ferrocerium rod to help you get a fire started. The blade features a utilitarian saber grind that functions well in both outdoor and everyday cutting tasks.

The handle is thin and ergonomic, featuring durable G10 handle scales that will hold up well in the harshest conditions and stand the test of time. The end portion of the handle features a hex driver and comes equipped with a small reflective lanyard and 115-decibel whistle that can be utilized for signaling during an emergency.

Sheath or Portable Toolbox?

When it comes to knife sheaths, most people are looking for a high-quality sheath and easy draw. The Scout Feather accomplishes this with its Kydex sheath and adjustable pocket clip — but it also packs a whole lot more functionality. Included on the sheath is a replaceable ferro rod to help get fires started in adverse conditions and a knife sharpener to keep the Scout Feather razor sharp in the field.

scout feather knife in nature


RECOIL OFFGRID Upgrades

This special edition of the Scout Feather came with a few upgrades over the standard production model. For starters, we added glow-in-the-dark liners and a glow-in-the-dark whistle to enhance low light visibility. We also added a black coating to further enhance corrosion resistance in harsh environments.
Best Uses for the Scout Feather

The compact and ultra-light nature of the Scout Feather makes it a great option for everyday carry. When it comes to outdoor tasks, the Scout Feather packs a lot of functionality in a very light package, making it ideal for hiking and ultralight backpacking. It is easy enough to carry on your person or in your pack to serve as a very utilitarian second knife during any outdoor adventure.

URL: outdoorelement.com
MSRP: $60 (RECOIL OFFGRID variant for Undisclosed VIPs only)

Reiff Vicon Knife

Reiff Knives: Vicon

We started with an ultra-compact knife, and now we move to the opposite end of the spectrum with the Reiff Vicon, a full-sized tactical field knife. Reiff Knives has made a name in the knife industry for producing high-end, American-made outdoor and survival knives. The Vicon is their first venture into the tactical market. While the Vicon may be Reiff’s first tactical knife, they went into it with the same level of expertise, testing, and refinement that they have become known for in their outdoor lineup.

Development for the Vicon began three years ago with the collaborative input of active-duty U.S. Navy SEALs. Throughout the development and prototyping phases, early versions of the Vicon were put to the test in some the harshest conditions all over the world. The result of this elaborate prototyping and testing process is the Vicon that is now available to the public.
Robust and Versatile

The Vicon is definitely what I would consider a full-sized field knife coming in at just over 10 inches overall with a 5.2-inch blade. The blade stock is a stout 3/16-inch thick, and the total weight comes in around 9.8 ounces. The blade sports a clip point and well-done swedge design to keep the clip point’s piercing tip while providing enough “meat” to prevent tip breakage. The Vicon’s blade is made from premium CPM-Magnacut steel, which is known for its corrosion resistance, durability, and edge retention. The spine of the blade has a large section of jimping for grip and control followed by a nice section of 90-degree spine that could easily strike a ferro rod.

The handle features textured handle scales and an ergonomic contoured grip with a striking surface that doubles as a lanyard hole at the tail end that can be used to break glass and perform other blunt-force tasks.

Variety is the Spice of Life

In typical Reiff fashion, the Vicon is available in a variety of handle materials and colors to suit the user’s preferences. The Vicon can be had in tough OD green or black G10. If you are looking to maximize your grip, you can opt for the same colorways in Micarta.

The Vicon’s blade is available in three finishes — uncoated stonewash, black DLC, and coyote PVD. Magnacut is incredibly corrosion resistant, but either of the coated blades offer increased resistance. The black DLC finish creates an entirely non-reflective surface, and the coyote finish will blend better in arid environments. Both PVD and DLC coatings are considered premium coatings that are designed to withstand hard use and the test of time.
Versatile Knife, Versatile Sheath

Reiff vicon with tactical gear


The Vicon comes with a custom-made Kydex sheath, which offers numerous mounting options. The Sheath has an attached belt plate that was specifically designed to accommodate wider gunner and battle belts with an underhook design to ensure positive retention while also giving the user the ability to remove it from the belt on the fly.

Removing the plate allows for mounting on packs, plate carriers, and other webbing platforms and can accommodate other attachment options like Tek-Lok clips. The sheath also includes a retention screw that allows the user to adjust the retention to find their perfect spot between knife retention and ease of draw.

Best Uses for the Vicon

Based on the design and the minds behind it, the Vicon is an exceptional tactical knife, but this versatile knife can fit many different kits. Reiff’s heritage of robust outdoor knives has not been lost on the Vicon, and it makes an excellent survival and hunting knife. The piercing point premium steel and ergonomic design make it an excellent do-all workhorse of a knife with the added benefit of having combat knife capabilities. The Vicon fits in at camp as part of your survival kit and on the battlefield.

URL: reiffknives.com
MSRP: $435

auxiliary manufacturing pocket bowie

Auxiliary Manufacturing: Deadhead Pocket Bowie

Auxiliary Manufacturing is owned by Michael Jarvis, a custom knifemaker hailing from Nevada known for making compact tactical and defensive knives with a distinct aesthetic. His coffin handle design was inspired by historical fighting bowies and made their debut with the Pocket Bowie. The coffin handle design has since been expanded to several different blade shapes. Jarvis recently launched the Deadhead line of production knives, starting with a folding version of the Pocket Bowie and the production version of his fixed blade Pocket Bowie.

Discreet and Functional

The production Pocket Bowie maintains the same size as the custom version coming in at 6.25 inches overall with a 3-inch blade. The blade steel is 14c28n, a well-rounded stainless steel that provides good edge retention and toughness while also being very easy to sharpen. The blade is black PVD coated, providing additional corrosion resistance and reducing reflection. The spine offers enough jimping for a single finger to ensure grip and control. The clip point is reminiscent of the classic bowie, but the addition of a well-designed swedge greatly increases tip strength without sacrificing piercing capabilities.

The coffin shape of the handle combined with Auxiliary Manufacturing’s unique texture pattern provides a surprising comfortable grip despite being only 3.25 inches long. The handle scales are made from durable black G10 with black hardware, giving the Deadhead Pocket Bowie a sleek blacked-out look.

auxiliary manufacturing pocket bowie with edc gear


Multiple Mounting Options

The Deadhead Pocket Bowie ships with a well-fit Kydex sheath with an attached Tek-Lok for mounting. While Tek-Lok makes a great mounting option, the sheath can accommodate several aftermarket clips and loops, allowing the user to customize their carry system.

Best Uses for the Pocket Bowie

The Pocket Bowie is an aggressive knife. The sweeping clip point is ideal for piercing tasks, and the compact size makes it easy to carry discreetly. Combined this makes the Pocket Bowie an ideal option for a personal self-defense knife.

URL: auxiliarymanufacturing.com
MSRP: $99

Krate Tactical Ranger OTF Knife

Krate Tactical: Ranger OTF

Krate Tactical is a Veteran owned and operated U.S.-based company. Krate produces a wide array of tactical gear, including nylon goods such as pack and plate carriers, medical and trauma kits, steel targets, and a full line of out the front (OTF) knives.

