Tailor-Made ARs: Choosing the Best AR-15 Mods

“Excellence is never an accident. It is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, and intelligent execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives.” This ancient quote from Aristotle is applicable to many aspects of life, including the selection of gear for emergency preparedness. The idea of building a single rifle that could meet all of your survival and preparedness needs is akin to pulling Excalibur from its stone pedestal. Everyone thinks they’re the one person who can do it. But the reality is a little more … well … anticlimactic, leaving many of us to rely on a safe full of ARs for specific purposes like a golfer plucking clubs from his bag. How much can we condense the capabilities of various individual rifles into a single weapon? Is there a combination of the best AR-15 mods, accessories, and technologies that could eliminate half (or more) of our survival gun safe?

Considerations for the Best AR-15 Mods

While the other authors involved in this series will take their own approaches and make their own arguments, I started by reaching back to my routes in military reconnaissance. Two decades of near-constant warfare around the globe has given a lot of military leaders a deep reservoir of experience regarding how to build, configure, and run a rifle in spartan conditions. So, before I lay out the recipe for my ideal one-gun-solution, we need to examine an obscure but relevant slice of recent military history.

Photos By Niccole Elizabeth

The Recce Rifle Concept

Pronounced “wreck-y” — for heaven’s sake, please don’t say “reese” — the term recce is just military slang for “reconnaissance.” It’s primarily used by our Brit and Aussie brethren since, for most American grunts, “recon” is the preferred vernacular. Regardless of how you bastardize the word, reconnaissance teams rely heavily on stealth and maintaining a low profile to execute their missions. Because of this, recon teams are typically smaller in size than their assault force counterparts. And because of that, they often use specialized equipment and leverage technological and firepower advantages to offset the risk of operating in small groups behind enemy lines.

At some point in the late ’90s or early ’00s, reconnaissance elements within the SEAL community began formulating a firepower enhancement concept that would come to be known as the Recce Rifle. The premise was to have a rifle within the recce team that could see and hit farther than a standard issue M4 or M16, without having to rely on a dedicated sniper team. The recce rifle needed to have maximum commonality with the team’s issued carbine and not require any special training. The goal wasn’t to make more snipers, but to give standard riflemen on a recon team a stopgap capability between traditional infantry engagement ranges (normally 300 yards or less) and the long-range precision shooting executed by professional snipers with specialized heavy rifles (normally 600 yards or more). Furthermore, the inclusion of a quality magnified scope could aid in direct surveillance and intelligence gathering.

Without going too far into the minutiae, a template emerged from within the SEAL teams for an enhanced/accurized M4 carbine featuring a match-grade trigger, 16- or 18-inch stainless steel match barrel, and a variable-power scope. Otherwise, these rifles were mechanically identical to issued M4s — they even retained full-auto capability so that in an ambush or counter-ambush scenario, the recce rifleman could still perform traditional fire-and-maneuver with his squad. But the foundation was laid for a rifle that could excel both in close combat and at extended ranges with minimal mods, using commercially available off-the-shelf components.

Commercial Adoption & the Mini Recce

Above: The Cobalt Kinetics 12.5-inch BAMF Pro offers a pre-packaged mini recce solution constructed with premium components.

Soon after photos and anecdotes of the recce rifle made their way to the shooting public, similar-looking builds began popping up in internet forums — stainless match barrels, variable-power scopes, match triggers, and long, lightweight handguards. First, it was mostly military rifle enthusiasts trying to build clones of SEAL guns. But then the concept took on a life of its own. Elements from the special operations recce guns were being fused with similar traits found on 3-Gun competition setups, as civilian shooters began to realize they could have rifles that were both fast and accurate, and which performed equally well at 500 yards or across a hallway.

As AR-15 manufacturing continued to evolve, with engineering, metallurgy and quality control being pushed to the bleeding edge of what’s mechanically possible, the vaunted concept of the Recce Rifle evolved as well. Specifically, the growing availability of nearly aerospace-grade AR barrels has birthed the so-called mini recce rifle. The mini recce applies the same form factor we previously discussed with a shorter barrel length, making it even more optimal for the close-quarters end of the spectrum while maintaining match-grade abilities at the hundreds-of-yards line.

Above: We worked our Cobalt Kinetics mini recce through movement and unconventional positions at Greenline Tactical‘s Combat Carbine course in the Utah high desert. 

For reference, the first generation of recce rifles built by Naval Special Warfare armorers typically sported 16- or 18-inch barrels. For civilians, 18-inch stainless barrels were all the rage for a few years. Next, it was 16-inch barrels. Then, people started building recce-style rifles on 14.5-inch match barrels. Currently, we have a number of precision-manufactured stainless steel barrels in the 10.5- to 12.5-inch range delivering stunning accuracy for their size, fueling the mini recce trend. The recce/mini recce concept, proven by special reconnaissance operators and advanced by the aftermarket, is where I found the last rifle I may ever own and the first one I’ll grab when the world goes sideways. Read on as I explain my considerations for the best AR-15 mods for this particular application.

Receivers, Barrels, & Gas Systems

I’ll admit to copping a little bit of insider privilege in the sense that the barrel of my ideal survival gun is one I received as a prototype nearly two years before penning this story. However, by the time you read this, these barrels should be fully out in the wild and readily available.

Rosco Manufacturing, in conjunction with Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics, produced a 12.5-inch barrel dubbed the K9. The idea, in Cowan’s words, was to create a “performance duty barrel” that bridged the gap between the tough-as-nails machine gun barrels found in military or law enforcement rifles and the high-precision ones used by competitors and long-range aficionados. The resulting K9 barrel is made from 416R stainless steel that’s black-nitride-coated, featuring a 5.56mm NATO-spec chamber and military-standard 1:7 twist rate. The barrel sports a medium contour and a new, proprietary-length gas system they’ve dubbed “patrol length” — which sits in between carbine and mid-length. Patrol length aims to bring the smooth, efficient cycling of mid-length gas guns to shorter barrels, optimizing reliability with slightly increased dwell times. Cowan insisted the barrel would also need to run reliably with a suppressor. So, the patrol-length gas system also serves to cut down on the over-gassing and accelerated erosion that can take place when suppressing short guns with carbine gas tubes.

Above: A high-quality barrel and match trigger are high-priority components in a mini recce build, making hits at extended range possible in spite of the rifle's reduced size.

I’m not saying 12.5-inch barrels are the only choice for short ARs, but I do believe that barrels between 11.5 and 12.5 inches are the best for survival applications. Shorter 10.5-inch guns are more concealable and offer great maneuverability in tight quarters, but cycle harshly and create premature wear issues. Longer 14.5- or 16-inch guns can take advantage of the mid-length gas system and offer higher muzzle velocities but get awkward in tight spaces and typically need to be broken down into halves for discreet transport.

Throughout this article you’ll see two separate AR builds. Both are configured in the mini recce format. Both feature the same 12.5-inch Rosco/Sage collaboration barrel. One rifle is a franken-gun built to test the very first K9 barrel I got my hands on. But the second rifle, the Cobalt Kinetics BAMF Pro, will feature these barrels as the factory standard in their 12.5-inch model. In addition to being the default for the BAMF Pro 12.5, I’m told that Rosco will be offering barrel and gas tube kits as stand-alone items if you prefer to build it out yourself.

Above: Contrary to our off-the-shelf rifle from Cobalt, this one was pieced together over the course of a year from carefully selected individual components to save weight and add capability. We fit both rifles with “K-can” style suppressors. The custom-built AR is wearing a 4.1-inch Rex Silentium MOD X.

Pros
The mini recce concept’s greatest advantage is offering a single rifle that’s fast, accurate, and reliable from across-the-room distance to whatever you, your barrel, and your ammo are capable of. In this case, I was able to run the Rosco/Sage 12.5-inch K9 barrel to 880 yards. When properly outfitted with a white light and infrared laser, the result is a rifle that is 0 to 800 yards capable — day or night, white light or NVGs — and still fits inside a duffel bag or larger pack without needing to be broken down. Even the addition of a short suppressor only brought us to a total 16.1 inches of “barrel length.” This makes the mini recce packable almost anywhere and powerful enough to put down most threats of the two- or four-legged variety. It’s nimble and comfortable in a CQB environment, or working in and around vehicles, but also retains much of the long-range performance of ARs twice its size. The idea that you must have an 18-, 20-, or even 24-inch barrel on your AR for it to work past 300 yards is antiquated at best, obstructionist at worst. If you’re looking for a true “one-gun solution” for a survival/preparedness carbine, carefully choosing the best AR-15 mods to craft a mini recce-style build may be ideal for you.

Cons
For as much as I love this concept, it’s not all sunshine and roses. Asking one rifle to do (almost) everything isn’t impossible. But it does require a very discriminating selection of the best AR-15 mods and specialized accessories. If you need to push an 11- or 12-inch barrel out to 500 yards and beyond, you’ll need a barrel up to the task, and not every one of them is. Likewise, you’ll also (most likely) need heavy-for-caliber match-grade ammo that plays well with said barrel. Good-quality glass in a solid mount is a must as well. Those are, in my mind, the essentials for getting a short rifle to perform at long distance. Lights, lasers, suppressors, and switches aren’t only extra cost, but extra weight. When I was working overseas as a government contractor, my issued gun sported a 10.5-inch barrel but still weighed close to 12 pounds when fully configured. Proper management of both total weight and available “rail estate” on your handguard is critical when you’re trying to build so much capability into a single rifle. Using skeletonized, titanium, or other lightweight components will help, but will drive the price up quickly and may negatively impact reliability in some cases.

 

Above: This Cobalt Kinetics AR is equipped with a 5.5-inch Odin Works Baja suppressor.

Then, there’s the ATF. If you’re going to build a short rifle, you’ll need to get it registered as an NFA item. There’s wait time and cost associated with this process. Can you build something similar to what you see here as a braced pistol? Yes, you can. However, at time of writing, the legal status of pistol braces is under some intense scrutiny. If the fear-mongers get their wish, your jack-of-all-trades braced AR may become illegal overnight. Even if braces don’t get banned, there has already been some talk to the effect that using a magnified optic on a braced pistol demonstrates “intent to circumvent” and could by itself bring you some heartache under the wrong circumstances. How much that deters you, if at all, from setting up a Mini recce with exactly the rearend you want is entirely a personal call. We provide the information; you make the decision.

Both of my builds are SBR’d, and there are some pros and cons to relying on a stamped gun for SHTF scenarios, but we’re going to address those concerns later in this series. In this particular instance, it was decided the pros outweigh the cons, and Form 1’s were filed.

Grips, Stocks, & Handguards

With approved tax stamps in hand, I fitted both guns with B5 Systems SOPMOD Bravo stocks. The SOPMOD Bravo is based off the larger SOPMOD stock, but deletes the battery storage compartments to shave a few ounces and create a slimmer profile. Their N23 pistol grips are also attractive to us in both size and grip angle. They come pre-textured on three sides, which is cool. But the backstrap is left slick, which isn’t. So, I had my friendly neighborhood gun-tinkerer, P4 Coatings, add a matching stipple to the backstrap.

The franken-build received a Short Angled Vertical Grip from Strike Industries (it's also seen on the Cobalt in the range photos above). A low-profile, no-nonsense vertical “stub,” this grip gives me a consistent index point for my support hand that’s long enough to pull back against when managing recoil or driving the gun through target transitions, but also short enough to be wholly unobtrusive, even when stowed or concealed in an SBR bag.

Triggers & Ambidextrous Controls

Other than those mods, the BAMF Pro appears here as you’d see it on the shelf, in terms of receivers, handguard, and controls. These are meant to be premium-grade rifles and are appointed with an ambidextrous safety and mag release, as well as the venerable KE Arms DMR trigger. The DMR is a unique design in that the pull weight is fixed at 4.5 pounds, but the reset is adjustable by a set screw inside the cassette, which allows for a softer, longer reset or an immediate hard snap back to ready after the break. It’s a feature we’ve not seen elsewhere that allows you to fine-tune the feel of your single-stage trigger without inadvertently manipulating the pull to unsafe lightness.

Our proto build is based on an American Defense Manufacturing UIC lower receiver, which takes ambi controls one step further by incorporating a right-side bolt catch/release tab that can be used to drop the bolt on a fresh mag or lock it back for admin purposes. It’s conveniently placed behind the mag release for use with the trigger finger. We originally had a matching UIC upper, but swapped it with the Balios Lite upper from 2A Armament. The Balios does away with forward assist (something I’d argue is essentially an appendix on modern, high-quality ARs) and weighs a meager 5.8 ounces. I mated the Balios Lite with the 11.7-inch ION Ultra Lite handguard from SLR Rifleworks. With a svelte 1.35-inch internal diameter and M-LOK slots replacing most of the 12-o-clock rail, the ION Ultra Lite lives up to its name and helps balance the front end of the rifle against all of the peripherals I added to maximize capability. The weight savings afforded by these parts help keep a heavily laden rifle manageable in the hands, but with a price tag north of $500 for just the stripped upper and handguard, cost versus capability is a real struggle in the mini recce realm. Likewise, the trigger I used is a Rise Armament RA-535. This drop-in trigger also comes in at a premium price point but offers a crisp 3.5-pound break with zero excess movement before or after the break.

