Lime Peel Candy: An Early American Snack Recipe

Food waste is a major problem throughout the world — sadly, edible food spoils on shelves while millions of people go hungry. Wasted food is also a serious consideration for survivalists, since every item we throw in the trash depletes both our food stockpiles and our savings. Less waste means more food on the table, and more money in your wallet to put towards other resources.

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That said, you don't need to begrudgingly eat tasteless or unappetizing leftovers. There are many ways to turn scraps into delicious treats that you'll actually look forward to. For example, citrus fruit peels can be made into candy with the addition of a little sugar and water.

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The following method of making lime peel candy dates back to the colonial period in America, and has been explained by Townsends, a YouTube channel that specializes in early American recipes. We previously shared the channel's helpful video on pemmican, the original protein bar.

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To make lime peel candy, peels are cut into thin strips, then placed in water, brought to a boil, and drained. The strips are boiled and drained two more times, softening them and mellowing their flavor. The peel strips are finally candied in a 50/50 water and sugar mixture, and sprinkled with granulated sugar.

This same method can be applied to other citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, as seen in the video below. If you have a backyard garden to grow these fruits, that'll just make the process even more sustainable in a long-term survival situation.


SCG Boot Amphibious Expedition Vehicle

For those who don't closely follow automotive industry news, the name Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus (SCG) may be completely unknown. This small-scale American car manufacturer is owned by multimillionaire film producer and entrepreneur James Glickenhaus, and made waves in the motorsport world with the production of the SCG 003, an ultra-high-performance carbon fiber car designed for endurance racing.

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The SCG 003S is a street-legal version of the Glickenhaus race car.

Glickenhaus is known for his collection of rare vintage racing vehicles, and for his interest in financing modern reinterpretations of those classics. One of the prized vehicles in Glickenhaus's collection is an off-road buggy known as the Baja Boot. The original 1967 Baja Boot was custom-built for the legendary actor Steve McQueen, in order to compete in a grueling off-road race now known as the Baja 1000. Only two were ever made — one is in a museum, the other belongs to Glickenhaus.

The original 1967 Baja Boot, once owned by Steve McQueen

The original 1967 Baja Boot, once owned by Steve McQueen

Inspired by the original Baja Boot, Glickenhaus set out to create a modern reinterpretation of the vehicle, known as the SCG Boot. SCG intends to push this vehicle to its limits by entering it in the Baja 1000 and other classic off-road races starting in 2019. A press release reads, “Unlike trophy trucks, our Boots will be fully road legal, and able to drive on and off the road.” The company also plans to attempt to set a world altitude driving record by driving the Boot up the side of the 22,615-foot Ojos del Salado volcano in the Andes Mountains. But that's not all.

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SCG recently announced plans to drive a Boot expedition vehicle from New York to Paris in 2020 — and they won't be doing it by crossing the Atlantic. The SCG Boot will be driven west through North America, amphibiously across the Bering Sea, down the Road of Bones in eastern Russia, across the Trans-Siberian Highway through Beijing, Moscow, and St. Petersburg, and across eastern Europe to arrive in France.

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Connect the dots — the SCG Boot is being developed to make this journey.

In a true mic-drop moment, Glickenhaus published a Facebook post with “a formal invitation” to any and all manufacturers of SUVs to join the SCG Boot on its globe-trotting journey. Although we doubt any other automakers will be willing to attempt it, we're excited at the prospect. Glickenhaus wrote, “We plan to leave Times Square Summer 2020.”

Ordinarily, we might assume that these plans (and the vehicle itself) will never come to fruition, but SCG has proven it has the desire and resources to take on some extremely ambitious projects. We'll definitely be watching to see how this trip plays out.

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For off-roaders who are interested in buying an SCG Boot of their own, the road-legal version will reportedly be ready as soon as 2019. MSRP will reportedly start at roughly $100,000 — amphibious attachments sold separately.


New: Osprey Levity & Lumina Ultralight Packs

There's an old military saying that's relevant to the backpacking community: ounces equal pounds, and pounds equal pain. The more weight you carry, the more physical strength and endurance you'll need to carry it comfortably for a mile — or in many cases, five, ten, or twenty. That's not to say that you should ditch all your survival gear and live out of a fanny pack, but it reinforces the fact that you should carefully consider every pound (or fraction of a pound) you carry into the wilderness.