OTF knives are a type of automatic knife that deploys from the center of the front of the blade and are sometimes referred to as switch blades due to the use of a front- or side-mounted switch to engage and disengage the blade. While useful, these knives face legal scrutiny in many states and jurisdictions due to laws written in the 1950s stemming from the wide-scale panic from movies. In recent years, knife laws have begun to recognize these useful tools, and many bans have been overturned.

Light, Durable, and Functional

The Krate Ranger is one of the lightest OTF knives I have had the opportunity to handle, weighing in at about 3.5 ounces. OTF knives tend to be on the heavy side because of their internal mechanics and robust metal frames. Krate does an excellent job combing high-grade aluminum and G10 for the body to keep the weight down while maintaining durability.

The ranger includes a glass breaker on the tail end of the frame that can be used in an emergency to break windows or to increase the effectiveness of blunt force striking. The deep carry pocket clip allows for comfortable and discreet carry in EDC scenarios.
The 3.5-inch blade of the ranger is made from tough D2 tool steel for maximum durability in hard-use scenarios. The Tanto-style grind is ideal for piercing tasks while maintaining reasonable tip strength.

Krate ranger OTF knife with tactical gear

Everything You Need

One of the biggest drawbacks to OTF knives is the sensitivity of the internal mechanics; dust, dirt, and grime can impact the performance of the deployment action. Fortunately, Krate includes a compact disassembly tool in the box, allowing for quick maintenance to keep your OTF running at peak performance when you need it most.

What is the Ranger Good For?

The Ranger makes an excellent EDC knife due to its light weight and easy carry. In emergency and tactical situations, the Ranger’s easy one-handed opening and closing allows the user to deploy the blade quickly and efficiently without effort or occupying a second hand. This is particularly important in a situation where your other hand is otherwise occupied or unusable.

URL: kratetactical.com
MSRP: $160

Undisclosed logo

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Between River and Sky: Recounting a Jungle Expedition

Embers from the fire glowed like the eyes of some ancient animal, watching from the shadows. A few candles guttered in the damp air, their halos of light swaying whenever a breath of wind slipped through the gaps in the canopy. Beyond the circle of light, the jungle was a black wall, the hum of insects and frogs muffled by the stillness of the hour.

Beside me sat Quini, a Matis elder whose numerous piercings gave his face the fierce visage of a jaguar. He leaned forward, elbows on his knees, and spoke in a voice so soft I had to tilt my head toward him. His words moved in a rolling current of vowels and consonants that I didn’t understand, yet the rhythm alone carried a weight that pressed me to listen harder.

Phillip, an indispensable member of our expedition, translated the story in fragments as the interpretation unfolded. Quini was telling his story of first contact — of the day strangers came from beyond the forest. Some arrived with gifts, tools, and goodwill. Others came to take. His people had seen kindness and cruelty from the outsiders, sometimes within the same season, sometimes from the same hands.

Someone in our group asked how they were able to forgive some of the terrible trespasses committed against them. And then Quini spoke the line that has stayed with me since, “We did not judge the many by the evil of a few.”

For me, the words cut through the night like the crack of a branch underfoot. In a world quick to brand entire groups as guilty for the actions of a handful, that kind of grace felt almost revolutionary. I had come here to learn survival skills, but I was starting to realize that the deepest lessons in the jungle weren’t about shelter, fire, or food.

Amazon jungle tribesman

Ticuna tribesman, Alberto, makes living in the jungle look like a walk in the park. His tutelage throughout the expedition was always enlightening. (Photo Credit: Phillip Irizarry)

Journey to the Edge

It was impossible to imagine that moment when I first set out from home.

The floor of Bogotá’s El Dorado International Airport was cold against my back as I tried to stretch out between a wall and my pack. It was just after midnight, and around me, other travelers lay draped across their luggage, arms and shoes tucked under straps as makeshift security. I had a handful of hours to catch a few winks before my connecting flight to Leticia. Sleep came in scraps, broken by the crackle of the PA system and the rolling clatter of carts on tile. Before long, I was up and meeting the rest of my expeditionary group in the security line. We had been cobbled together by Bushcraft Global, an outfitter with the right connections in Amazonia to make this kind of adventure happen.

Peter Magnin, a jungle veteran who has been on over a dozen trips like this, introduces himself to us as our main guide.

By the time I boarded our connecting plane south, the morning light was rising over the horizon. From the window, Bogotá’s sprawl quickly gave way to open land, then to an unbroken carpet of green that stretched in every direction. The rivers below cut through it in wide brown arcs, the sunlight catching the surface like strips of tarnished copper.

Leticia sits where Colombia meets Brazil and Peru, a border city that can’t be reached by road. Disembarking the plane, the air was thick and warm the moment I stepped onto the tarmac. The greenhouse scent of damp earth mingled with the exhaust of motorbikes buzzing through the streets. Our group assembled at the Tanimboca Nature Reserve, a few kilometers outside the city. Here we got to know Goran, owner of the reserve, whose main goal is bridging our world with the one we were about to enter.

The first two days were for acclimation. We stayed in palm-thatched cabins elevated on stilts, the screen walls keeping out most — but not all — of the night’s curious visitors. Spider monkeys chattered from the branches above, their tails swinging like pendulums as they eyed us from a safe distance.

Amazon Jungle tribesman elder

Matis elder, Quini, demonstrates how to set a spring trap large enough to catch a taipan. (Photo Credit: Mike Condict)

We trained in the canopy that first day, climbing a rope to a platform 30 meters above the forest floor. From there, zip lines and rope bridges carried us between trees until we descended again by belay. The air up there was different, less dense, but still hot enough to stifle the lungs with each breath. Every muscle worked harder in the humidity, every drop of sweat refusing to evaporate. That was the point though, to teach our bodies what they’d be working against in the days to come.

That night, we hiked into the forest with a Witoto guide who showed us his “jungle EDC:” a small knife, headlamp, and several small pouches containing mambé, a powdered coca leaf mixture taken to sharpen the mind and, in his tradition, to honor the jungle. In the light of our headlamps, the forest revealed itself in pieces: the jewel-toned body of a tree frog clinging to a leaf, the eerie green glow of a scorpion under ultraviolet light, the jointed legs of a wandering spider disappearing into shadow.

On the second day, we wandered the markets of Leticia, buying machetes and fishing spears. Locals smiled when we tried our limited Spanish, often correcting us gently with a laugh. By evening, the indigenous members who would accompany our group had arrived from upriver: Victor, a representative of the Ticuna tribe; Quini, a Matis tribal elder; Tupa, a gifted Matis craftswoman; and her preteen son Tumi. Under Victor’s guidance, we shared our first rapeh ceremony together, the herbaceous powder burning through my sinuses like a fuse, clearing my head in a rush of light and heat. Quini’s smile afterward told me that joining their customs from the start meant more than I understood at the time.
The next morning, the roads ended. The jungle began.