Optics: Red Dot, Prism, LPVO, & More

Quality optics are easily one of the best AR-15 mods for any rifle destined for defensive duty, especially when it comes to the mini recce blueprint. Accuracy at distance is a challenging feat for barrel lengths that don’t afford full powder burn or long engagement against the rifling. Magnification is essential for the distances involved, but within that requirement, there’s ample room for flexibility and personal preference. We’re going to look at three-and-a-half different options for how to integrate modern sighting technology into the mini recce platform. We’ll start with a bias for distance, move across the spectrum, and finish with a bias toward closer medium-range engagements …

LPVO + Red Dot, Separate
Low Powered Variable Optics (LPVOs) have become prolific on modern AR builds. First made mainstream on the 3-Gun competitive circuit, LPVOs can now be spotted in police patrol cars and in Special Operations gear lockers across the country. While it’s possible and acceptable to use the 1x setting on an LPVO for close-quarters shooting, you do lose speed and convenience over a red dot or holographic sight.

Above: Scalarworks LEAP scope mount and Arisaka Defense Offset Red Dot mount

The answer for many is adding a miniature red dot sight (MRDS) in tandem with the LPVO and leaving the latter at a midrange magnification for longer shots. This best-of-both-worlds configuration spawned an entire submarket for low-profile mounts to accommodate the MRDS. On my homebuilt mini recce, I’ve been using a Vortex Razor Gen III 1-10x in a lightweight Scalarworks mount paired with a Trijicon RMR on a stand-alone offset mount from Arisaka Defense.

Keeping the two mounts separate offers two advantages, in my practice. One is being able to place the red dot behind the LPVO or in front of it. This is purely shooter preference. Some folks find a forward-set red dot easier to pick up when canting the gun. Others swear by the rear mount, on account of it being closer to the eye. Regardless, a separate red-dot mount allows you to experiment with both — or even change the make and model of red dot — without laying a finger on the scope mount. The other advantage I’ve found is being able to run the red dot at a different height than the scope. I prefer mounting the scope lower to afford a better cheek weld on the stock, while mounting the red dot higher for faster heads-up shooting (as well as ease of use when passive aiming through night vision goggles). I know there are some taller, night-vision-compatible LPVO scope mounts, but I’ve found floating an NVG tube behind a scope tube to be a tricky proposition, and one I haven’t used especially often. So, my Scalarworks scope mount is a “standard” 1.54 inches tall, while the Arisaka red-dot arm pokes up a little higher at 1.93 inches.

LPVO + Red Dot, Integrated
The alternative method for pairing a red dot to an LPVO is to use a single mount that accommodates both.

Above: Badger Ordnance Condition One mount 

My first optics setup on the BAMF Pro consisted of a Steiner T5Xi 3-15x scope and a Holosun 403C red dot mounted together on a Badger Ordnance Condition One mount. The Condition One features a small arm that bolts directly onto the one-piece scope base so that both optics are carried cleanly on a single mount. The Condition One’s red-dot arm also features unique geometry that centers the red dot directly over the bore line, in spite of the angular offset.

If you do have to use the red dot at any significant distance, having it centered over bore reduces the need for lateral holdovers created when you roll the weapon off-center to shoot. The dual-optic setup is especially useful in cases where the magnified optic has no 1x setting. While magnification makes it easier to get consistent hits past 600 yards, it deletes the 1x provision for close-in shooting.

Fixed Prismatic + Red Dot
Speaking of optics with no 1x setting, I also wanted to touch on the niche optic configuration that won’t seem to go away — the fixed-power prismatic with piggy-backed red dot.

Above: Vortex Spitfire and Venom optics, Arisaka mount. (Note: This mount is designed to cantilever a red dot slightly forward; for this Vortex prism, it was flipped to cantilever the optic rearward, positioning it appropriately for its eye relief.)

The concept was disseminated during the early years of Operation Iraqi Freedom when the 4x ACOG was the primary issued rifle optic. However, this failed to account for the amount of close urban combat being seen in theatre. I find them to be of limited use unless your threats are consistently at a known intermediate distance. But what they do offer is medium magnification in a minimal footprint compared to LPVOs. They’re smaller, lighter, and usually come with their own built-in mount. The example here embodies all of those advantages.

The Vortex Spitfire HD Gen II offers fixed 5x magnification and an option to piggy back a Viper or Venom red dot, weighing only 10.3 ounces with built in rail mount. If your daily environment is primarily urban or suburban where your magnification only needs to reach a block or two, this could be a leaner, lighter option to bring both magnification and close-quarters capability to a mini recce build. The top-mounted red-dot setup also positions the dot ideally for ambidextrous passive use under night vision.

Red Dot + Magnifier
Last but not least is the red dot or holographic sight augmented with a flippable magnifier.

Above: EOTech optics in Unity Tactical mounts

This combination is biased heavily toward close-in shooting, with a turn-on/turn-off option for some ancillary magnification when needed. It’s a capable, if imperfect, solution for dedicated shooting at longer ranges. But if your primary concern is close response with some added capability to reach down the block, or you just want some additional magnification to aid in threat identification or spotting, this might be the way to go. First-gen magnifiers were almost exclusively 3x, but there are now multiple options in 5- and 6-power to extend the effectiveness of this setup. Since #opticsmountsmatter, I went to Unity Tactical for their FAST riser rail and Flip-To-Center (FTC) adapter mount.

Even as magnified optics have gotten better, most flip-to-side mounts have remained largely unchanged. The ability to push the glass out of your way in a hurry is super convenient, but this leaves a big chunk of armored glass hanging off your rifle at a 90-degree angle. And since every flip-mechanism we’ve ever seen flips right, if you’re shooting lefty the flip motion is noticeably awkward. Unity’s FTC fixes these problems by reorienting the magnifier to flip straight up and down. This makes the rifle more balanced when the glass is tucked out of the way, and also significantly raises the height of both the dot and magnifier for a more heads-up orientation. It’s superior for fast shots at no-fail ranges as well as aiding shooting under night vision or with a gas mask on. We also removed the factory soft rubber cover from the EOTech G33 magnifier and replaced it with an Armored Magnifier Cover from HRF Concepts. This is a hard plastic clamshell that provides a little extra bump protection as well as more aggressive gripping surface when flipping the magnifier up and down.

Lights, Lasers, & IR Illumination

Above: The diminutive, custom Rex Silentium suppressor proved ideal for mini recce setups.

Speaking of forward controls, let’s talk about peripherals and accessories for an all-purpose preparedness rifle. I’m a strong believer that every rifle intended for serious use needs a quality weapon-mounted light. Being able to clearly identify friends and foes in low light or no-light conditions, and having enough light to effectively utilize your optics with or without the sun, are core competencies any gun must fulfill in order to qualify as real-world-emergency capable.

Weapon-mounted white light is the standard for using a rifle in darkness, but there are those who have taken the leap to integrate night vision into their preparedness plan. If you fall into this category (or are pinching pennies to get into this category), make sure your rifle is configured to take full advantage of the added capability. The two best ways to do this are to use optic mounts that are tall enough to work with night vision — as I mentioned in the previous section — and to include infrared (IR) lasers and/or illuminators on your rifle.

There are a number of IR lasers on the market, and none of them are inexpensive. My parts build has been sporting a Steiner DBAL-I2 for quite some time. This is one of the more compact laser options on the market, but the size and weight benefits come with the tradeoff of not having a built-in illuminator. It’s only a laser pointer (both green visible and IR). This works well enough in urban or suburban environments, where there’s consistent ambient light even after sundown, but when you start working in truly dark rural environments, the lack of illuminator becomes a noticeable hindrance to target ID and engagement. In order to compensate for the lack of illumination, my franken-build also sports a SureFire M600V Scout Pro. This light features a rotating head that can be switched to white light or IR light, and includes a built-in M-LOK mount that allows the light to pivot for optimal cant, which comes in handy when pairing it alongside a laser.

Above: Shorter handguards require thoroughly well-thought-out placement of all accessories and switches.

On the Cobalt BAMF, I mounted a Cloud Defensive REIN Micro, which was built entirely from scratch as a dedicated hard-use weapon light. Duty-focused features include a user-replaceable lens, dedicated remote with independent switching for momentary and constant-on, excess cable routing channels built into the remote body, and a redundant clicky tailcap switch wired wholly independent of the remote. The mounting studs on the side of the REIN’s body are compatible with SureFire Scout-style mounts, but the head, tail, and switching technology are all fully proprietary. With an output of 1,300 lumens and 55,000 candela, the REIN Micro measures up handily against any other light meant to serve on a rifle. I chose the Micro to minimize footprint on an already compact rifle. For testing purposes, I also swapped the factory body unit for Valhalla Tactical‘s Baldr replacement body. This uses the same 18350 battery but features an integral offset mount machined into the body which let us tuck the light in a little closer to the body without being impeded by the Cobalt handguard's flared front end. If you want more power, the full-size REIN features 1,400 lumens and 60,000 candela, running on the larger 18650 battery.

So, when it came time to outfit the BAMF Pro, I decided to try out the Holosun LS321G, which includes a visible green laser, IR laser, and IR illuminator in one unit. I had the chance to test this in a near-zero-ambient-light environment and found the LS321’s illuminator to be effective well past 100 yards. In fact, I was able to pit the LS321 against a full-power, Mil-spec AN/PEQ-15. With the PEQ-15 on “low” setting, the Holosun’s output was nearly equal to that of the military-grade unit, making it an excellent civilian-available choice for those needing an illuminator in addition to an aiming laser.

Switches & Cable Management

We’re big believers in maximizing access to all critical controls with both hands. Whether clearing an off-side corner in a building, compensating for an injury, or handing your weapon off to a southpaw, there are a number of reasons you may need to activate controls with either hand. A decade ago, I was against using remote tape switches for things like lights and lasers as the technology was somewhat fragile and unreliable. That time has since passed, and the robust electronics in next-gen weapon lights like the REIN have made the argument all but obsolete. Therefore, tape switches mounted at the 12-o’clock position on the handguard are probably the easiest way to ensure your manual-of-arms remains symmetrical, regardless of which hand is on the handguard.

Above: Placing switches along the 12-o-clock axis allows for a fully mirrored manual of arms. Note the tight cable management on both setups — this one is using spare cable routing built into the REIN's remote switch. 

In both cases, I turned to Unity Tactical for switching solutions. While the REIN Micro on the BAMF Pro comes with its own proprietary remote, the Velcro-on tape switch included with the LS321 IR Laser took up a lot of room on a handguard that’s already packed pretty tightly. My answer was the Unity Hot Button, an extremely compact stand-alone push-button remote with a Crane standard plug compatible with most U.S.-made IR lasers on the market today. The cable routing channels on the REIN’s remote were able to accommodate leftover wire from both the REIN itself and the Hot Button. To ensure I had absolutely no dangling slack from either button, I added a single Micro Cable Clip from Emissary Development. These clips sport an aggressively minimalist design with an open loop just large enough to clip a remote wire onto.

Above: Another example of neat cable management using Strike Industries Siegen M-LOK plugs to keep excess slack under control.

Since my home-build features a stand-alone laser, and relies on the white light to double as an illuminator, I used the TAPS (Tactical Augmented Pressure Switch) Sync — jointly designed by TNVC and Unity Tactical. The TAPS is a single switch with dual leads and dual buttons, meaning you can operate both your light and laser from a single remote. As a further benefit, the TAPS series of switches come out of the box able to clamp onto a Picatinny rail or direct-mount into M-LOK slots. The SLR handguard features several M-LOK slots on the top axis, so I stripped off the rail clamps and threaded the TAPS directly into the Ultra Lite tube for a slender no-bulk layout that remains fully ambidextrous. The TAPS doesn’t have on-board cable management, so I added a couple of Strike Industries Siegen M-LOK inserts. The Siegen is a soft rubber M-LOK slot plug with a channel through the center that essentially buries excess wire underneath itself. Like the Emissary Micro Clips, the Siegen plugs pull loose wires against the handguard rail and protect them from bumps, pinches, and snags. The TAPS Sync variant is programmed in a number of different variants. This one will activate the light only with one button and, for night vision use, the other button will activate both light and laser simultaneously. This gives me an aiming laser and background illumination at the push of a single button.

While I have full faith and confidence in modern remote switches like the REIN, TAPS, and Hot Button, I also advise strict cable management when you do use them. Fortunately, close to a dozen different products have popped up in recent years for this purpose alone. With so many options, there’s no excuse to have loose wires dangling off your handguard.

Suppressors

Above: Odin Works‘ Baja suppressor nested perfectly into the flared front-end of the Cobalt BAMF handguard.

Depending on your situation and perceived needs, adding a suppressor could be an attractive option. But the last thing you want is to expend the effort cramming all this capability into a small rifle that grows 6, 8, or 10 inches when you thread a can to the front. As suppressors become more advanced, so will the ability to shrink them. The trade-off for reduced length will always be reduced effectiveness, but it may be a worthwhile compromise when trying to keep your carbine to a more discreet footprint.

The copper-colored can you see in this article is a Rex Silentium MOD X. Rex Silentium offers a high degree of customization in their cans, and I chose to make use of this with a minimalist three-baffle design. It’s far from “Hollywood quiet” but measures a scant 4.1 inches overall. Direct-threading it to the muzzle leaves me with an effective barrel length just a hair over 16 inches, which is still small enough to fit inside some duffels or packs without having to be broken down. It still takes the edge off the increased concussion of a shorter 5.56mm AR-15. If you have to grab this rifle and fend off a threat without putting on ear protection first, it’ll save your hearing and help you maintain auditory awareness of your environment.