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One effective way to reduce your load is by looking at the pack itself. If you can select an ultralight backpack, that provides a lower overall weight and more headroom for valuable gear. Osprey has released a new series of packs known as the Levity and Lumina. The company designates these as “superultralight” — they weigh between 1.71 and 2.02 pounds, depending on size, but can carry up to 15 times that weight.

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The Osprey Levity and Lumina are men's and women's variants of the same design, and each model is available in either 45-liter or 60-liter capacity. All packs feature a 6065 aluminum frame, 3D-tensioned breathable mesh backpanel, Exoform hipbelt, and Exoform harness with a rescue-whistle sternum strap.

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Left: the 45L Levity. Right: the 60L Levity.

The packs' silver exterior is made from NanoFly fabric, which integrates ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) ripstop and Cordura Nylon components, materials the company says “minimize pack weight without sacrificing durability”. The men's Levity features Parallax blue accents; the women's Lumina features Cyan accents.
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The 45L versions of the Osprey Levity and Lumina are rated for a load range of 5-25 pounds, while the 60L versions can carry 10-30 pounds. MSRP is $250 and $270, respectively. For more info on these packs, go to Osprey.com.


Review: TOPS MSF 4.0 Bushcraft Folding Knife

We've all heard of the KISS principle — keep it simple, stupid. When you're out in the backcountry, whether it's a relaxed weekend camping trip or a harrowing cross-country trek, this principle is a way of life. It's the voice in your head that says, no, I probably don't need to bring that panini press on the trail today.

Simplicity is also the reason some of the most experienced outdoorsmen are still relying on tools some of us would consider archaic, while the inexperienced gravitate to the fancy multi-purpose gear.

For example, a luxurious tent contains many parts which can be lost or damaged, but a bivvy bag can still keep you warm and dry with less components to worry about. A 23-function multi-tool sounds good on paper, but you might find that 22 of those functions never get used in the real world. And that high-tech GPS unit is great until it breaks or loses signal — then you'll be back to using a magnetic compass.

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When it comes to folding knives, you can spend all day browsing through unusual blade profiles, serration patterns, space-age materials, spring-loaded mechanisms, and innovative lock designs. There's nothing wrong with these bells and whistles for a knife you're only carrying around town, but yet again, simplicity takes priority for the outdoors. In a SHTF situation, would you rather have a knife that impresses your Instagram followers, or one that cuts reliably?

Outdoor Knives from TOPS

All this talk about simplicity may seem ironic in relation to TOPS Knives, since the company got its start producing some pretty extravagant blade designs, such as the massive Steel Eagle. However, TOPS now offers a huge range of knife styles, from over-the-top tactical blades to subdued EDC tools. Over the last few years, we've been pleased to see the company expanding its line of purposeful outdoor knives, and this move seems to be paying off. The simple fixed-blade B.O.B. Fieldcraft pictured below is now the company's top-selling knife.

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Ever since its release in 2013, we've liked the design of the Fieldcraft, with its elegant drop point, sturdy 1095 carbon steel construction, and tough canvas micarta handle scales. But at a 10-inch overall length, it's not the sort of thing you can carry every day in the city or suburbs. For cutting tasks in urban environments or delicate work in the outdoors, we prefer a small folding knife.

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Although TOPS mostly produces fixed blades, the company has offered a few folding knife designs over the years — there's even a Fieldcraft Folder. But to us, these designs have always felt like fixed blades adapted into folders, and that's a substantial compromise. They're large and heavy in the pocket, and the pivot will never be as sturdy as a proper fixed blade for heavy tasks like batoning.

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At SHOT Show 2018, we visited the TOPS Knives booth and noticed something new: a folding knife that felt sleek and slim enough for EDC, but also retained the outdoor-oriented simplicity we loved in the Fieldcraft series. Intrigued, we set out to learn more about this new folder.

TOPS MSF 4.0

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The knife we spotted at SHOT lacked one feature we've seen on every other TOPS knife: a “Made in USA” label etched onto the blade. Normally that's a sign of some cost-cutting outsourcing, but unlike the countless cheap import knives we've handled from other companies, the MSF felt smooth, locked securely, and exhibited no visible manufacturing flaws. Even though this sample wasn't made in the USA, it was clearly a quality product.

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We spoke with Craig Powell, the General Manager at TOPS Knives, to learn more about the MSF 4.0. He told us that the knife was the product of a collaboration with Maserin Knives, a company that has been producing blades in Italy since 1960. Maserin has substantial experience manufacturing folding knives, so TOPS drew on this expertise to create a folding knife unlike the others it has produced in the past.