The Long Walk In

The truck dropped us off at a rough track that ended in tangled undergrowth. We linked up Alberto of the Yucuna tribe who would be graciously hosting all of us on his tribal land. Juaneho Cuéllor, our camp cook for the next eight days, was there as well. Last-minute gear was stowed, packs were shouldered, and we began the three-hour hike into the interior.

It was slightly cooler beneath the triple canopy, but not by much. The heat was the kind that presses down on your shoulders and seeps into your bones. Humidity wrapped itself around me like a wet blanket. My clothes clung to my skin within minutes. The air smelled of leaf litter, loam, and the faint sweetness of something flowering nearby.

Amazon Jungle Tribeswoman and traveler

Talented Matis craftswoman, Tupa, and intrepid traveler Michael Burkus, share a laugh while making pottery from river clay. (Photo Credit: Phillip Irizarry)

The soundscape shifted as we went deeper. What little noise pollution existed this far from Leticia quickly faded, replaced by the rasp of insects and the occasional throaty call of a bird I couldn’t name. Sounds traveled surprisingly far, and our native guides spoke quietly to avoid disturbing the peace. Every so often, the path narrowed to the point where we had to turn sideways, pushing through vines that clung to the fabric of our clothes.

A Yucuna village emerged from the forest where the air smelled of woodsmoke and roasting cassava. Surrounding the village, large gardens were planted in the shade of young trees, the result of slash-and-burn cycles timed to the forest’s rhythm. Alberto pointed out crops tucked beneath the canopy, shielded from the equatorial sun until they were ready to thrive on their own.

By the time we reached the river bend that would be our camp, my legs felt heavy but alive. Hammocks went up between trees, each with its own tarp roof. A tributary snaked past, its surface dimpled by insects, hiding stingrays, caiman and otters beneath.

That first night, under the triple canopy’s darkness, I saw the forest floor glowing. Fallen leaves had been colonized by bioluminescent fungus, each emitting a pale green light. It was like standing above a second night sky, stars scattered at my feet.

Goran

Founder of the Tanimboca Nature Reserve, Goran, was our liaison between city and jungle. None of this would have happened without his expertise.

Learning the Jungle’s Language

Peter showed us how to swing a machete so the blade did the work instead of our shoulders. He made us practice until the motion was clean and efficient. Quini introduced us to the medicinal plant achote, smearing the cool red paste across our faces. It carried the faint scent of fresh earth and stained the skin until the next wash.

Alberto led us upriver to gather materials: black palm for blowgun barrels, palm leaves for weaving, and burro vines for lashings. He found palm heart in the wild, slicing it free with a practiced hand and passing around the tender, coconut-flavored core. Quini found a resin, quick to catch fire, and capable of many other uses.

Back in camp, Tupa taught us to weave baskets from palm fronds. Her hands moved with effortless precision, each strip folding over the next in steady rhythm. She also guided our group through the days-long process of making pottery from mud found near the edge of the river. Alberto mentored the group on how to construct a Yucuna-style blowgun, sew machete sheathes from tree bark, and creating simple-but-effective fishing bows.

Each night, the river called us back, sometimes for bathing, sometimes for fishing. Spear fishing in the dark was nerve-wracking. The riverbank was slick, stingrays could be underfoot, and occasionally the beam of a headlamp would catch the gleam of caiman eyes.
The jungle rewarded patience. Move too fast and you missed everything that mattered.

Amazon Guide

While our group was out exploring the jungle, Juaneho ensured everyone was well fed when we returned to camp. (Photo Credit: Phillip Irizarry)

Ceremonies of Endurance

Rituals came without fanfare, woven into the fabric of each day.
Rapeh was the most frequent, a reminder to clear the mind and align intention before entering the forest. For me, it felt like a mental sharpening stone, stripping away the fog.

Tribeman dressed as demon

Dressed as the “Mariwin,” a forest demon, Quini would be nearly invisible if not for the red clay mask disguising his face.

The Sanaga ceremony, an eye-drop made from another important medicinal plant, came before a hunt. The root tincture burned so intensely I had to clench my jaw, blinking against the tears. In that moment, I was instructed to speak the traits I wanted during the upcoming hunt: the sharp gaze of a hawk, the patience of an anaconda, the ferocity of a jaguar. When the burn eased, the forest looked as if someone had adjusted the contrast, colors richer, shadows deeper.

On our penultimate day, Quini emerged from the tree line transformed, skin blackened with charcoal, red clay mask, ferns tied to his limbs. He was dressed as the “mariwin,” a demon of the forest. In silence, he struck each of us with palm spines until they broke the skin. The sting was immediate, but so was the surge of energy that followed. In their villages, this was performed on a regular basis, for children, elders, everyone. Pain was a teacher, and the lesson here was that the mind could overcome the fear of it.
Some marks were permanent. On one morning, we were given the option of receiving a tattoo, ink made of charred resin, dual palm spines the needle. I chose to accept it, three simple lines, a symbol of acceptance into this close-knit group of travelers.

Not every bond needed a ritual.

In Alberto’s “moloca” — a large palm thatched building for the tribe to gather — a tuxedo cat wound around my legs as I stood in the building’s cool shade. I knelt to scratch its head, and a small Yucuna girl joined me. She said nothing, just smiled, her tiny hand brushing the cat’s fur alongside mine. We didn’t need translation for that moment.

Getting a Matis tattoo was an option that some of us took advantage of. We received the tat on our arms, but the Matis typically have them on their cheeks and foreheads.

Around the fire, conversations ebbed and flowed in interesting directions. A question in Spanish answered in Portuguese, translated into English, then back again into Portuguese or Matis. We laughed as much at the misfires as at the jokes.

One night we ate stingray, its meat tender and salty, like pulled pork from the river. Another day brought grilled grubs, their outer skins crisp, the inside nutty and rich. On our last morning Alberto had harvested a small caiman from the river for breakfast. I learned that in the jungle, trying something new wasn’t only about the experience, it was also a sign of trust.

scorpion in the amazon jungle

Above: Creatures, like this scorpion, that would be next to impossible to see under the illumination of a headlamp, show themselves in stark contrast under a UV light. (Photo Credit: Jamie Boggs)

What the West Gets Wrong

Danger shapes the common Western view of the jungle — snakes that can kill with a single bite, insects that spread disease, predators lurking in the water. Those threats exist, but they’re not the whole truth.
Rather than unmitigated chaos, the jungle is order of a different kind. Every plant, every animal, every sound has a place and a meaning if you’re willing to learn it. The people who thrive there move through it with an awareness that most of us never develop. They don’t rush. They don’t force. They wait for the right moment because they know the wrong one can be fatal.

I learned that lesson firsthand on the riverbank at night, spear in hand. The mud was slick, the water hiding all manner of dangers under the silt. One misplaced step could have meant serious injury. My instinct was to move quickly, to cover more ground, but I forced myself to slow, placing each foot deliberately. When I matched the pace of the locals, I began to see more — the shimmer of fish just under the surface or the wandering spider lurking near the bank.