Conclusion

Building a single do-all mini recce rifle that’s ready to react to an array of threats is no small undertaking. It requires a holistic “system-based” approach where each individual component, down to cable clips and optics mounts, must work in harmony to wring every ounce of ability out of a rifle that’s small enough to tuck between car seats or zip up in a gym bag. But, if you can afford the time and money to choose the best AR-15 mods for your needs and make it work right, the result of your efforts could be the “one gun to rule them all” that’ll serve you faithfully regardless of what the world throws at you.

Glossary of Sources for Our AR-15 Mods

Here's an alphabetized list of the companies whose parts were featured in this article:

More Survival AR-15 Articles

Above: Our OFFGRID-themed 11.5-inch custom AR-15 is equipped with an Ascend Armory receiver set, LAW Tactical folding stock adapter, Sionics barrel and handguard, Gemtech suppressor, and more.

Are you interested in reading more about AR-15 mods and custom builds? If so, check out some of our previous articles:


Gear Up: New Survival Gear for February 2022

GRAYL UltraPress Covert Edition

NOTES
We’ve had great experiences with GRAYL’s previous water purifiers, the minimalist Ultralight and the high-capacity GeoPress, so we were pleased to see that the new UltraPress takes influences from both. It removes bacteria, viruses, protozoan cysts, chemicals, and other contaminants from 16.9 fluid ounces of water in 10 seconds flat — just scoop water into the outer sleeve, then press down to force it through the purifier cartridge. The RiverFlow spout has a threaded cap to prevent cross-contamination, and makes this purifier as convenient to drink from as any regular water bottle. Each replaceable cartridge is rated for 300 cycles (40 gallons). The Nature Edition features high-vis colors; the Covert Edition comes in black and earth tones. Meets or exceeds NSF/ANSI and EPA water purifier standards.

WEIGHT
12.5 ounces

MSRP
$90

URL
grayl.com

Haley Strategic / Toor Knives Darter

OAL
8.5 inches

MSRP
$395

URL
haleystrategic.com

NOTES
This full-tang fighting knife is a collaboration between Haley Strategic and Toor Knives. It’s made in the USA from CPM 3V, an exceptionally durable tool steel that’s designed to resist chips and dulling during hard use. The blade tapers to an aggressive piercing point, and features sharp serrations on the spine. The knife is finished in KG Gunkote and clad with textured G10 handles and contrasting liners. Each knife comes with a Flex-Tech sheath, low-profile UltiClip Slim, and stick-on loop appliques to allow the sheath to be sandwiched into chest rigs, belts, and other tactical gear. An inert trainer is also included, enabling the user to practice wielding the knife safely in training environments. Available in Coyote, Disruptive Grey, and Ranger Green.

LOWA Vento Shoes

COLORS
Black, Steel Blue, Olive, Anthracite

MSRP
$165

URL
lowaboots.com

NOTES
If you’re looking for a lightweight, breathable trail shoe that also works well for everyday wear, the Vento might be just what you need. Its elastic heel strap and pre-installed elastic laces make it easy to slip on and off — no knots necessary. However, standard laces are included if you’d rather use those. LOWA’s Urban Trail outsole offers more grip than a standard jogging shoe, but the flexible DynaPU+ midsole balances it with cushioned comfort. A synthetic upper with minimal seams and moisture-wicking textile lining keeps your feet cool and dry, even in scorching summer heat. We appreciate the subdued design and muted color choices, since too many shoes in this category seem to be plastered with bright colors and gaudy reflective accents.

Phantom Hill Design CTF-1

MAX OUTPUT
380-lumen white light / 1,120mW/sr IR illuminator + IR laser

MSRP
$799

URL
phantomhill.design

NOTES
A newcomer to the night vision gear industry, Phantom Hill Design made waves in mid 2021 when it unveiled its (relatively) affordable CTF-1 laser/illuminator. Two momentary buttons control its dual functions — the left button activates a 380-lumen white LED for traditional low-light tactics, and the right button activates a simultaneous IR illuminator and IR laser for active aiming with NVGs. Illumination pattern is a broad flood, ideal for close-quarters. The housing is constructed of 3D-printed DMLS aluminum; its rough finish has the added benefit of minimizing the CTF-1’s infrared reflectivity. Both light sources have independent CR123 battery compartments and user-serviceable heads/lenses. Advertised battery life is 3 hours. The compact design lends itself to weapons with limited rail space, such as AR pistols and PDWs.

RISE Armament Blitz Trigger

COMPATIBLE WITH
Mil-spec AR-15s, AR-10s, and PCC

MSRP
$199

URL
risearmament.com

NOTES
This drop-in AR trigger features a single-stage 3.5-pound pull. Its 6061 billet aluminum housing doesn’t use set screws, but includes anti-walk trigger pins for secure installation. RISE Armament says it “breaks like an icicle,” and after installing it in a 9mm AR pistol and taking it to the range, we’d say that’s an apt description. The shoe isn’t quite flat, but has a barely noticeable “hybrid” curvature we found very comfortable. The break is crisp, and there’s almost zero perceptible creep at the wall. But the area where the Blitz truly shines is its Quik-Klik reset, which provides a tactile and audible click as pressure is released after each shot. It makes it grin-inducingly easy to dump dozens of rounds downrange.

Mastermind Tactics Specialist Pro

COLORS
Black, Camo Green, Tan, Wolf Grey

MSRP
$29

URL
mastermindtactics.com

NOTES
Mastermind Tactics has spent years working on their line of EDC belts. The Specialist Pro is the latest iteration. Specialist belts include a number of well-thought-out touches including double-thickness 1.5-inch webbing construction. The outer layer is Mil-spec flat webbing, with the interior layer being stiffer SCUBA webbing to support the weight of holsters and other daily carry gear. The loop tape is medical-grade, designed for high-cycle use. This belt has survived six-days-a-week wear by our editor for over a year with no loss of function or load-bearing ability. The version pictured here has a thin steel loop, but the Specialist Pro now comes standard with a polymer loop for decreased wear on the nylon. (Steel is still an option if you prefer.)

Glow Rhino Reactor Knife

COLORS
Black, Satin stainless

MSRP
$250

URL
glowrhino.com

NOTES
Glow Rhino has carved out a unique niche for themselves with a line of EDC tools that includes built-in tritium inserts for easy location in low-light/no-light conditions. Tritium needs no battery, has a half-life measured in years and emits radioluminescent light without any need to “charge” under a light source like phosphorescent glow paint. The Reactor is a titanium frame-lock knife with a 2.9-inch drop-point blade made of S35VN steel. The clip is set up for tip-up deep carry, and a low-profile deployment nub pokes out the back of the frame when the knife is closed. The Reactor is sleek, sharp, and lightweight — ideal for daily carry and use.

Longship Designs JTAC Adapter

COLORS
Black, Coyote Brown, MultiCam, MultiCam Black, Ranger Green, Wolf Grey, Woodland

MSRP
$45

URL
longshipdesigns.com

NOTES
The JTAC Adapter is meant to provide a convenient, accessible place to mount a smartphone on chest rigs or plate carriers that do not have MOLLE loops on the front. Consisting of laser-cut laminate with a stiffened Tegris core, the adapter can be mounted via the included hook-and-loop flap and shock-cord loops, which then provide a MOLLE grid just large enough to utilize a Kagwerks, Juggernaut, or similar “claw” mount to hold your smartphone of choice. While originally meant for chest rigs, we were able to squeeze it onto our OTTE Gear LVZ-OVT plate carrier, seen here.

Paragon WLC Weapon Light Cleaner

MSRP
$15 (5mL bottle)

URL
weaponlightcleaner.com

NOTES
This product is so clever in its simplicity, we’re not sure why it took so long for someone to figure it out. After years of using caps, peel-off stickers, window cleaner, ChapStick, and other inadequate methods to keep our weapon lights clean, Paragon has devised an inexpensive and impressively effective formula for getting carbon buildup off of lenses. In our experience, a single drop of Paragon’s cleaning solution is enough to get 1,000 rounds of carbon buildup off the lens of a weapon light mounted next to a muzzle brake. We’ve also used it on optic lenses and IR laser/illuminator units and have found the results to be consistent.

Emissary Development Handbrake Velox Edition

MSRP
$50

URL
veloxtraininggroup.com

NOTES
We’ve been running the Emissary Development Handbrake for several months now, and appreciate its ability to bridge the gap between hand-stops and full vertical grips. Velox training has taken the Handbrake one step further by adding silicon carbide to the gripping surface. Considered by some to be the ultimate grip material for weapons manipulation, silicon carbide offers enhanced traction compared to molded- or burned-in texture without being painful or uncomfortable to grip. The Velox Training Group anvil logo is also included on this model, but it’s otherwise identical in form and function to a standard Emissary Handbrake.

Strike Industries Strike K1 Knife

OAL
8.22 inches

MSRP
$42

URL
strikeindustries.com

NOTES
Strike Industries, known for their firearms accessories, has recently released their own version of an EDC knife, the Strike K1 Knife. With a blade length of 3.51 inches made of AUS-8 stainless steel, this ambidextrous knife has a reversible pocket clip to carry the knife tip-up. The textured handles are available in black or translucent smoke and made of SI Polymer Extreme material. The back of the blade features two jimping areas to accommodate different grip styles as well as a thumb hole for one-handed opening and back lock closing mechanism.

Lockdown Logic Vault Doors

DIMENSIONS
30” W x 80” H; 32” W x 80” H

WEIGHT
350 pounds; 400 pounds

MSRP
$1,700 to $2,000

URL
lockdown.com

NOTES
Want to turn a room in your house into a dedicated vault or safe room? Designed to replace most conventional interior door and mount to 2×4 studs, Lockdown’s Vault Doors enable you to do just that. Available in left- or right-hand inswing or outswing, these doors feature a motorized locking mechanism with eight locking bolts that slide directly into the frame and can be powered with the included 110v adapter and battery backup. Set up to 10 PIN codes consisting of four to nine digits. Built with heavy-duty 11-gauge steel construction, these doors have optional Wi-Fi functionality that can interface with Lockdown’s Logic App to monitor temp/humidity, impact, tampering, and access status. Lockdown also offers 36-inch Bunker Doors that can mount to concrete frames for basements.


The TAV “Ranger Goat” Overland Tacoma Build

Losing a loved one is always traumatic, but it also presents an important turning point. Rather than being overcome by grief, we must find the strength to live on in a way that would make that person proud. Walt Wagner made this difficult choice after his cousin — a former Army Ranger, federal law enforcement officer, and tactical medic — passed away unexpectedly at a young age. The two men had bonded over their love for overland vehicles, and Walt’s cousin purchased his 2009 Toyota Tacoma with the intention of turning it into a mutual project. After he passed, Walt inherited the truck and decided to use it to build an overland Tacoma and keep that legacy alive.

Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in Issue 6 of our sister publication Carnivore magazine.

TAV's Overland Tacoma Project

Walt’s cousin had earned the nickname “Ranger Goat” after showing up to his new long-range surveillance detachment with a beard, so the truck was christened with the same name. Walt writes, “His quiet rebelliousness was an inspiration for our build.” In addition to its sentimental value, the Tacoma would serve as a proving ground for Walt’s new overland vehicle building company, Tactical Application Vehicles (TAV). “With this truck, we were able to validate everything we want to implement in the expedition vehicles we build for our clients.”

Above: Above: Opening the bed topper reveals a spare wheel and tire, full-size jack, dual air compressors in an aluminum box, and plenty of room for other equipment.

Long-Travel Suspension

The heart of this overland Tacoma build is its long-travel suspension, which was painstakingly tested, modified, and re-tested until it produced the desired results. Rather than settling for off-the-shelf spring and shock combinations, TAV worked with the manufacturers to spec out custom valving and spring rates for a buttery-smooth ride. We’re told the company also has plans to set up an in-house shock dyno, something that you typically won’t find in the overland vehicle segment — that level of suspension R&D is more common among shops that work on racecars and trophy trucks.

Above: The Goat’s custom long-travel suspension soaks up bumps and makes it easy to maintain high speed over uneven terrain.

A Total Chaos Fabrication long-travel kit serves as the foundation, with 3.5-inch extended, boxed, and gusseted lower control arms. These were fitted with 2.5-inch King coilovers and secondary King triple-bypass shocks, each with custom TAV-spec valving and adjustment knobs for fine-tuning. In the rear, TAV removed the original axle and replaced it with a much stronger Ford 9-inch unit, complete with a Currie fabricated housing and Nitro Gear billet differential. The axle rides on an Alcan spring pack and King 12-inch-travel remote-reservoir shocks, both customized to TAV’s specifications. All four corners were topped off with SOS Performance big brakes, 17-inch Method Race Wheels, and 37-inch Yokohama mud-terrain tires.

Above: Two sets of remote-reservoir King shocks are visible between the 37-inch mud tires and bulged fiberglass fenders.

This suspension setup allows the Goat to cruise smoothly over whoops and ruts, but the stock 4.0L V-6 seemed lacking in comparison. TAV addressed this by installing a Magnuson supercharger, which added roughly 70 horsepower and an equal amount of torque. Since this would be an overland vehicle, it would need to remain reliable on long treks, so a dual-battery system, upgraded alternator, transmission cooler, and high-capacity fuel tank were also added.

Above: Baja Designs LED lights are attached to the bumpers, roof rack, and topper to illuminate dark trails and campsites. Each set of lights can be toggled by an sPOD switch inside the cab.