Peter Magnin with a caught stingray

Our primary guide, Peter Magnin, stands triumphantly over a freshly caught stingray. It made for a tasty dinner!

Even as someone with a background in survival and preparedness, I realized that my training had been built around goals: Find water, build shelter, make fire. Here, the goal was to exist within the environment without breaking its rhythm. That mindset shift is one I’ve carried home, because it applies everywhere. Rushing is rarely the best way forward.

Technology is inexorably changing that relationship. Starlink dishes and cell phones are appearing in villages that once communicated only by runner or river. Younger generations leave for cities, trading the knowledge of their elders for the speed of modern life. These cultures are still here, still vital, but the window to learn from them firsthand is narrowing.

After the Jungle

Leaving the jungle wasn’t a clean break. We packed camp in the morning under a sky heavy with the first real rain of the trip. It fell in steady sheets, drumming on the tarps and splashing into the river. Goran tells us the jungle is sad that we are leaving. Hiking back to the road took half the time of our journey in, our bodies had finally adapted to the heat and humidity. Still, stepping into open ground felt strange after days under the canopy.

The truck that picked us up stopped at a roadside shop where chilled beer waited in sweating cans. It was the first cold drink we had in over a week, and it tasted like victory. Back at Tanimboca, we had lunch and said goodbye to our indigenous guides. Before we went our separate ways, through Phillips’ translation, Quini said, “Because of airplanes, the distance between us isn’t that far. We’ll always be just a few hours away.” It was a bittersweet moment that punctuated just how kindly we had been treated by our hosts over the course of the trip.

jungle tribes people making plant medicine

Villagers assist us as we toast coca leaves to make mambé, a ceremonial mix of herbs used to honor their ancestors and the jungle itself. (Photo Credit: Jamie Dakota aka “Chuii”)

That evening, we went into Leticia to watch the green parrots. Thousands of them fly in from the jungle at dusk every single day at the same time, filling the trees in the central park with a living, chattering canopy. From there, we wandered into the Three Frontiers festival that just happened to be taking place at the time. Street vendors sold grilled meats, fried plantains, and ice cream. Music spilled from every corner.
The next day, we took a boat up the Amazon River to Monkey Island. Along the way, we spotted gray dolphins leaping through the current, and — if I wasn’t mistaken — the rolling pink back of a river dolphin breaking the surface.

On our last night, Goran hosted a farewell feast at the Reserve. Juaneho prepared Colombian barbecue, smoky and rich, while locals performed traditional dances to the beat of exciting music. The air was thick with the smell of food, drinks, and the raucous sounds of new friends sharing their most exciting moments of the trip.

Always Close

Saying our goodbyes was more than a farewell. It was a reminder that closeness isn’t measured in miles, but in shared moments, mutual respect, and the willingness to step into each other’s worlds without judgment.

tribesman and guides

From left to right: Tumi, Tupa, and Quini of the Matis; adventurer and elected expedition interpreter, Phillip Irizarry; Ticuna tribesman and Tanimboca guide, Victor. All of whom helped make this expedition unforgettable. (Photo Credit: Phillip Irizarry)

If you’ve ever dreamed of pushing past the edges of your comfort zone, of learning survival not from books, but from people whose lives are woven into the land itself, you don’t have to imagine it. This journey was made possible by Bushcraft Global and the Tanimboca Nature Reserve, two teams dedicated to connecting people with the wild in ways that are authentic, challenging, and transformative. These organizations not only teach modern adventurers the skills to thrive in extreme environments, but also ensure that the traditions, stories, and techniques of those communities are respected and preserved.
For me, this trip began as a survival adventure and ended as something far deeper.

It quickly became a lesson in humility, patience, and reciprocity. For anyone willing to take the leap, the Amazon is still there, waiting to teach. Some lessons you can’t learn in books, on screens, or in classrooms. Some truths only reveal themselves in the glow of a dying fire, in the soft-spoken language of an elder, deep in a green cathedral that has endless wisdom to share.

Read More From Issue 70

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Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Challenge Facilitates Capability

Our mission at RECOIL OFFGRID is simple to say and hard to fulfill. We pass along knowledge, wisdom, and experience from people who have done the work in real conditions. We do this to help you make better choices when the power fails, when a stranger tests a boundary, when the trail runs longer than planned, or when a storm changes your map. If one lesson in these pages shifts your mindset or your preparation in a way that protects your life or the life of someone you love, we call that success.

To honor that mission, we do more than write about challenge. We go where the learning happens. This year we launched Undisclosed, RECOIL OFFGRID’s first adventure training experience. We invited a small group of VIPs who met strict criteria. They entered a landscape of uncertainty by design. Time pressure forced clear thinking, misdirection probed their assumptions, and physical tasks exposed weak links and revealed strengths. Each graduate left with practical tools and a steadier mind. The gains looked different from person to person, but the common outcome was a commitment to keep training.

We also traveled deep into the Amazon to learn from the people who live there. Our indigenous guides taught with quiet precision. We learned how to move, how to listen, and how to let the jungle teach us. The lesson that stayed with us was humility. Mindset steers everything, and respect opens doors that force cannot. We returned with calloused hands, ruined socks, and pages of notes to share.

This issue gathers those efforts and turns them into something you can apply. You will find our Mission Ready Gear Up column, featuring a set of tools we trust because we tried to break them. A bevy of training is covered from a variety of instructors with diverse backgrounds. Our review of Fixing Your Feet is a guide we used during these experiences to ensure we could remain comfortably in motion.

All of this lives under the same idea. Challenge arrives on its own schedule, but preparation is a choice you make today. You can sign up for a class. You can practice in low light. You can walk in the rain and learn how your kit behaves. You can turn a list of gear into a set of tools you know well. You can learn one skill that closes a gap in your plan. None of this requires a grand moment. It requires intention.

Here is my ask as you read this issue. Pick one thing you can act on this week. Make an honest assessment of your physical capabilities and take steps to improve it. Build a foot care kit and put it where you can reach it. Run a dry practice session with a clear goal. Walk a new route home and note the blind corners. Write down a checklist for your family and tape it inside a cabinet. All of these small moves add up.

Thank you for trusting us with your time. We learn in the field so you can learn at home, on the trail, or at work. If one idea here gives you an edge when it matters, the mission holds. Read, train, share what you learn, and bring someone along. Capability spreads person to person. That is how resilient communities grow. See you out there!

Read More From Issue 70

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Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Grid Down Comms

In 2025, the simplicity of communication barely registers as a thought. Imagine your ancestors from a century ago learning about the information and communication potential of the phone in your pocket. The idea that global communication could be so effortless would leave them dumbfounded. These capabilities are easy to take for granted — right up until they’re gone.

As long as the cellular infrastructure holds, communication isn’t much of a concern. It remains the easiest and most widely accessible link to the outside world. But anyone who has lived through even a brief outage knows how fast things can go sideways. So, what happens when the usual networks go dark? Few places are safe from natural disasters, and even fewer could avoid the effects of a cyberattack, EMP, or solar flare, all capable of crippling modern communication. A little forethought and planning can make a big difference when the grid goes down.

Importance and Fundamentals

Think about all the ways you communicate in a single day. It’s mind-boggling — family group texts, work emails, social media, even ordering takeout — handled with almost no effort. Now take away your cell phone and landline. Add a disaster to the mix. What’s your plan?

Some basic forms of communication don’t require any technology, whistles, flares, a signaling mirror, or even pen and paper. Low-tech or no-tech methods have clear limitations, but for the sake of this article, let’s move beyond them. Let’s assume you have access to power, even if it’s through alternative sources like solar, wind, a generator, or a battery bank. That opens the door to radio communication.

Anyone familiar with radio comms knows there’s gear to buy, licenses to get, and rules to follow. Radios range from simple line-of-sight walkie-talkies to satellite rigs and everything in between. Generally, the more powerful the system, the more complex the equipment and licensing. That said, it is widely accepted and even stated by the FCC that in a true emergency, the rules no longer apply. If someone’s life or property is in danger, you can use whatever means you have to call for help. Still, it is not always as simple as flipping a switch and getting an immediate response. There are some basics worth knowing and plenty of ways to build comfort and capability before a crisis puts you to the test.

Weather radio for one way comms

Weather radios, like the Midland ER50, provide critical alerts that go beyond weather. All Hazards alerts include Amber alerts, evacuation notices, and other civil emergencies.

Receive Only

Most people are familiar with weather radios. They’ve been a long-standing staple for disaster preparedness and staying aware of changing conditions. While many run on batteries, most also include solar charging or a hand crank, giving you the ability to stay informed when other communication methods stop working.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), through the NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards network, uses seven channels to broadcast continuous updates and alerts. These broadcasts are transmitted through more than 1,000 stations across all 50 states and beyond. Many weather radios include Specific Area Message Encoding, which lets you filter alerts to only those affecting your area. Even if you have other communication tools on hand, a reliable weather radio should still be considered essential.

Two way radio communication devices

Communities often band together and develop a communications plan using GMRS radios to coordinate notifications and needs.

2-Way Comms

The phone in your pocket is an unmatched tool for communication and information, as long as it has power and a signal. Lose either and its usefulness drops fast, especially for staying in touch. (We’ll cover the satellite communication options now appearing on some phones later.) Whether the towers are down, you’re outside of coverage, or the network is overloaded, you’ll need alternatives in your communications plan. If you’re not familiar with radio terminology, here are a few options worth knowing and what they actually mean.

Family Radio Service

  • Cost: $
  • Max Watts: 2
  • Range: 1 to 2 miles
  • License Required: No

The first level of two-way communication radios are Family Radio Service (FRS) radios. They’re simple and inexpensive. If you’re picturing your kid’s Spiderman walkie-talkies, you’re thinking of FRS radios. Some models look more tactical and less like toys, but they operate the same way.

A basic push-to-talk button lets you transmit on any of the 22 available channels. Because they have fixed antennas, FRS radios are short range with no real way to boost their reach. They’re mostly line-of-sight and are commonly used around the house, in neighborhoods, at festivals, or during events where organizers need direct communication.

The available channels give you some flexibility, but they use shared frequencies, which can get crowded if many people are transmitting nearby. One major advantage of FRS radios is that they require no license. They have a role in any communications plan as long as you understand their limitations.

Citizens Band

  • Cost: $$
  • Max Watts: 4 watts
  • Range: 3 to 7 miles
  • License Required: No

If you’re Gen X or familiar with big trucks, you probably know about a popular low-cost, low-power radio: the Citizens Band (CB) radio. CB radios are the Wild West of communication. Rules exist, but they’re rarely followed. Still, they offer a simple, mobile option for short-range comms and are especially appealing to those who want to avoid licensing.

The beauty of a CB is its simplicity — no network, no data, no text messaging, and no subscription. Just pick a channel and push to talk. Aside from the cost of the radio itself, they’re free to use. The downside is limited range. Depending on terrain and antenna setup, you can expect about three to seven miles. CBs are also known for static and crowded frequencies. While some see them as outdated, their proven reliability in short-range scenarios keeps them relevant.

General Mobile Radio Service

Portable

  • Cost: $
  • Max Watts: 5
  • Range: 3 to 5 miles
  • License Required: Yes

Mobile

  • Cost: $$
  • Max Watts: 50
  • Range: 5 to 35 miles
  • License Required: Yes

Overlanders, neighborhood response groups, radio hobbyists, and sometimes event staff or small businesses often rely on General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) radios. While GMRS does require a license, getting one is easy and affordable. There’s no exam, the fee is $35, and the license is good for 10 years. Best of all, it covers your entire family.

GMRS radios are more powerful than FRS, with output up to 50 watts depending on your setup. They can also use repeaters, which significantly extend range. GMRS shares the same 22 channels as FRS, plus eight additional repeater channels. They’re versatile, useful in many situations, and can be surprisingly budget friendly.

It’s worth noting that GMRS is where things start to get a little more involved than just powering on and pressing a button. With more frequencies comes the challenge of finding someone to talk to. From this point forward, it helps to know how your radio works, where to listen, and to have a prearranged plan with others about how and when to make contact.

Mobile Ham Radio

A mobile ham radio can be mounted inside a vehicle and used for short, medium, and long-range communication on the move during a disaster, cyberattack, or other event that cripples common communication methods.

Ham

Portable

  • Cost: $
  • Max Watts: 5
  • Range: 5 miles – global (depending on equipment)
  • License Required: Yes

Mobile

  • Cost: $$
  • Max Watts: 100
  • Range: 50 miles – global (depending on equipment)
  • License Required: Yes

Base Station

  • Cost: $$$
  • Max Watts: 1500
  • Range: Literally outer space
  • License Required: Yes

Some call it a hobby, others call it a lifestyle. Amateur radio, or ham radio, is where range, cost, licensing, and technical skill come together. These radios offer a serious upgrade across the board. Historically, ham radios have earned their reputation as a vital method of communication during large-scale disasters. When traditional infrastructure fails, ham operators have stepped in to transmit and receive crucial information.

Ham radios don’t rely on cell towers or the internet. They operate independently, used by individuals who are licensed through the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). That said, there’s a real learning curve. To pass the required exam, users must understand regulations, operating practices, and some electronics. Once licensed, operators can choose from a wide range of radios and antennas to tailor their setup to specific needs. These systems can use repeaters to send and receive signals across vast distances, sometimes even globally.