Interior & Exterior Mods

TAV reworked the overland Tacoma’s exterior with bulged fenders and bedsides from McNeil Racing, rock sliders, and fabricated bumpers. The front bumper is a one-off custom piece, and houses four Baja Designs LED lights as well as a ComeUp USA winch. A matte gray vinyl wrap gives the body a subdued appearance. Maxtrax recovery devices, a storage case, and area lighting are attached to the Front Runner roof rack.

An AT Overland Equipment Habitat topper provides secure access points on all three sides of the bed, and its roof panel swings open in a 180- degree arc to reveal a spacious Nemo rooftop tent. This setup conveniently doubles as an awning over the tailgate. Extra storage capacity was added by replacing two-thirds of the rear bench seat with a sliding drawer from Goose Gear and attaching Grey Man Tactical organizer panels to the seatbacks. Auxiliary electronics are controlled by an sPOD switch panel attached to the overhead console.

Above: Two-thirds of the rear bench seat were removed and replaced with a Goose Gear storage compartment. Grey Man Tactical seatback panels contain a fire extinguisher, binoculars, and other gear.

Walt says he uses the overland Tacoma as a marketing tool for his company at events and trade shows, but it’s no squeaky-clean show vehicle. He drives it daily and frequently takes it out on long journeys, including a 1,500-mile, 10-day “Trail of Missions” trip down the Baja Peninsula in Mexico. Over the years, parts have broken, and catastrophic failures have occurred, but these incidents just fueled TAV’s improvements to the truck. “The Goat always got us home and is stronger than ever.” No matter what happens, it’ll be a part of his life and his company forever — “This truck is basically a family member.”

Build Specifications

2009 Toyota Tacoma

Engine
4.0L V-6 with Magnuson supercharger and LRA 33-gallon fuel tank

Transmission
5-speed automatic with transmission cooler

Driveline
2WD / 4WD with 2-speed transfer case; TAV-spec rear axle with Nitro Gear billet Ford 9-inch differential and Currie F9 housing

Brakes
SOS Performance big brake kit

Front Suspension
Total Chaos Fabrication 3.5-inch long-travel kit, secondary shock hoops, and cam tab gussets; custom 2.5-inch King coilovers with compression adjuster, and custom triple-bypass shocks with quick-adjust knobs; RCV Performance CV axle shafts

Rear Suspension
Total Chaos Fabrication shock tower; custom King 12-inch travel remote-reservoir shocks and air bump stops; Archive Garage hammer hangers, shackles, and cross-tube; custom Alcan leaf spring pack

Above: One glance at the engine bay tells you this truck isn't a pavement princess. The supercharged V-6 is coated in a healthy layer of dust from the trail.

Wheels & Tires
17×8.5 Method Race Wheels 704 Trail Series wheels, 37×12.5R17 Yokohama Geolandar M/T G003

Bed Topper & Roof Rack
AT Overland Equipment Habitat topper/tent with Revive Wraps MultiCam Black vinyl wrap, Front Runner roof rack

Body Modifications
McNeil Racing fenders and bedsides, TAV custom front bumper, CBI Offroad custom rear bumper, Revive Wraps matte gunmetal gray vinyl wrap

Lighting & Electrical
Baja Designs LED lights; Spyder Auto headlights; ComeUp USA Seal Gen2 wireless winch; Garmin Overlander navigation; sPOD 4×4 switch panel; TAV custom dual battery system; DC Power alternator; dual air compressors

Built by:
Tactical Application Vehicles, LLC
Albuquerque, NM
www.tavllc.com


Improvised Antiseptics for Preventing Infection

Disclaimer: This article about improvised antiseptics is meant to be a brief overview and not a detailed guide on treating or preventing infection. Always seek professional medical help before attempting any of the steps outlined in this article.

In good times or bad, families may face any number of events where trauma causes injuries. In the United States alone, there are over 37-million emergency department visits annually due to injuries. Off the grid, activities of daily survival performed by those unaccustomed will greatly increase the number of traumatic wounds. In austere settings, many of these become infected. Failure to act can only lead to headaches (and heartaches) for the family caregiver.

Any break in the skin can cause serious infection.

What is an Antiseptic?

Antiseptics (from the Greek anti “against” and septikos “rotting”) greatly decrease the number of disease-causing organisms on skin and mucous membranes. Having antiseptics on hand can save lives, but your supplies will eventually run out in a long-term disaster. In this article, we’ll discuss how to use antiseptics as well as how to improvise germ-killing agents off the grid.

Even the clearest mountain stream may harbor disease-causing organisms.

Many people confuse antiseptics, disinfectants, and antibiotics. The goal of all of these substances is to combat infection, but they’re not the same. Disinfectants are applied to nonliving surfaces, such as countertops or tubs. Antiseptics, on the other hand, are applied to the surfaces of living tissues. Doctors apply disinfectants to clean their exam table, then use antiseptics on the skin of patients undergoing procedures on that table. Antibiotics are most commonly ingested by or injected into a patient, something you don’t want to do with either disinfectants or antiseptics.

Above: Boiling water eliminates enough microbes to allow it to be used in wound care.

Ways Antiseptics Can Prevent Infection

Antiseptics are useful for…

Cleaning hands: Antiseptics are commonly included in scrubbing before exams, surgery, and other medical procedures.

Mucous membranes: Mucous membranes include the oral and nasal cavity, vagina, and urethra. They can be utilized to prevent or treat infections, such as before inserting a urinary catheter or as antiseptic lozenges to help with bacterial throat infections.

Prepping skin before procedures: When applied to the skin, certain antiseptics protect against the invasion of microbes into surgical incisions or other open wounds.

There’s some controversy as to how effective antiseptics are when used on open wounds, due to some being somewhat toxic to new cells. Many, however, are helpful if used properly.

Commercial Antiseptics

Various types of commercial antiseptics exist. Two of the most popular are povidone-iodine (Betadine) and chlorhexidine (Hibiclens), which also are available as oral rinses. These products are used by caregivers to scrub hands and “paint” areas on the body where incisions are made. Also, compounds containing silver have been used to keep wounds free of infection.

Washing with soap and water should precede applying antiseptic.

Povidone-iodine: Betadine, when diluted with saline solution, decreased infection rates when flushed in wounds associated with hip and knee procedures. For skin, gently clean the affected area with soap and water. Apply Betadine to the affected area during wound care; let dry before bandaging. A 2×1-inch wipe contains about 10 drops of povidone-iodine. Not for use in people with hyperthyroidism or recently exposed to radioiodine.

Povidone-iodine is a common antiseptic used for various wounds.

Chlorhexidine: Considered to be superior to povidone-iodine as an antiseptic prior to performing surgical procedures, chlorhexidine is usually applied to unbroken skin or small, shallow cuts. It’s not meant for use in deep lacerations or other open wounds.

Silver compounds: Although not used for surgical procedures, topical silver solutions were thought to be effective against various types of wounds. Indeed, before there were antibiotics, silver compounds were applied to skin lesions. Drinking silver ionic solutions, however, is more controversial as to its effectiveness against infections.

Household Products as Improvised Antiseptics

Various antiseptic options. Dilute appropriately before use.

Many household products are also known for their antiseptic properties. Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach), hydrogen peroxide, alcohols, and others have been used for more than a century to prevent and fight infections.

Chlorine products: Germ-killing solutions can be made from liquid bleach (sodium hypochlorite) or solid crystals (calcium hypochlorite). Often used as a disinfectant on surfaces, it can, if used properly, also be helpful for wound healing.

Although not commonly used today, a sodium hypochlorite solution in varying concentrations was a standard wound cleaning solution during World War I. Known as Dakin’s solution, it’s simply a warm mixture of bleach, baking soda, and boiled tap water. Be aware that the strongest versions are used for infected areas and should only be used off the grid in severe cases.

DAKIN'S SOLUTION RECIPE

IngredientFull Strength1/2 Strength1/4 Strength
Bleach6tbsp (or 95ml)3tbsp + 1/2 tsp (or 48ml)1tbsp + 2tsp (or 24ml)
Water32oz or 1 liter32oz or 1 liter32oz or 1 liter

Calcium hypochlorite: Available as crystals in certain pool-cleaning products. To make a chlorine solution with calcium hypochlorite, add 1 heaping teaspoon to 2 gallons of water and stir. This makes a “bleach” that can be used to make Dakin’s solution or to disinfect drinking water. For drinking water, use eight drops per gallon; double the dose if the water is cloudy, colored, or very cold. Wait a full 30 minutes before using. Although crystalline calcium crystals store well, bleach in solution will lose potency after six to 12 months.

Hydrogen peroxide: A 1:1 mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water has been used as an antiseptic mouth rinse with some success. It’s not safe, however, to swallow. Although it has been used on open wounds as well, newly formed cells love moisture and may not tolerate the drying effect of hydrogen peroxide. As such, it’s generally discouraged for wound care.

Isopropyl alcohol: Isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol is best used on intact skin, scratches, and shallow cuts, but is excessively drying to apply to large open wounds. The alcohol percentage in the product should be in the 60- to 70-percent range to kill microbes. Such is the case with hand sanitizers. You might be surprised to learn that this fact makes alcoholic beverages less than effective as an antiseptic. Eighty-proof vodka, for example, is only 40 percent alcohol!

Plant-Based and Other Natural Antiseptics

When the commercial antiseptic products run out, the family medic will need to look to nature for substances that can prevent and treat infection. Some plant extracts are thought to have significant antiseptic properties:

Honey: Applied to open wounds full strength or diluted with water, raw unprocessed honey has been found to prevent growth of many species of bacteria. Its pH profile promotes oxygen delivery to wounds. Some researchers believe raw honey to be superior to antibiotics in treating certain drug-resistant bacteria. Commonly used for bites, stings, cuts, burns, and infections.

Applying a honey-impregnated dressing to a wound.

When using raw honey on wounds, always start with clean hands and, if possible, sterile dressings. To avoid a messy proposition, put the honey on the dressing before applying to the wound. An exception would be a large, deep wound. In that case, fill the wound with honey before placing a dry dressing. Be aware: There will be seepage, so cover well. Replace when wound drainage saturates the dressings. It should be noted that there are commercially made honey-impregnated dressings available (MediHoney).

Tea tree oil: A well-known natural antibiotic, this pungent oil contains antiseptic compounds that are effective against fungal infections like ringworm, athlete’s foot, and jock itch as well as wound healing. For wound cleansing, add 1½ tablespoons of tea tree oil to a cup of warm water.

Turmeric paste: A compound in turmeric called curcumin possesses antimicrobial properties, which may enhance wound healing. Mixing turmeric and warm water to make a paste has been used to successfully treat dry socket, a common infection that occurs after removing a tooth. Apply the paste gently and cover with a small amount of gauze.

Witch hazel: This is a mild antiseptic with astringent property. Largely used for acne these days, it can serve as a gargle for throat issues or can be applied directly to mild wounds.

Aloe vera: A member of the cactus family, aloe vera contains a gel-like substance called glucomannan that promotes wound healing. Aloe vera is a popular natural treatment for burn injuries as well. Apply a thin layer or wet a bandage with it and cover the wound.

Coconut oil: Coconut oil contains monolaurin, a fatty acid thought to have antimicrobial effects. It can be used as a base to make antiseptic ointments.

Garlic: Garlic is well-known for antimicrobial properties due to a substance it contains called allicin. One study using an ointment containing garlic showed better wound healing than Vaseline. Simply crush a clove of garlic and mix it with a third of a cup of water or some coconut oil. Use the product right away, as it loses potency in just a few hours.

Salt: Although sea water is risky to use as an antiseptic, flushing a wound with sterile salt (“normal saline”) solutions is thought by some to decrease the risk of infection. Mix a liter of water and 2 teaspoons of salt in a pot with a lid and boil for 15 minutes. Let cool and use immediately or seal in sterile canning jars. Interestingly, some studies have found that drinkable tap water may be just as effective.

Vinegar: Standard white vinegar contains 4- to 7-percent acetic acid and 93- to 96-percent water. Mildly effective against certain disease-causing microbes that infect, for example, burn wounds, apply at least twice a day.

A number of essential oils have antiseptic properties.

There are many other natural substances that have had antiseptic properties attributed to them, including the following:

  • Anise oil
  • Lavender oil
  • Eucalyptus oil
  • Baking soda
  • Camphor
  • Cinnamon oil
  • Citronella oil
  • Frankincense oil
  • Myrrh oil
  • Lemon juice or oil
  • Oregano oil
  • Spearmint oil
  • Sweet orange oil

It’s important to realize that the evidence for the antiseptic effects of many natural substances is limited in terms of hard scientific data. They also are difficult to standardize in any meaningful way and, thus, different versions of the same substance may vary in their effect on different individuals. There’s also the possibility of allergic reactions. Do your own research and make your own conclusions.

What About Soap?

Regular soap isn’t technically an antiseptic because it doesn’t kill bacteria. So, why use soap and water to clean wounds? Soap lather causes microbes to be more easily rinsed away with the stream of water. More bacteria will be dislodged the longer you scrub, but they remain alive even as they go down the drain. Certain soaps contain antibacterial agents, but they’ve been found to not be very effective, could possibly cause reactions, and may contribute to the ongoing epidemic of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, some have been removed from the market.

Does Salt in a Wound Really Help?

In centuries past, punishment for sailors at sea involved lashes with a whip. Since these whippings broke the skin, salt or saltwater was rubbed into the wound to (in theory) prevent infection. But just because salt was used historically as an antiseptic, doesn’t mean it really worked. Researchers have since found that rinsing a wound in seawater is harmful due to the presence of dangerous marine microbes. Additionally, many bacteria tolerate salt very well, including the organism behind deadly MRSA infections. Therefore, the saying “rubbing salt in the wound” became a metaphor for making a bad situation worse!

A Veterinary Alternative

A combination of commercial and natural antiseptic products known as sugardine (or sugardyne) is an additional option. Various studies have shown the mixture of sugar and povidone-iodine is effective for wound management. It appears that sugardine nourishes regenerating tissues and inhibits the growth of bacteria.

Several formulas have been published, depending on the thickness of the paste desired. It appears like thick honey in concentrated form (9:1 sugar: povidone-iodine) and less viscous when more dilute (as low as 2:1). An alternative to povidone-iodine is hydrogen peroxide, which seems to be less toxic to healing cells when a large amount of sugar is added. No approved standard exists with any of these combinations. Be aware that sugardine can get stiff in cold weather.

With a little knowledge and imagination, improvised antiseptics can help the family medic decrease the risk of infection, furthering the goal of keeping people healthy, even when off the grid.

About the Author

Joe Alton, MD, is a physician, medical preparedness advocate, Life Fellow of the American College of OB/GYN, retired Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, and member of the Wilderness Medical Society. He’s the NY Times/Amazon bestselling author of the Book Excellence Award winners in Medicine: The Survival Medicine Handbook and Alton’s Antibiotics and Infectious Disease as well as several other books. He’s also founder of the award-winning survival website DoomandBloom.net and designer of an entire line of quality medical kits at store.doomandbloom.net.


Snow Camouflage Tips from Cold-Weather Experts

Powerful winter storms are currently sweeping across much of the United States, and this freezing weather serves as a reminder that many Americans aren't adequately prepared for the cold. This is somewhat understandable, since many of us only have to deal with it occasionally, and some of us never experience it in our home states. If you want to learn about how to survive in the bitter cold and deep snow, it's wise to learn from those who operate in it frequently. Our friends at Varusteleka, a Finnish company that manufactures and sells military and outdoor gear, certainly qualify — they're perfectly comfortable hiking and shooting in what many Americans would consider extreme cold. So, read on as we share some of the snow camouflage tips they've compiled.

These tips are from an article originally published on Varusteleka's blog. We have shared them with permission.

Consider Blending Greens into Your Snow Camouflage

Mixed outfits with M05 snow camo pants and M05 woodland camo jackets from Varusteleka.

When there is some snow on the ground but the trees, bushes, and other scenery are bare, a good combination is the M05 snow camo pants and the M05 winter camo or M05 woodland camo jacket. This will camouflage you quite well against the horizon, for example in the forest or at the edge of a clearing. The pants blend in the snowy ground and the upper body in the dark forest background.

When using this kind of a mixed outfit, the presumption is that the forest/other background is darker than the snowy ground. In such a case, the upper body gear (vest, PC, helmet, backpack, etc.), gun, and face camouflage should blend in the dark background. Green or M05 woodland camo combat gear is a good start. If necessary, you can also further camouflage your gear with e.g. spruce twigs. It is also good to mask your face with either a black or green balaclava or camo face paints.

Varusteleka Särmä TST L5 thermal jacket and pants in Finnish M05 winter camo

When the season is a bit indecisive, many soldiers have trouble figuring out what kind of clothes to bring. It isn’t completely unusual that out of nowhere snow just invades the landscape, and you don’t have any snow camo with you. Or you pack all your cool snow camo with you and then the forest turns green again when the snow melts. You can ease this pain by taking along just a light snow camouflage layer, for example, Särmä TST L7 camouflage pants and anorak because they are super light and easily packable. When things turn snowy, you just put on the light camo outfit on top of everything else. Easy Peasy.

White-Out Your Body & Gear

Varusteleka Särmä TST L7 cloak in Finnish M05 snow camo

When there is craploads of snow all over the place, a solid and simple choice is an M05 snow camo outfit. It is usually more problematic to camouflage the rest of the gear because they are usually green or in a woodland camo pattern. Very few troops have snow camo gear as an option. But worry not, with a little DIY action you can fix this in no time.

You can camouflage your gear with strips of white fabric that you attach to the PALS webbing or other suitable points. When done right, the white camouflage material on a dark background emulates the M05 snow camo very well and makes you disappear in the snowy forest very efficiently. You should select a material that doesn’t suck… in moisture and freeze into stiff sticks in cold weather. Furthermore, you should test the new stuff thoroughly in advance so that the added thingamajiggies don’t prevent access to the pockets, cling on to the gun, or do something else potentially hazardous.

Conceal Your Face

The easiest way to make your face disappear is a white balaclava. Another option is to use a white and black face paint stick that you use to create a snow camo pattern on your face. Paint your face white and add black details to cover up the highlighted landmarks of the face, such as your nose. Very familiar for corpse paint aficionados in heavy metal circles.

The Finnish army uses face paints even in the wintertime. High-quality face paints don't really increase the risk of being frostbitten during normal (Finnish) winters as long as you make sure that there isn't any moisture between your skin and the paint layer. You need to be aware of all the possible risks especially during very cold days since detecting possible frostbites is very difficult when you have paint on your face. In extreme situations, you need to estimate what is the bigger problem, being detected by the enemy or being frostbitten.

Break Up Your Weapon's Silhouette

McNett elastic camo wrap used to break up the identifiable silhouette of a rifle

A completely black gun is easy to spot on a snowy background and on a snow camo-covered combatant, so it is good to camouflage the gun as well. The easiest solution is a white or snow camo wrap or snow camo tape. If you want to play it safe, you can create a snow camo pattern using a can of white and dark grey spray paint. (NOTE! Don’t do this with army-issued guns or you will end up breaking rocks at some penal colony in a remote hellhole you’ve never even heard of before.) When you camouflage your gun, it is vital that it stays operational. No camo material should ever make the gun unusable or difficult to use, and you should always be able to see what you want to shoot.


Pocket Preps: Fire Starters & Tinder Buyer’s Guide

Man’s obsession with fire dates back thousands of years. You can imagine the fascination of those who first realized their ability to harness it. We’re sure it caused conflict between those who had it and those who wanted it. Whether that looked like a scene from Quest for Fire is debatable. Fire was and still is primal, and in the survival space, fire is just as important now as it was back then. It’s a technology that lets us treat water, heat our shelters, harden our tools, signal for help, and more. To those who’ve ever spent a cold and wet night in the woods, you’ve probably wished you could trade places with those sitting comfortably by a roaring fire. The fire starters and tinder in this article can help you avoid being in that uncomfortable position in the future.

Fire Starters & Tinder Buyer's Guide

You’re only as good as your skillset and the tools you carry. You should have strong fundamental knowledge of how to build fire paired with the best modern tools you can afford. Primitive friction-fire starting skills are invaluable if you have nothing else but compact, reliable, and durable fire starter tools that shorten the time you need to prep and start your fire are the better option if you remembered to pack them before you left home. While the traditional skills earn you cool points, making fire by any means is the goal and there’s absolutely no such thing as cheating. If you need to use the butane torch from your garage to get the backyard fire going or a road flare in the middle of the wilderness, as long as you survive, don’t worry about what others will say.

We’ve come a long way from the primitive technology that caught our attention generations ago. There’s a long lineup of modern fire starters available today that pack serious capability in the palm of your hand. We’ve assembled a collection of fire starters that early man would’ve clubbed someone over the head for.

EXOTAC TinderZIP

Dimensions
3 inches long

Weight
0.1 ounce

MSRP
$9

URL
exotac.com

Notes
We love multi-purpose gear. Swiss Army Knives, duct tape, peanut butter … some things work well in multiple roles. The boys over at EXOTAC came up with an ingenious way to carry tinder in the TinderZIP. At first glance, this looks like a normal zipper pull with a plastic cord lock at the end. TinderZIP can attach to your zipper pulls and help you open or close your jacket, to your pocketknives as a fob for easy retrieval, or it can be used in its alternate role — fire starting. All you have to do is free the cord from the plastic endpiece, pull out the tinder found inside the outer braid of the cordage, and fluff the end with the spine of your knife. It’ll take a spark or a flame and once it lights, it’ll burn for about a minute. TinderZIP burns like a candlewick and can save the fuel of your lighter. Each package comes with five units that’ll let you replace the main zipper and hand warmer pockets, leaving you with a couple to practice with.

Pros:

  • 1-minute burn time
  • Easily forgotten until needed
  • Water resistant

Cons:

  • Clothing dependent
  • Requires prep before use

Shomer-Tec Fire Buttons

Dimensions
3/4-inch diameter, 5/32-inch thickness

Weight
0.1 ounce

MSRP
$10 magnesium, $16 ferrocerium

URL
shomer-tec.com

Notes
You probably have owned a magnesium fire starter bar at some point. You probably either wore through the ferro rod glued in place or the glue broke off. The magnesium bar has fallen out of popularity, but it’s still an effective tinder if used correctly. Shomer-Tec Fire Buttons caught our eye for their ingenuity and innovation. These buttons can be sewn into your clothing and forgotten about. They scream escape and evasion kit since that was the idea behind their design. These buttons are made from magnesium and ferrocerium and work just like the traditional magnesium bar. Of course, you’ll get a fire started better with both, but if you lose the mag button, you can still use the ferrocerium button on its own.

Pros:

  • Easily forgotten about until they’re needed
  • Discreet design

Cons:

  • Small size makes it difficult to use with cold hands
  • Not easily transferred between garments
  • Awkward scraping technique needed

Live Fire Gear Live Fire Original / Sport

 

Dimensions
3.11 inches (original) / 1.89 inches (sport)

Weight
0.9 ounce (original) / 0.5 ounce (sport)

MSRP
$10 (original) / $7 (sport)

URL
livefiregear.com

Notes
Live Fire is a really interesting product that can be reused over and over. Instead of burning once or in a single way, Live Fire can be used with varying amounts of flame by regulating the amount of tinder exposed. All you have to do is open the container exposing the fabric inside that’s impregnated with a proprietary blend of fuel. We like the fact it can be lit with just about anything including a paper match, butane lighter, or ferro rod. Once it’s lit and used to ignite your natural tinder or kindling, you retrieve the Live Fire, close the lid, wait for it to cool, and throw it back into your kit. This lightweight little fire starter fits perfectly in small emergency kits and can even be rubber-banded to a knife sheath for use with a ferro rod also carried there. Available in larger original size or smaller sport size.

Pros:

  • Adjustable flame size
  • Easily reusable
  • Will ignite with flame or spark

Cons:

  • Easily lost in a pocket
  • Reusable after lighting but closing and pocketing too soon can burn the user

Zippo Emergency Fire Kit

Dimensions
4 inches by 1.13 inches

Weight
0.1 pound

MSRP
$13

URL
zippo.com

Notes
Zippo has a well-deserved reputation in the fire starter community, thanks to generations of use by soldiers and outdoorsmen. In addition to its recognizable shape, the sound a Zippo makes when it opens immediately gives away its presence in the dark. Zippo has expanded their lineup beyond their classic and slimline series of lighters. The Zippo Emergency Fire Kit works much like the flint wheel of a traditional Zippo lighter. The paraffin wax-coated tinder is stored in a waterproof container to keep it dry; it ignites with the spark and burns long enough to get your campfire going. All you have to do is remove a small wrapper around the tin and unroll it. This fire starter can be dummy corded with the molded-in lanyard hole, and it can be operated with a single hand.

Pros:

  • This fire starter floats on water!
  • Up to a five-minute burn time per tinder piece

Cons:

  • Flint wheel isn’t protected if dropped
  • Contains moving parts that may be fragile

UCO Gear Titan Stormproof Match Kit

Dimensions
4.125 inches long

Weight
2.9 ounces

MSRP
$11

URL
ucogear.com

Notes
Sometimes, it makes sense to carry a fire starter most people know how to use. Since they can be found in most homes, matches fit the bill, but standard paper or box matches are flimsy and burn out fast. Titan Stormproof matches are not your average box matches. To reference the popular internet meme, if you’re standard matches, Titan matches are the guy she tells you not to worry about. We’re not kidding, these matches are about the diameter of a ballpoint pen, and they burn aggressively with large match heads. They’re like miniature road flares, and they’ll burn underwater if temporarily submerged. The name “stormproof” is appropriate, as they’ll continue to burn in the strongest winds.

Pros:

  • Up to 25-second burn time
  • Easy to use just like standard-size matches
  • Extremely wind and water resistant

Cons:

  • Fragile match heads
  • Each match is single use and takes up space quickly

S.O.L. Fire Lite Fuel Cubes

 

Dimensions
6.29 inches by 8 inches by 1.77 inches

Weight
0.2 ounce per cube, total weight per package 6.88 ounces

MSRP
$8

URL
surviveoutdoorslonger.com

Notes
S.O.L. Fire Lite Fuel Cubes are great multi-purpose fuel tabs. They burn exceptionally well, can be used in the campfire, or they can be used with solid fuel tablet stoves. They’re made with an ethanol jelly that will actually burn on extremely damp surfaces. We like the ability to cut these down into smaller fire starters to extend the number of fires you can make from a single package. Even the package the cubes come in can be used to carry tinder scavenged off the land, and it has enough capacity to house a ferro rod and lighter too.