In a disaster, a ham radio may be your best shot at contacting someone outside your immediate area. The reach is impressive. Even if you don’t transmit, being able to receive information can make a huge difference in a critical situation. And you’re not alone. Once licensed, you can connect with organized groups that focus on emergency radio support. The Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) is made up of volunteers who provide communications before, during, and after incidents, declared or not. Another option is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES), which can be activated by government officials during a crisis. The key difference is that ARES operates year-round, while RACES is only active during officially declared emergencies.

satellite communications devices

There are several commercially available devices that utilize the Iridium satellite network, which utilizes 66 satellites to offer global coverage for communication, tracking, and SOS purposes.

Satellite Comms

Once reserved for the military or the ultra-wealthy, satellite communication (satcom) has evolved and is now edging into the mainstream. Those who travel off-grid have used satcom for years. With a subscription, companies like Garmin and ZOLEO offer GPS tracking, two-way messaging, and SOS features. Satellite phones are also widely available, though they tend to be expensive and require ongoing subscriptions. More recently, satcom capabilities have reached consumer smartphones. The iPhone 14 and newer, as well as some newer models of Google Pixel and Samsung Galaxy, now include basic satellite communication features.

A common misconception is that satcom systems work independently of ground infrastructure. In reality, most still rely on terrestrial ground stations to route signals to and from satellites. For example, Starlink operates through a growing network of more than 150 ground stations worldwide, with more in development.

Right now, satellite communication is the most geographically flexible option for those without a ham radio license who still need to reach help, update loved ones, or send critical information. These systems don’t rely on internet or cell service, so damaged or overloaded infrastructure won’t shut them down. Still, satcom signals can be disrupted by buildings, dense vegetation, or heavy cloud cover. Cost, subscription fees, and limited two-way functionality have been long-standing drawbacks, but those barriers are shrinking fast.

Mesh Networks

One form of communication that’s growing in popularity is the grassroots-style mesh network. A mesh network operates without cell towers or internet access. Instead, devices — or “nodes” — communicate peer-to-peer, passing messages from one device to another. A single transmission can hop across multiple nodes to reach its destination.

Aside from latency issues and the requirement that devices must be powered on to function as nodes, mesh networks have a lot going for them. They’re decentralized and self-healing, meaning if one node drops out, the message simply reroutes through others. Adding more devices doesn’t bog the system down — it actually extends its reach.

down mobile communication tower

Cellular infrastructure has become so ubiquitous in the United States that we are often stunned when it goes down or becomes overwhelmed. Having alternative means of communicating with friends, family, or emergency personnel is one of the most important preps you can make.

Building Your Comms Plan

A communication plan should be proactive, not reactive. No matter the crisis scenario, your overall preparedness strategy needs to include communication tools beyond just a cell phone and a weather radio. While both are valuable, your toolkit should be broader and more adaptable.

One widely used method for building a solid communication plan comes from the military: the PACE model. PACE stands for Primary, Alternate, Contingency, and Emergency. If you’re unsure where to begin, use this as your framework. Within your own plan, determine what fits into each category and build from there.

Establish Goals

  1. Obtain equipment to receive emergency alerts, weather updates, and have a backup power supply.
  2. Determine ways to communicate with family, friends, neighbors, or emergency assistance.
  3. Establish a plan and coordinate that plan with those you intend to communicate — locally, regionally, and nationally.
  4. Practice that plan multiple times prior to a disaster to identify deficiencies.
    Disaster Comms Plan
  5. Collect names, phone numbers, and addresses of family members, important friends, and critical facilities such as schools, medical offices/centers, etc. Laminate your contact list.
  6. Begin adding communication layers. Purchase a NOAA weather radio, preferably one with a hand crank for an unlimited power supply.
  7. FRS radios can be sold individually or in multi-packs. They are inexpensive and not difficult to find. Establish a cache of FRS radios (minimum of two) for short-range communication abilities.
  8. Obtain a GMRS license and purchase radios (minimum of two). The more wattage and better the antenna, the further your reach. Learn your equipment and its limitations before the crisis.
  9. A ham radio license may be beyond the comfort level of some. If it is in your plan, numerous groups would be more than happy to help you obtain a license and welcome you into the amateur radio fold. You will need to spend a fair amount of time gaining comfort and proficiency as a ham radio operator, so join a local club and practice.
  10. Add a satcom option. Determine if your cell phone has satellite capabilities. If it does, learn them. If not, an upgrade may be in order or evaluate commercially available options such as the Garmin inReach.
  11. If the mesh network piqued your interest, research the equipment and network availability in your area. For some, there aren’t enough devices on the network for it to be practical; for others, it could be a valuable resource.
  12. Ensure you have alternative power sources for your communication options. Spare batteries, solar, and a hand-crank generator all make good options for power. Understand what best suits your needs and have those sources in place.
  13. Establish a protocol for which radios to use and the procedure. For example, if your family is separated within the neighborhood, use FRS radios and attempt to call every 10 minutes using the family code word. If a local emergency happens, use the GMRS radios and coordinate a nightly check-in with neighbors to ensure safety and determine needs.
  14. Document a communication plan for you and your family. This should include your established protocol, frequencies in which to locate each other, and a printed and laminated list of the plan and your contacts near your radios. Remember to practice often.
man holding a candle in the dark

During the midst of a comms-down scenario is not the time to be coming up with a plan. Figure out what you’ll do when times are good, and you’ll have peace of mind when times get bad.

Licensure & Privacy

Both GMRS and ham radio licenses are issued by the FCC. If privacy is a priority to you, consider using a P.O. box when registering. Call signs are issued and required when communicating. All call signs are published and searchable on the FCC website, which means anyone who hears your call sign can discover your address.

Summary

We’re all tied to a fragile system of devices, towers, and frequencies. When the grid goes down — whether from a natural disaster, man-made event, or cyberattack — the ability to call for help or connect with those nearby can change the outcome. Fortunately, modern technology allows for contingencies. Understanding your options and the equipment involved takes a proactive mindset and a willingness to invest some time. The payoff is simple: staying connected when it matters most.

Read More From Issue 69

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Check out our other publications on the web: Recoil | Gun Digest | Blade | RecoilTV | RECOILtv (YouTube)

Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.


Reading the Human Terrain

Imagine walking into a coffee shop, scanning the room, and instantly understanding who is engaged, who is uncomfortable, and who might be paying a little too much attention to you. This isn’t about mind-reading or gathering some sort of “energy.” It’s about recognizing the signals people give off and using that information to navigate the world more effectively.

Many people think of reading others as something reserved for law enforcement, security professionals, or criminal profilers. The reality is that anyone can develop this skill, and it has practical applications in everything from personal safety, business negotiations, and on to the simpler things in life like family relationships. The key is learning to observe and interpret behavioral cues in a way that helps you anticipate what’s coming next.

This ability doesn’t just keep you out of trouble. It can also help you recognize opportunities, build better relationships, and move through life with greater confidence.

open handed gesture

Open-handed conversations can occur in virtual meetings as well.