Pros:

  • 8-minute burn time
  • Burns clean; nontoxic and odorless
  • Works with most solid fuel folding stoves

Cons:

  • Bulky
  • Boil time listed on package is possible in ideal conditions, not all conditions

Prometheus Design Werx Ti-Fire Steel MK2

 

Dimensions
5.325 inches overall, 4-inch Ferrocerium, handle diameter 0.618 inches

Weight
2.5 ounces

MSRP
$49

URL
prometheusdesignwerx.com

Notes
Prometheus Design Werx is always on the cutting edge of product designs. The Ti-Fire Steel MK2 takes fire steels to a new level. The handle of the Ti-Fire Steel MK2 is made from titanium, and the texture of it will remind you of a pineapple grenade. The inside of the handle is hollow and is revealed by a threaded cap. It can easily hold petroleum cotton balls or similar tinder until it’s needed. Perhaps one of the best aspects of this fire rod is the threaded rod that can be replaced when it gets worn down. That said, a ½-inch ferro rod will last thousands of scrapes and even more if you use it sparingly.

Pros:

  • ½-inch rod produces exceptional sparks.
  • Handle texture offers great grip, even with cold and wet hands

Cons:

  • Potential to lose the handle cap
  • Doesn’t come with a dedicated scraper

 


Android Malware: 105 Million Users Victimized by “Dark Herring” Apps

When you think of malware, what do you envision? Many people immediately think of computer popups, viruses, or ransomware that interferes with their desktop workstations or laptops. However, cybercriminals are spending more of their time pursuing the other computing devices we all carry on a daily basis: smartphones. Mobile devices are a prime target for malware, so we shouldn't forget that they're vulnerable to it. Case in point, 100+ million devices in 70+ countries were recently affected by the Android malware known as Dark Herring. Zimperium, a digital security company that collaborates with Google to fight malware, called Dark Herring “the longest-running mobile SMS scam” they've discovered to date.

What is Dark Herring Android Malware?

A breakdown of malicious Dark Herring apps. (Graphic courtesy of Zimperium)

Dark Herring Android malware is based on a huge network of nearly 500 innocuous-looking mobile apps that were distributed through the Google Play Store and other third-party app stores.  These apps were first discovered in March of 2020, but many of them were likely circulating long before that date.

According to the Zimperium report, these apps seem relatively ordinary at first glance: “[the apps] appear harmless when looking at the store description and requested permissions.” They spanned a wide range of categories, including games, productivity tools, photo editors, phone personalization apps, and sports trackers. The apps are reportedly fully functional, so users are more likely to leave them installed long-term. “These apps are not just clones of each other or other apps, but are uniquely produced at a high rate to deceive traditional security toolsets and the potential victims.”

To make the scam convincing to a wider audience, the Dark Herring apps automatically changed their language and content based on the user's IP address, a feature Zimperium called “exceptionally versatile.” Users in the USA would see variants of the apps meant to target English-speakers, while users in Russia or China would see versions tailored to them.

Countries with users who have been targeted by Dark Herring. (Graphic courtesy of Zimperium)

The report indicates that 70 countries were targeted by the Dark Herring Android malware applications. The map above from Zimperium indicates these countries in yellow; countries highlighted in red were assessed as higher risk due to their lack of consumer legal protections that would help victims recover money lost to mobile phone billing scams.

Once users installed one of the malware apps, they were eventually directed to a page that asked for their phone number. This might have seemed like an ordinary 2-factor authentication check, but it was more sinister. Zimperium writes, “In reality, they are submitting their phone number to a Direct Carrier Billing service that begins charging them an average of $15 USD per month. The victim does not immediately notice the impact of the theft, and the likelihood of the billing continuing for months before detection is high, with little to no recourse to get one’s money back.”

Two examples of Dark Herring malware with hidden fees. (Graphic courtesy of Zimperium)

Download statistics show that more than 105 million Android devices around the world have installed at least one of these malicious Dark Herring apps. Zimperium's statement reinforced the relatively sophisticated nature of this criminal enterprise: “The cybercriminal group behind this campaign has built a stable cash flow of illicit funds from these victims, generating millions in recurring revenue each month, with the total amount stolen potentially well into the hundreds of millions.” The hundreds of varied apps under the Dark Herring umbrella also provide command and control (C&C) data to the creators in a systematic manner, indicating that the malware developers built these varied apps to work together as a system. This seems to have inspired the name — these Android malware apps are like individual fish in a cohesive school.

Current Status and Lessons Learned

Thanks in part to the Zimperium report, Google has removed all the known apps related to this Android malware from the Google Play Store. The scam services and phishing sites related to these apps have also reportedly been deactivated. However, Zimperium says the Dark Herring malware is still available through third-party app stores, and is likely still present on millions of devices, creating an opening for the creators to victimize the same devices with new scams at a later date.

As a result of the huge profits generated by Dark Herring, it seems likely that the creators will apply their skills toward new forms of malware in the future.

This should serve as a reminder to be wary about the apps you install on your smartphone or tablet. Even if apps seem legitimate, have positive reviews, and are available through official app stores, these factors are not guarantees that they're not malicious. If an app seems suspicious, consider whether you really need it, and read all the fine print carefully before submitting any personal information (including your phone number).

For more cybersecurity tips, check out our previous articles:


What If You’re Forced to Endure a Blizzard Without Utilities?

Early in 2021, Texas faced record-low temperatures that caused millions to be without power. Think about that for a second. Even in one of the most industrialized nations in the world, Mother Nature dealt a huge (and freezing) blow to commerce and living conditions. As human beings, we’ve become dangerously over-reliant on our climate-controlled life and amenities. Although this winter storm was a freak occurrence, there’s no doubt that its estimated death toll of 230 could’ve been reduced by better preparation.

Now, imagine yourself stuck in an area with frigid conditions where you must forgo many of the resources you might’ve stockpiled at home. Whether you live in a locale that could potentially be affected by severe cold during the winter months or you just happen to be vacationing somewhere remote, do you know what it’d take to survive if immediate help from first responders is nowhere in sight and utilities are disabled? How can you use the resources at your disposal to survive plummeting temperatures?

The Blizzard Scenario

Situation type
Blizzard/power outage

Your Crew
You and two friends

Location
Chandalar Lake, Alaska

Season
Winter

Weather
Snowy/windy; high 4 degrees F, low -10 degrees F

The Setup

 

Illustrations by Robert Bruner

You and two friends have been planning an Alaskan hunting trip for several months. You rent a remote hunting lodge in a rural area near Chandalar Lake that’s only accessible on foot. Although it’s wintertime and you knew the weather would already be brutal, the forecast is anticipating a blizzard. Since it’s too late to cancel and get a refund, you decide to roll the dice and make the best of it, hoping the weather will turn around and become more favorable.

After arriving at the airport, you and your friends rent an SUV, stop to buy some food and other provisions, and venture down a long dirt road to a designated parking area before heading out on foot to the lodge. The path up to the parking area is a windy uphill track, which would make getting back down nearly impossible in heavy snow, and you have no idea if the road below is regularly cleared or not. It’s inconvenient, but you have to make several trips back to the car in order to carry all your supplies to the lodge. However, you’re confident your experience will be a positive one and you have enough food and water to hold you over for the few days you’ll be there.

The Complication

You bring a small battery-operated radio to get updates on weather since cell service in this area is practically non-existent. Daylight is also compromised by the fact that sunrise in this part of Alaska typically happens around 11 a.m., with sunset occurring around 2:30 p.m. You settle in for the night with winds picking up and heavy snowfall, hoping that the weather will pass you by. You rise early to trek out to the hunting blinds and wait, but the snowfall is practically at window level now. You and a few friends have to force the door open to push the snowpack back far enough to even get a leg through the door. In other words, your situation is getting grim, and you decide not to risk getting caught in the continuing blizzard by going out to hunt.

The radio is saying the blizzard is one of the worst in the state’s history, and it’s anticipated to go on for two weeks. Then, the unexpected begins happening. Power at the lodge goes out. The gas system soon freezes over, as does the water, meaning you have nothing to drink except what you brought. There’s no heat in the lodge except for an old potbelly stove that you’ll have to go procure wood for. The food and water you brought isn’t going to last a couple weeks. What do you do? Try to get back to the car, which may be compromised by an impassable road? Attempt to walk until you find help or cell service? Try and wait it out? What’s the best course of action for this situation? We asked cold-weather survival expert Jerry Saunders and forester Patrick Diedrich for their takes on the situation.

Forester Patrick Diedrich’s Approach

Thinking about spending a multi-day trip in an environment as majestic and foreboding as Alaska can be an exhilarating — and perhaps intimidating — proposition. Living in the relative comfort of the lower 48 means that I have access to just about anything I could want, including close proximity to developed communities and their emergency services. As I plan for a hunting trip to one of the most remote locations in North America, knowing in advance that a severe blizzard is on the way, I use one word to guide my planning process: redundancy.

Hunting in freezing temperatures can be tricky in the best of circumstances, and I want to be confident that my friends and I will have an enjoyable trip, regardless of a massive snowstorm on the way. When I come back home, I want to stock my freezer full of freshly harvested game, not to nurse frostbite. I start thinking about the most likely scenarios my friends and I will find ourselves in the middle of and work from there. Out of everything that could possibly happen, at a minimum we’ll need several strategies to stay warm, hydrated, and consume enough calories to maintain a healthy metabolism in cold conditions.

Pre-trip planning also includes doing a little research on the behavior of the plants and animals in the region, doing some map reconnaissance and identifying nearby towns or useful natural resources. One of the most important things anyone can do before heading out into the wilderness — whether it’s for a few hours or a few days — is to let someone know where you’ll be and how long you plan to be there. Before I find myself in a place with no cell reception, I let friends and family know what’s going on. Since we’re going to an isolated lodge in central Alaska, it may also be a wise decision to reach out to local emergency services, and just let them know where we’ll be staying. If they don’t hear from us after an extended inclement weather event, they’ll know to at least check on us after things have calmed down.

 

Backcountry Living
After disembarking from the plane in Alaska, the first thing I do is ensure I leave the airport with a 4WD vehicle. The higher the ground clearance the better, in case the snow starts to accumulate on the road on our way there. My own vehicle would have a strong tow strap and some emergency gear, and I’d try to acquire this for the rental. If these items are unavailable, other than giving the vehicle a careful inspection and filling it with a full tank of gas, I’ll just have to drive more slowly and be extra cautious while heading to the lodge.

Since it seems like hunting for dinner may not be an option, I’m going to need extra provisions. On the way to the lodge, we stop at the nearest store and load up. High winds and blowing snow almost always result in trees over power lines. No power can render any steps to keep water flowing or heat radiating completely useless. Sure, there’s plenty of wood to burn in the surrounding forests, but acquiring firewood is physically intensive. Pair that with working in the cold, and the average adult could potentially burn thousands more calories than they would under normal conditions. This means preparing extra calories, ideally foods high in fat, protein, and sugars. We buy as many extra nuts, canned meats, and snacks like granola or peanut butter as we can reasonably bring with us.

Calories accounted for, we double-check to make sure we have packed everything we’d normally bring on a camping trip, plus a few specialty items for hunting in the snow — sleeping bags rated for freezing temperatures, tarps, and wool blankets to stay warm. Items made of modern wool are a great way to reduce the amount of gear I need to bring and avoid having items out of commission if they get soggy. Redundancy as my mantra, I make sure to pack enough so if anything important gets wet or broken, I have some kind of contingency. Tools for starting a fire, such as lighters and matches are a no-brainer, but having a few extra is better than running out when you need it most. For preparing firewood, we need an ax and a crosscut or bowsaw. Chainsaws are a nice luxury, but they also require fuel, sharpening, and firm footing on the ground — all of which may be unavailable, and too cumbersome to stock up on. Snowshoes and a sled for easily moving a carcass or firewood will also make life much easier.

After triple-checking our supplies and arriving at the parking location, we quickly begin moving our supplies from the vehicle to the lodge. Two of us will make any necessary trips to get all the gear and food up to the lodge, while the third begins looking for more firewood and kindling. Restocking a healthy supply of firewood before leaving a lodge or campsite is considered the pinnacle of proper backcountry etiquette. But, even if we find a good stash of dry wood when we get to the lodge, it’d be prudent to collect as much as we can before the snow starts to really starts to fly in earnest. In this region, it’ll most likely be paper birch or sitka spruce that burns with the highest amount of BTUs, and as an additional bonus, the resinous bark of paper birch will light on fire wet or dry. Upon completion of the move-in, we hunker down for the night with flashlights and the emergency radio on standby.

Staying Toasty
Knowing in advance that a winter storm is moving in, waking up to rapidly accumulating snowfall isn’t alarming. But losing power and heat changes this outing from a hunting event to a survival situation. Using the final moments of the propane heat to get organized and come up with a plan is critical.

Getting everyone into the same room as the potbellied stove, we systematically seal all drafts with wadded paper, duct tape, or whatever we can find. We’d also need to ensure that the flue on the stove is open, and that the chimney is free of any obstructions or perforations to avoid succumbing to carbon monoxide poisoning. Everyone stacks as much firewood as we can find close enough to the stove that the radiant heat will help dry out any moisture. We then summon our inner children to build a multi-layered living room tent out of some of the tarps and blankets we brought. This is going to be an A-frame-style shelter with the back sealed to the floor and the opening facing the stove. Doing this creates an insulating effect between us and the interior walls, reducing the amount of fire we need to burn to stay reasonably warm.

One of us will always be on fire duty, watching the potbellied stove to ensure the fire is burning continuously. The designated fire attendant will also monitor our emergency radio for any important messages relayed by the National Weather Service. The remaining two people can either catch some shut eye or use any breaks in the weather to go in search of more firewood and food.
If we leave to gather more supplies, we must be careful not to allow too much warm air to escape. Much like an airlock on a spaceship, instead of leaving directly from the stove room, we use an adjacent room to venture outdoors. This may mean having to use a window closer to the ceiling if the snow is too high, or tunneling our way up using the outside wall of the lodge as a guide. Some buildings this far north even have what are called “doors to nowhere” exclusively for this purpose.

If the weather persists much longer than our supply of wood is lasting, we could use the axe and saw to start breaking down any wooden furniture or cabinets to keep the fire from dying. The worst-case scenario would be having to cannibalize the wooden structure of the lodge to a point that using any more material would expose the warm room to the outside. This could be avoided with thorough initial preps and a watchful eye on weather conditions.

Hunting in the Snow
Maybe the storm will not be as terrible as predicted, and we’ll get to do what we came for. Waiting comfortably in one place in the cold is an art that’s not as easy as it sounds. Wearing multiple layers that I can vent while moving from lodge to blind, and vice versa, will avoid excessive sweat accumulation.

Bringing a day pack will allow room for additional gear or give me a place to store layers to prevent overheating. Additional items to avoid cold injuries and ensure a successful hunt would be a face mask and ski-goggles, hand and boot warmers, trail mix, a thermos, binos, and an emergency fire-starting kit. Hunting this deep into the backcountry means I will most likely not have to stray too far from the lodge to yield results, and I don’t feel like having a satellite phone or some other expensive GPS communication is absolutely necessary. But a reliable compass and a roll of neon flagging will help me get to and from the blind without getting disoriented. If visibility worsens and white-out conditions seem like a possibility, I’ll retrace my path and head back immediately.

Nourishment
Having three square meals a day isn’t as concerning as staying hydrated. Even if we’re unable to hunt, and we run out of our provisions, we’ll survive for several weeks if we stay warm and have access to sterile drinking water. A silver lining to this scenario is that we have frozen water in abundance all around us. By keeping that potbellied stove fired up, we can continuously melt snow and boil it to kill any harmful biological contaminants. If there’s access to certain evergreen trees, there may even be needles and scales to make tea rich in vitamin C. Our initial preps should help us avoid any serious hunger concerns, but to be safe, we’ll ration food by dividing it into as many days as the blizzard is forecasted to last. Eating before trying to go outside to hunt or gather wood may give us just enough energy to perform these tasks without becoming overly fatigued.

Fighting Panic
Keeping spirits high is just as important as warding off the cold and staying hydrated. Having a positive mental attitude has been scientifically proven to help people heal from injuries faster and avoid getting sick. Many of us are not used to the prolonged absence of sensory stimulation, so being isolated in silence can be unnerving. Staying focused on the duties that need to be done instead of dwelling on the dire circumstances is one way to avoid anxiety. Another way could be to come up with games or find something to keep our minds and hands busy, such as working on ways to improve our living situation.

Cold-Weather Survival Instructor Jerry Saunders’ Approach

Rolling the dice on a possible two-week blizzard in Chandalar, Alaska, would be a very calculated decision. I wouldn’t even consider attempting a gamble like this unless the plus two that I am bringing are seasoned veterans of the cold as well. If I’m going on a sketchy backcountry adventure, I want several trusted people to know where I am and do as much as they can to get me out, but only if they can do so without compromising their own safety.

In 1991, a Canadian C-130 Hercules crashed just 12 miles from the base it was tasked with resupplying. Due to a severe blizzard, it took the Canadian military over 30 hours to get to the crash site. Many people died due to exposure (-60 degrees F) and many more people willingly put their lives at risk to save them. Being stuck in a cabin for two weeks is an inconvenience — don’t turn it into a survival situation for everyone.

PREPARATION

Comms Plan: If I know a blizzard is coming and there’s a possibility of my 72-hour hunting trip turning into a future survival documentary, I’m going to call the lodge owner prior to departing the lower 48 and ask about contingencies and available resources in the area. I’m going to leave my detailed itinerary with my emergency contact and give them explicit instructions to “notify everyone” if I don’t call within 24 hours of my planned re-contact time. I may not be in immediate danger, but it’s nice to be a blip on more radars than less.

Bring the Right Gear: One of the best pieces of gear you can take with you to an extreme cold-weather environment is a ticket for an extra checked bag. It doesn’t matter what I’m already carrying. I use an old G.I. sea bag because it’s long enough to hold my larger items and robust enough to keep gear from tearing through. Snowshoes, ax, Silky Big Boy saw, avalanche shovel, large cold-weather boots, and most of my heavy weight down items travel there to pad it. Spend the time beforehand acquiring the proper sizes and clothing for the environment. I’d avoid a travel plan solely based on attempting to rent or purchase these items upon arrival. Remote locations are notorious for having unreliable supply chains and making wrong sizes “work.”

Map Study: Print hard copies. Then laminate these hard copies. Everyone gets one, and everyone is clear on basic routes to key items, such as the nearest airport or best medevac route. Even on a sunny day, this is an important lifesaving precaution. Technology is great, but the cold has a nasty habit of draining batteries and with the forecasted blizzard, having low to no reception should come as no surprise.

I like to use www.caltopo.com to print my maps. I can add and remove layers as I see fit, and it has tools to measure distance and mark my route. For a trip with this much risk involved, I definitely want to have magnetic azimuths and distances from the lodge to the hunting blinds and any location that may aid my exit strategy, such as the parking area and the airstrip.
Along with map and compass, I carry a Garmin InReach. This acts as nav and part of my comm plan also, but I don’t heavily rely on it.

Dress for Failure: “Tighty whities” have no place in the tundra. I say that because it’s funny and it catches your attention, but the infamous tight, white, cotton undergarment is a perfect example of what not to wear. The old adage “cotton kills” is meant to be a stern warning, but not always true. Cotton isn’t recommended as an undergarment because it’s absorbent and holds the sweat next to your body. Having that moisture in contact with your skin is what robs your body of heat. However, wool and many other synthetics do not absorb the moisture like cotton, but transport it from inside of the clothing to the outside and allow it to evaporate away using your body’s natural radiation. That’s called “wicking.”

Avoid tight-fitting clothing as it can constrict your blood flow. If you’re not walking, loosen your boots and when you’re on the move, don’t over-tighten them.

Dress in layers. The base layer is next to your skin and consists of undergarments if you so choose, and a lightweight wool shirt/pant combo. The mid-weight layer goes over the base layer and usually consists of a quarter-zip fleece and fleece pant combo. On top of that goes the heavy down layer. I have many pieces of down for different levels of warmth, but for blind hunting below zero, I want the heaviest stuff I have. Finally, the environmental layer consists of materials meant to be impervious to rain, wind, and snow, but it should still have zipper vents for when I’m on the move.

Only bring wool socks. Don’t skimp here. Wear only one pair unless you buy the next size up. Two pairs in the same size will be too constricting.

A la Carte: Two items I carry in my hunting pack for emergencies are a MSR Windburner personal camp stove and two freeze-dried meals. These are typically compressed as small as possible and wrapped in duct tape for the best storage.

Going into an extreme cold-weather environment, I know that my calorie intake will need to increase from the recommended 2,000 calories a day to somewhere closer to 9,000 calories a day. While on a ski trip into the Arctic, I was eating a pound of butter and six chocolate bars a day, on top of the three meals I was eating already, and I was still losing weight. So, buy lots of butter, chocolate, and bacon.

A practice I put in place a long time ago when travelling to remote northern villages is that when doing my planned stop at a grocery store for supplies, on top of everything else I buy, I always make sure to pick up one of those 12-pack boxes of ramen. If I can, I buy the spicy ones — they warm you up faster. For around $6, you can have 12 extra meals, supplement current meals, or just have something to leave behind for the next guy.

Buddy Check: Verify that you have redundancies within your group. Make sure up to the departure date that you’re talking and asking each other the tough questions. Did you leave a solid contact plan? Do you have the meds you need? And make sure to know who has allergies to what.

CRISIS

Horse and Rider Concept: Imagine for a minute that your brain is a horse. Horses are more quick and powerful than you and I will ever be, but also highly emotional. If you’ve ever seen an out-of-control horse, you know that’s a problem. Now also imagine a small but very rational rider, controlling the horse and not allowing it to run wild. You need to be that rider at this moment.
Priorities of work become very defined at this point. You need to dig out, ensure proper ventilation, stay dry, warm, and fed. You have all that you need at the cabin. At this point, attempting an exit strategy could serve to only further compound the problem.

W.I.N. (What’s Important Now?): With utilities out, I’d immediately transition to the woodstove. Dig yourself out of the front door, or if you have to, go out a second story or loft window if available. With bad visibility, I’m going to tether myself to a secure part of the house using paracord or some other secure makeshift leash. If there’s a woodstove, there may be a woodpile lying around. This is one of the key things I look for when taking initial inventory at a rental cabin.

IBT (Individual Based Tactics): While I’m working outside, the other two of my group can be inside improving and insulating a new place to sleep. Close what doors you can and hang a covering over open doorways to act as an airlock. I’ve even used my SOL two-person survival blanket and sewing needles from my survival kit to accomplish this task.

THE LAST FRONTIER

If you’ve never worked with a wood stove, here’s a crash course of everything I’ve learned in the last six years of heating my cabin with only wood.

Cold air is heavy. Start with a relatively clean stove. Make sure all the ports are open — you want it to draw as much oxygen as possible. The initial moments of your fire need to be really intense in order to push the cold air up and out. If it’s only snow blocking the stove pipe, it will burn up and through it, but if it’s ice, you’re going to have to clear it.

Burn it wide open. It might be tempting to try and dampen the fire to make it last longer, but this makes it more prone to smoke and increases the risk of a chimney fire. Who knows when it was cleaned last? Play it safe and burn it to completion. If your room is small, you won’t need to keep it going non-stop.

Clean but not too clean. Ash is insulative. You’ll need to clean out the stove at some point. Clean out enough to allow sufficient space for the burn, but leave about an inch of ash on the bottom of the stove. Toss the ash outside to help give you traction on the ice and snow.

Gather wood. You need a sled. It’s a staple of any northern hunting lodge. You don’t really use backpacks in over-the-snow travel, you use a sled to disperse the weight onto the snow behind you. If you can’t find one, make it. It’ll take about a full-size tree a day. Birch will be your most easily identified tree here. You’ll know it by its white bark that peels off like paper. Save the bark because this is some bulletproof tinder. This is why I never travel without my ax and a good saw like the Silky Big Boy. With this saw/ax combo, it takes me roughly two hours to process a tree to ready to burn firewood.

Create a routine. Take turns getting wood, splitting wood, and cleaning the stove. Chores such as this can become a choke point and create discord in the group.

UTILITIES

With the power out, there’s no electricity for the well to draw water. Grab a pot from the kitchen, and pour what water you have in it. “It takes water to make water.” By just throwing snow in a pot, you can impart a seriously burnt taste on your water. If it’s a large enough pot, it’ll just lightly steam all day and put back the moisture in the air that the woodstove will take out.

Be aware that propane is an odorless gas, but has an added chemical called mercaptan. Mercaptan gives it the offensive “rotten egg” smell. If you smell this at any time, you must get out and ventilate immediately. As far as troubleshooting the gas system, here’s what I know: Start at the tank, lift the protective cap on the tank, and check the gauge first, so you know if you even have gas. Then, follow the copper line to a regulator — it looks roughly the size of a hamburger and will usually be brown or white. While propane doesn’t freeze until it reaches around -44 degrees F, sometimes the regulators can stick or become frozen. If it appears frosted, you may be able to wrap a few of the disposable handwarmers around it and wrap it with a towel to gently rewarm and insulate it. Don’t forget to explore the property. You might find other heating options, such as a propane grill outside, or a Mr. Buddy Heater stored with ice fishing stuff.

DON'T FORGET THE OWNER'S CLOSET

Most of the rental properties that I’ve frequented up north, and I know the ones I take care of for people, all have an “owner’s closet.” This is a survival situation treasure trove. It’s usually stocked with family photos, the water heater, the owner’s personal tools, booze, and an emergency cache. Accessing it only requires the SERE Pick Bogota picks that I keep in my Wazoo Cache belt. In the worst case, a mechanical breach and an apology check would probably suffice.

This is a serious inconvenience, a true survival situation, and a sh*tty day all rolled into one. Given recent events in Texas, an extreme cold-weather event isn’t just isolated to the far north anymore. Have a plan for your home, make an emergency cache and maintain it. Be prepared and be responsible for your own life. No plan survives first contact, but with enough preparation and training, you’ll see the sun on the other side.

While some may entertain the idea of having to trap mice or rodents inside the lodge for food, please consider that many owners utilize rat poison in their rodent control plan. Many of these poisons such as Bromadiolone are very potent and have the ability to cause “secondary poisoning.” Such poison is an anticoagulant and can cause you to bleed out internally.

Conclusion

Climate control, GPS, and modern plumbing are things most of us will always take for granted until they’re taken away. But these are relatively new technologies when compared to the entire span of humanity’s existence. Something to always think about when considering a survival situation is that, if humans couldn’t live without these amenities, our species would’ve perished long ago. No matter how deep the snow, how frigid the temperature, or how seemingly insurmountable the odds, we can persist if we attack the situation with unrelenting determination.