Proxemics: Understanding Group Interactions

Proxemics is the study of how people use space and distance in relation to others. While it might sound abstract, proxemics is one of the most practical and observable tools you can use in public settings to read intent, dominance, or discomfort. This domain helps you assess relationships, social roles, and potential conflicts just by paying attention to how people position themselves and interact spatially. The following are several of what I think of as “low-hanging fruit” when it comes to this study. I have used these numerous times to determine who the “decision maker” is when it comes to business negotiations as well as recognizing when my wife and I are out of sync.

man sitting cross legged

Covering of the head, crossed legs, and arms in front of torso likely indicates someone wishing to be closed off.

Push-&-Pull Movements

Push-and-pull movements are spatial indicators of comfort, trust, or disagreement. For example, when two people are engaged in conversation and face each other directly, they are likely in agreement. When one person begins to turn away or angle their body slightly to the side, they are “pushing” themselves out of the interaction. That physical withdrawal may indicate discomfort or disagreement. A pull, by contrast, might be seen when one person leans in, angles toward the other, or shortens the physical distance. This signals openness or trust.

man with hands on neck

Hands on the back of the neck can be an indicator of stress.

These signals happen naturally, and the average person notices them subconsciously. By bringing them into conscious awareness, you can make better decisions about how to respond to people in real time. This is one of the easiest to recall as well because there is such an obvious physical reaction to this. I just remember that the more someone’s back is toward me rather than their front, the more they are disconnected.

author with open hands

Open-hand conversation is one where the person is inviting you.

Identifying Leaders & Followers

Within a group, the leader is not always the loudest or the one who has formal authority. Often, they’re the person others look toward before speaking or acting. In group dynamics, people will often physically orient themselves with feet, torso, or even just a glance toward the person they subconsciously defer to.
The leader may also use a tactic called “once removed” communication, giving orders only to a lieutenant or second-in-command, who then relays the message. This distancing elevates the leader’s social status within the group. Recognizing this can help you spot high value individuals (HVI) in security scenarios or decision-makers in business settings. For those reading who want to use this as a launching point for solid business negotiations with unknown parties, this is a critical observation to make. The decision maker is key, and you should focus your attention on working with them whenever possible. Or at least reading them to know when they are pleased or not. This may be obvious, but this is an excellent battlefield observation to make. Knowing who the leader is lets you know who the “head of the snake” is for battlefield tactics.

man adjusting clothing

Upon sitting or standing, concealed carriers will often adjust their firearm.

Entourage, Mimicry & Adoration

Entourage is a formation in which one or more people follow another in a beta position. In these groupings, subordinates often show physical signs of deference. They may glance at the leader for approval, mimic their body posture, or show signs of adoration such as opening doors, standing when the leader enters, or bowing their head slightly during greetings.

Mimicry is a powerful sign of engagement. If a person crosses their legs and leans forward, and the other does the same shortly after, that is a sign of rapport. If one leans back and the other remains leaning forward, that could suggest disagreement or unease. Watch this play out at dinner tables, business meetings, or any casual social setting. The physical harmony or discord between people often mirrors their emotional states. Many years ago, when I first started into the practice of behavior analysis, I would do this sort of practice at restaurants regularly. It is a great way to people watch and see these things at play from one end of the spectrum to the other.

man exiting building

Scanning the environment especially at funnel spots, like common doors, is a sign of someone who is keyed into the awareness.

Cultural Considerations

Cultural norms affect proxemic cues. In North America, social distance tends to be greater than in places like the Middle East or Latin America. Knowing this can help you avoid misreading closeness as a sign of aggression or distance as a sign of disinterest.

In international contexts, be aware that certain gestures, like showing the bottom of your foot, can be deeply offensive. For many years I taught traditional martial arts and combatives. I will never forget training with an incredibly high-level Japanese instructor. I sat on the training mat with my legs outstretched and the bottom of my feet showing. A training partner, and good friend, quickly corrected me to tell me that it was rude in that setting. I should not have the bottom of my feet toward the instructor in that manner.

couple talking

When one person in a conversation is not facing their partner directly it could, but not always, mean that they have mentally checked out of the convo.

Kinesics: What the Body Reveals

Kinesics refers to body language, facial expressions, posture, and gestures. This domain is rich in detail and layered with meaning, especially when observed over time or within familiar contexts. Often you will hear this referred to as “tells.”

Self-Soothing & Defensive Behavior

Self-soothing gestures are small, often unconscious movements that indicate a person is trying to calm themselves. Common examples include rubbing the neck, scratching the head, wringing hands, or covering parts of the face. These can indicate stress, confusion, nervousness, or even deception. However, context matters. Someone might be rubbing their neck because of a cramp, not because they’re lying. That’s why it’s important to observe patterns rather than isolated actions. A single gesture means little on its own. But several signs stacked together can paint a clearer picture.

I, personally, will often rub my beard from mustache down to chin when I am uncomfortable or in deep thought. Understanding this has helped me when I am in negotiations or do not want others to know I am uncomfortable. I give serious and focused conscious thought to not doing that, so as not to give my mindset away. I hope it is obvious, but I am discussing these things as it relates to assessing others, but that goes the other way too. People will be assessing you. So, it is best to assess ourselves and fix the issues that we recognize are problematic.

man reading magazine

Don’t allow yourself to get focus locked on a book, phone or task while in public areas. Even if the magazine is a great one.

Eye Behavior & Blink Rate

Eye contact is often misunderstood. While prolonged eye contact can suggest confidence, it can also be an attempt to project control or dominance. Conversely, a lack of eye contact may not be dishonesty, it may be cultural or a sign of shyness.

One of the most objective cues is blink rate. Research shows that the blink rate increases under stress. If someone normally blinks 10 times per minute and suddenly increases to 40, something has changed. That shift could be anger, anxiety, or even an effort to maintain composure while lying. Establish a baseline whenever possible, then look for deviations. It is critical that you understand this is a baseline versus an anomaly sort of situation. There is no way to say what the average blink rate is for humans. We all have a blink rate that works for us. We must gather the baseline first, then recognize the change.

man in heavy jacket

Wearing a heavy or long jacket when the temperature does not match the needs is an anomaly worth considering.

Toe & Hand Direction

Feet are honest. Unlike facial expressions, which we learn to control socially, the direction of our toes is involuntary. If someone’s feet are pointed toward the exit, even if they’re smiling and chatting with you, they’re mentally on their way out. Hands are another useful indicator. Open palms usually indicate honesty and a willingness to engage. Hands in pockets or hidden behind the back can suggest concealment, physical or emotional. If someone shows you their palms mid-sentence, especially with fingers splayed, they may be signaling you to stop, even if their words don’t say it directly.

two people talking

Mimicry is when people in conversation get in the same body positions. This typically means they are in agreement during the discussion.

Biometrics: The Body Cannot Lie

Biometrics refers to involuntary physiological reactions. These include blushing, pupil dilation, facial tension, and other signs driven by the autonomic nervous system. Because people cannot easily control them, biometric cues are often the most reliable indicators of true emotional state.
Stress & Hormonal Cues

When a person is embarrassed or under stress, adrenaline causes blood vessels to dilate, especially in the face, neck, and ears. This results in blushing. Flushing, which covers a larger area, may come from anger, arousal, or even alcohol.

Conversely, stress can also cause the body to pull blood away from the face, leading to paleness. This is another sign of the body preparing for fight or flight.

Nostrils flaring and bottom teeth showing are instinctual signs of agitation. These cues often precede aggressive action and should prompt you to raise your awareness. This all occurs because a person is trying to get more oxygen into their bloodstream preparing for a physical confrontation. Most of our interactions that involve this are those that end up in disagreement and don’t get physical. The beauty of this is — and I use this regularly — when you recognize this happening, you can begin moving out of position and/or using “verbal judo” to calm a possible heated situation before it gets physical.


man with hand in pockets

Hands in pockets is a sign of closing in or possible deception. Always watch hands.

Pupil Dilation & Heat Signatures

Pupil dilation can be caused by low light, drug use, or emotional arousal. Sudden dilation in normal lighting might indicate attraction, fear, or rising tension. So, if you are having that convo at a bar trying to engage a date, that is a good thing. But if you find out that date already has a boyfriend, and he is doing this, it’s a problem. This spectrum of understanding is critical to putting this to good use.

Changes in body temperature can also be detected. If you’re physically close to someone, you may feel heat radiating off them during an adrenaline surge. From a distance, thermal optics can help identify elevated body heat, which is useful in tracking fugitives or locating someone hiding in a crowd. I have used this in leading man-tracking teams that have thermal optics. You leave your heat signature behind on the environment. It is rather wild to see how much heat you leave behind on the ground, touching a rock or tree, or similar. While all that technology is incredibly useful, most of us do not have it. But that does not mean we can’t see the increase in heat on a person. You can sense it, see it when a person begins to sweat.

man with hat pulled down

Having a hat pulled down and avoiding eye contact could mean deception or simply someone who is shy. Behavior analysis is definitely not an exact science in most situations.


Sweating & Subtle Trauma

Sweating is a key stress indicator. If someone appears clammy or you notice sweat stains in inappropriate conditions, it may be a sign they are nervous, ill, or under emotional strain.
Other biometric signs like bloodshot eyes, bruises, or nystagmus may indicate substance use, fatigue, or physical trauma. In tactical scenarios, be alert for pressure marks on shoulders or around the eyes; these could indicate concealed weapons, recent recoil, or gear straps. This sort of read helps to understand who is “packing” around you, so you can prepare accordingly.

man pointing in a conversation

Pointing during a conversation is often meant to talk down to a person. Avoid such practice unless it is absolutely necessary.

Vision & Perception: Knowing How You See

Being a good observer means understanding the mechanics of human vision. The eye is not a camera. It is a biological sensor full of limitations and bias.

Central & Peripheral Vision

The fovea, located in the center of the eye, is responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Everything outside that small central area falls under peripheral vision. While peripheral vision lacks detail, it is more sensitive to motion, especially biological motion. You might not clearly see someone walking behind a car, but your brain is tuned to notice the movement. When you’re purposely observing a person or situation, then make sure you turn your head and eyes to what you are looking at straight on. You will gather more information in that manner.

Peripheral vision is especially useful for spotting threats, but it is limited. Under stress, it narrows. This tunnel vision can make you miss critical information. Counter this by regularly scanning your environment and using deliberate head movement. This is also something that gives me a quick self-check. When I recognize my vision has narrowed, it begins the checklist toward letting me know I am overstressed and need to either step back and get a grip, or otherwise get over it with focus, breathing, or other things I have trained to calm myself.

Day, Night & Twilight Vision

Cone cells handle daytime (photopic) vision and are sensitive to color and detail. Rod cells, which support nighttime (scotopic) vision, are more sensitive to motion and light but not color. The Purkinje Shift causes reds to appear darker and blues to appear lighter in dim lighting. That is why it is easier to see blue objects at night than red ones. Twilight (mesopic) vision engages both rods and cones. During this time, depth and color perception can become unreliable. This is often the most vulnerable time for misreading your environment.

Instead of me just using a bunch of technical big words let’s make this more practical for all of us. The worst time of the day for clear vision is dawn or dusk. That is because our rods and cones are switching back and forth rapidly to deal with the increase and decrease of light due to shadows. When this occurs, our vision is poor. When I used to teach combatives, I was fond of telling runners to not run at those times, as it is hard to see threats. In addition to this, when it gets dark it takes a full 20 to 30 minutes for your eyes to completely adjust. Therefore, when you have the time, allow your eyes to adjust before you move around in the dark.

man sitting with hands crossed

When talking, keeping your hands in front of your torso often indicates that your uncomfortable and protecting yourself.

The Rule of Three: Left of Bang Thinking

One of the most powerful tools in behavioral recognition is the Rule of Three. One anomaly may be coincidence. Two may be curiosity. Three should trigger action. Consider it in an equation: Baseline + Anomaly = Decision Making. But when you have three anomalies, it means you must prepare for action.

• A man enters wearing a hoodie.
• He paces and scans the store but doesn’t shop.
• He adjusts something in his waistband.

That third cue is your green light to prepare for action or remove yourself from the area.
Cognitive Blind Spots

Even skilled observers are vulnerable to blind spots. These include:

• Change Blindness: The brain can ignore obvious changes in the environment when distracted. Combat this by scanning deliberately and pausing to reassess regularly.
• Focus Lock: Fixating on a single threat, person, or thing (your phone) can cause you to miss the bigger picture. Force yourself to shift your gaze and reevaluate surroundings.
• Assumptions and Bias: If you assume the person in a suit is safe and the person in a hoodie is dangerous, you may miss the real threat. Let behavior dictate your evaluation not stereotypes.

Ethics of Observation

Reading people comes with responsibility. Using this skill to protect yourself or de-escalate a tense situation is ethical. Using it to manipulate, deceive, or exploit others is not. When in doubt, ask yourself: Am I helping someone be safer or just trying to gain an advantage?

Final Thoughts

Reading people is not about paranoia. It is about awareness. It is about noticing small, reliable cues and layering them into a fuller picture. Anyone can do it. With practice, it becomes second nature.
Start today. Observe group dynamics in a restaurant. Watch how people move in line at the store. Take note of blink rates, body posture, and spatial positioning. Over time, your awareness will sharpen, your instincts will refine, and you will be more prepared for both everyday life and high-risk moments.

About The Author

Craig Caudill is the director of Nature Reliance School, where he teaches outdoor safety, survival, and tracking skills to individuals and organizations. An accomplished author of several books on backcountry skills, Caudill is also a sought-after consultant for national television and media, including shows like Naked and Afraid and America’s Most Wanted. With decades of experience in wilderness education and situational awareness, Caudill combines practical expertise with a passion for helping others develop resilience and self-reliance. Learn more at www.naturereliance.org.

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Editor’s Note: This article has been modified from its original version for the web.