These tips and techniques are, of course, applicable to any urban environment that may also be suffering a cold spell. When people are freezing to death in a major metropolis, it should be glaringly obvious that everyone needs to understand how to protect themselves from being deprived of daily conveniences and utilities. Taking winter survival courses from accredited instructors and stocking up on the aforementioned clothing and supplies can go a long way in an emergency.

Meet Our Panel

Black and white photo of Patrick Diedrich. Patrick Diedrich

Patrick Diedrich is a seasoned survival expert with over 20 years of experience. He served as a Cavalry Scout, volunteered as the Training Officer for Superior Search and Rescue, owned and operated his own Consulting Forestry business, and dabbles as a novice knife maker. A Michigan Technological University graduate, he’s contributed to several publications like founded Vargold3T.com—a platform offering free survival courses—and now manages Recoil Offgrid as the Editorial Content Director. Patrick’s experience in managing real-world disasters, and his commitment to sharing his knowledge makes him a trusted and respected figure in self-reliance.

Black and white photo of Jerry Saunders. Jerry Saunders

Jerry Saunders is a Marine Corps veteran, Scout Sniper, and former Staff NCO in charge of Survival for the United States Marine Corps, Mountain Warfare Training Center. He has trained U.S. and foreign military units across the globe and is internationally recognized for his work in cold weather survival. Saunders recently moved his company Corvus Survival up to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan where he holds private survival classes and operates a small custom knife shop all while rebuilding an old homestead. Learn more about him at corvussurvival.com.


Gear Up: New Survival Gear for January 2022

OffGrid Utility Bag Window Kit

NOTES
You don’t need to be a superspy or a tier-one operator to be concerned about online security. Everyone should be. After all, as the world and its processes become increasingly digital, so too are the criminals. That’s why OffGrid LLC (a tech company not to be confused with this publication) offers the Utility Bag Window Kit. It comes with three bags of different sizes, each made of lightweight, Faraday technology that provides heavy-duty protection against intrusions made through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, cellular, RFID, or FM radio. That means each bag shields its device from any outside network so it can’t be hacked, tracked, or even detected. Plus, each bag is flexible yet durable and wear resistant, so they’re ideal for traveling.

CONSISTS OF
3 bags for a laptop, tablet, and mobile device

MSRP
$330

URL
offgrid.co

Legend Compression Wear Cold Weather Merino Wool Tactical Boot Socks

COLOR
Coyote Brown

MSRP
$25

URL
legendcompressiontactical.com

NOTES
We’re big fans of wool — especially wool blends. Why? Because this super fabric is moisture wicking, odor resistant, and temperature regulating. And it continues to provide warmth even when wet. Nowadays, it’s combined with nylon and spandex to increase comfort and mobility while eliminating itchiness. These cold-weather socks from Legend feature all of the pluses of wool with one added benefit: compression. These mid-calf socks provide mild pressure and arch support to encourage blood flow, reduce soreness, and combat foot fatigue — all essential attributes when you’re hiking, rucking, or patrolling in boots. Moreover, dense terry cushion helps retain heat in frigid conditions. Worn by U.S. special operators around the world, these Legend socks are also flame resistant and incredibly durable.

Nutrient Survival Peanut Butter Bar Meals

SERVINGS PER CAN
10

MSRP
$35

URL
nutrientsurvival.com

NOTES
Did you know that your long-term caches don’t have to be stacked with only MREs and hardtack? Nutrient Survival makes a whole array of food, snacks, and beverages that don’t just last long but taste good, too. One such example is its Peanut Butter Bar Meals. Made of rolled oats, brown rice crisps, milled flax seed, and roasted peanuts, each serving (two rectangles) provide 14 vitamins, 14 minerals, Omega-3, Omega-6, 290 calories, 14 grams of protein, and 39 grams of carbs. While their shelf life is 18 months (and not three to five years like other survival snacks), the Peanut Butter Bar Meals are easily the most delicious and nutritious we’ve reviewed in this market.

True North Tradecraft Pandemic Measures

FORMAT
PDF

MSRP
$7

URL
truenorthtradecraft.ca

NOTES
If you’re reading this, there’s a good chance you’re already stocked up and handling the current situation pretty well. But we’re big advocates of doing periodic review of the fundamentals, which is why we recommend Pandemic Measures by Boris Milinkovich of True North Tradecraft. (He has served more than 20 years in the Canadian military and federal law enforcement.) His 40-page booklet is an easy-to-read and well-organized set of guidelines for making it through the current COVID-19 crisis, but also preparing for any future disasters. It also touches on topics that other manuals often miss, such as emotional needs that stem from isolation. Pandemic Measures makes a great gift for friends and relatives who you want to encourage to pursue preparedness.

Mantis Laser Academy Training Kit

CONTAINS
Pink Rhino laser, two sets of targets, mini tripod, large tripod, a set of target holders, laser cartridge extraction stick, portable carrying case, and access code to Mantis Laser Academy

MSRP
$149

URL
mantisx.com

NOTES
Everyone remembers the Great Ammo Shortage of 2020. Back then, if you were doing live-fire training, you were forking over double (or triple?) the cost for what a box of cartridges used to be, dipping into your ammunition stockpile, or just not training all that much. That’s why we’re pumped to see the Laser Academy Training Kit. This unique kit uses a laser cartridge that drops into your handgun’s chamber and fires a beam down the barrel every time the firing pin strikes it. These laser “shots” hit a Mantis target that is analyzed by your app-enabled phone or mobile device. This kit allows for a multitude of training drills — all without having to burn a single live round.

CRKT Catchall

OAL
10.25 inches

MSRP
$80

URL
crkt.com

NOTES
If the RAT-II isn’t beefy enough for your upcoming adventure, consider this fixed blade from Columbia River Knife & Tool. As its moniker denotes, the Catchall is a versatile edged tool that can excel in a variety of scenarios — whether it’s a hunting trip, a campfire cooking session, or an out-and-out survival situation. This 5.51-inch-long blade is made of high carbon stainless steel, giving you plenty of strength and power for skinning game or batoning firewood. Its modified sheepsfoot shape still has a strong tip for defensive thrusting or for more precise cutting for prepping meals. While the glass-reinforced nylon handle is more contoured than we prefer, it does fit comfortably in our medium-sized hands. It comes with a polymer sheath.

Adventure Medical Kits MOLLE Bag Trauma Kit 1.0

DIMENSIONS
7.87 by 5.51 by 3.54 inches

MSRP
$55

URL
www.adventuremedicalkits.com

NOTES
Whether you take a nasty tumble during a hike, encounter a car collision on your daily commute, or inadvertently cut yourself while chopping veggies, accidents happen. Fortunately, the MOLLE Bag Trauma Kit 1.0 has what you need to treat wounds before emergency services can arrive. As its name implies, it’s designed to be attached to your modular pack or chest rig and has enough supplies so that you can venture out from your basecamp for a day or two. It comes with 2-foot QuikClot dressing, bandages, dressings, and medications to handle the most common types of wounds, bleeding, and fractures or sprains. If that’s not enough, it comes with a compact medical guidebook that contains 100 illustrations for treating outdoor injuries and illnesses.

GORUCK Task Force Dagger Jacket

COLORS
Black, Black and Green

MSRP
$195

URL
goruck.com

NOTES
Our first reaction after putting on this jacket was, “Wow. This is a badass jacket.” Which was kinda surprising because at first glance it doesn’t look that different from most other fleece jackets. But this GORUCK jacket naturally hikes to the front of the line. Why? First is the Polartec 300-series fleece, which isn’t just super soft and comfy but also breathable despite being able to retain a lot of warmth. Its lightweight polyester yarns can also repel moisture and dry quickly. Next is its top-quality manufacturing — the jacket is durable, abrasion resistant, and won’t pill under a rucking backpack. Plus, it has two front zippered pockets and a chest zippered pocket. Made in the USA.

UPKnife UPK-T1 Rocket Tool

OAL
3.82 inches

MSRP
$30

URL
upknife.com

NOTES
Many one-piece multi-tools are more gimmicky than useful. Fortunately, the Rocket Tool falls in the latter group. Made of 154CM stainless steel, it’s a smartly designed pocket tool that can house in its center either a 2-inch hex bit or two 1-inch bits, which aren’t included. But what is included are heavy-duty O-rings to secure your bit(s) while increasing grip comfort. The two “hooks” on either side are dual claw pry arms. On the top end is a No. 2 Philips driver, and just below that is a 1/4-inch hex box end, which can also hold a bit. And on the opposite side sits a flat pry bar with a center split. The Rocket Tool is compact, lightweight, and functional.

Liteband Activ 520

COLOR
Night

MSRP
$50

URL
liteband.com

NOTES
Liteband brings a revolutionary approach to headlamps by providing a 210-degree beam of light from a low-profile headband. Its design allows for a much wider area of illumination while distributing the weight on your head more evenly. This bucks the traditional design, which tends to have a heavy and bulky light source in the front that provides a narrow field of light. Designed for hikers, campers, and outdoor athletes, the Activ 520 has five modes, including red, flashing, and a high of 520 lumens. It can run for up to 26 hours in low mode on a single 1,800-mAh rechargeable battery. Plus, it has an IPX4 rating, meaning it’s waterproof and can resist dust, debris, and impacts.

Work Sharp Guided Field Sharpener

WEIGHT
4.6 ounces

MSRP
$35

URL
worksharptools.com

NOTES
The Guided Field Sharpener isn’t just lightweight and easy to use, it has five sharpening surfaces with built-in guides to restore and maintain a wide range of tools, from fixed blades and serrated folding knives to axes and fish hooks. There’s even a leather strop to get that final polish. Held in place by strong magnets, the two 4×1-inch diamond grit plates can be removed by hand to reveal two archery broadhead wrenches on one side and an open compartment on the other to store tinder, matches, or other small items inside the body of the sharpener. Brilliantly designed with quality workmanship, the Guided Field Sharpener is one of the best manual sharpeners available today.

Ontario Knife Co. RAT-II

OAL
7.125 inches

MSRP
$50

URL
ontarioknife.com

NOTES
While we love expensive knives, when it comes to a blade for everyday carry or a sojourn into the backcountry, we keep the safe queens at home and instead look for an affordable yet reliable model. The RAT-II certainly fits that bill. Made of AUS-8 stainless steel, this drop-point blade is sharp, versatile, and rust resistant. While the handle is made out of budget nylon, it does have just enough texture to give you a firm grasp, and the bone color makes it easier to find in a pack or if you dropped it in some foliage. Designed by Randall’s Adventure Training and manufactured by Ontario Knife Co., the RAT-II is a trustworthy knife in the field that won’t break the bank at home.


First Look: Magpul & Maztech X4 Smart Rifle System

In the early days of aviation, fighter pilots navigated with a magnetic compass and aimed their guns with iron sights. Today, that's almost unthinkable. Modern pilots are able to use heads-up displays and sensors to maximize their combat capabilities and cut out guesswork — imagine if the same could be done for shooters on terra firma. At SHOT Show 2022, we were able to take our first look at a new suite of technology that's taking on this challenge in the commercial AR-15 market: the Magpul x Maztech X4 smart rifle system.

What We Know About the Magpul x Maztech X4 System

One of the prototypes of the Maztech X4 FCS on display at SHOT Show 2022.

This X4 “sensor fusion” system will consist of many modular elements, but the core is the Maztech X4 FCS (Fire Control System). It's essentially a scope mount that converts a standard 30mm or 34mm low-power variable optic (LPVO) into a smart optic with a heads-up display. If you already own an LPVO, you can simply drop it into the X4 FCS mount to enhance its capabilities.

Magpul rendering showing the FCS data overlay.

This display collects data from other components in the Magpul x Maztech X4 family. With an X4 LRF laser rangefinder module, it is capable of showing range to a target and indicating the recommended hold-over based on ballistic data. We're told you'll be able to input custom rifle and ammo profiles into the unit via a USB port, and will even be able to adjust data on the fly using a control knob on the side of the X4 FCS unit.

If you equip your rifle with Magpul's X4 PMAG and grip module, it will also provide an electronic round counter to track how many rounds are remaining in the weapon, and how many are remaining elsewhere in your loadout (e.g. on your belt or chest rig). Representatives at the company's SHOT Show booth demonstrated this functionality using mags filled with dummy rounds. The round count data can be displayed on a cylindrical unit that attaches to a picatinny rail (pictured above), can be viewed through the FCS scope overlay, or can even be communicated wirelessly to other members of your group.

Magpul's promotional video reiterates that the X4 system is not just intended for multi-million-dollar government contracts — it will be commercially available to the public, and “its components won't have the high prices normally associated with advanced technologies.” At this stage, no exact pricing has been given. Maztech says the X4 FCS will be available in the fourth quarter of 2022; release dates for the other components are unknown at this time.

Too Good to be True?

On one hand, we're excited about the prospect of using technology to improve shooting accuracy and efficiency. Being able to glance through the reticle and know the exact range and corresponding hold-over for a target would be very helpful, and we've always wanted round counters since we saw them on the M41A pulse rifles in Alien.

On the other hand, there are still a lot of questions at this early stage of the Magpul x Magtech X4 system's development — these include reliability, durability, battery life, ease of use in the field, and cost. We weren't reassured by the fact that we couldn't even touch the FCS units on display at SHOT Show (we tried and were reprimanded by a booth worker, who said they're still fragile prototypes). Task & Purpose voiced some similar concerns in their writeup about the system.

Hopefully the development process continues and bears commercially-viable results, because we'll be disappointed if this turns out to be vaporware.