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The TOPS MSF 4.0 was designed in the USA by Leo Espinoza, the man behind recently popular TOPS designs such as the Hammer Hawk and El Chete. As he designed this folder, Espinoza drew inspiration from his Mini Scandi neck knife, and the resemblance between the two is clear. Maserin manufactured the knife in Italy using materials specified by TOPS and the design provided by Espinoza.

Specs & Features

MSF stands for Mini Scandi Folder, although Mini Scandi Flipper would be an equally accurate description, since the knife features a manual flipper mechanism. The pivot includes ball-bearing washers for smooth opening, and a steel liner lock keeps the blade securely open while in use.

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The “Scandi” in the name refers to the scandi grind applied to its blade — a completely flat single bevel without a secondary edge bevel. This grind is popular among traditional outdoor knives like the Finnish puukko, and it's easy to see why. It allows for extremely precise shaving cuts, making it ideal for feather-sticking, and is easy to sharpen in the field with a flat stone, ceramic rod, or just about any other abrasive.

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The MSF 4.0's blade is made of Bohler N690Co, an Austrian stainless steel. The material lends itself well to outdoor use, since it offers high edge retention and added Cobalt for corrosion resistance.

The knife's simple design is finished off with a pair of tan canvas micarta scales, plus a lanyard hole and reversible deep-carry pocket clip for left- or right-handed carry. MSRP for the knife is $150, though it's currently available through the company's web store for $120.

Our Impressions

Since receiving the TOPS MSF 4.0, we've carried it daily, both in urban environments and while hiking in remote areas.

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Each time we pull the knife out, we're pleased by its simple design. It uses the tried-and-true liner lock that has been proven effective for decades. It's not an auto or assisted-opener, but still has a manual flipper for quick blade access. The micarta handle scales are grippy but not excessively abrasive, and the clip tucks it nicely behind the hem of our pockets.

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Most of all, we appreciate the true scandi grind, a feature that's plentiful in the fixed-blade knife world but rare for folders. This enables the knife to be sharpened to a razor edge that glides through wood, cordage, paper, and even plastic. The downside is that its acute edge may wear more quickly than a double bevel, requiring the occasional use of a strop or steel to bring it back to full sharpness. That's a compromise we're willing to make for the added precision it provides.

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One thing we noted is that the tan micarta handle scales don't really appear to be tan — they're more of a reddish brown. This is especially apparent next to the tan micarta scales on the B.O.B. Fieldcraft, or when placing the knife alongside other coyote tan gear. However, this is a minor nitpick. The color isn't ugly, it's just not what you might expect from the product description.

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Although this Italian-made knife is a deviation from the standard American-made TOPS knife line, we'd say that's not a bad thing in this case. Folding knife lockup tolerances can be tricky to master for a company that primarily makes fixed blades, potentially leading to an over-engaged sticky lockbar or an under-engaged lock that may give way under pressure. We've experienced both over the years, and they're both frustrating.

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It was logical for TOPS to partner with Maserin, a company that has far more experience producing folders, and the result is a well-made knife at a price that won't annihilate your bank account. Craig at TOPS said this knife was the first step in a potential partnership, and that the two companies may continue to collaborate in the future — after using this knife, we hope they do.

Pairing Up with the Fieldcraft Fixed-Blade

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Unlike many other outdoor-oriented folders we've used, the MSF 4.0 isn't a huge and heavy implement designed to replace your fixed blade — it's designed as a precise complement to your fixed blade. With that in mind, we headed outside with the Fieldcraft in its belt sheath and the MSF in our pocket.

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Although a stainless steel 154CM version of the Fieldcraft recently became available, we prefer the durability of 1095 high-carbon steel (see above re: simplicity). We also chose the tumble finish over a powdercoated finish for similar reasons. Its included Kydex sheath clips to a belt, and features a mounting point for the included fire-starting rod (with one piece of ferrocerium and two pieces of magnesium).

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While the sturdy Fieldcraft is the obvious choice for heavy chopping and batoning through hard wood, it's not the most precise tool for peeling, skinning, or delicate slicing, even when the hand is choked up on its spine. The MSF 4.0 fills in effectively for these purposes. Its tip also tapers more than that of the Fieldcraft, making it helpful for piercing items.

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Though the MSF can handle most light tasks on its own, carrying it alongside the B.O.B. Fieldcraft is a great option for prolonged outdoor treks. And if you're really heading out into the woods for a long period, you could supplement the setup further with an ax or saw.

Conclusions

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Overall, the TOPS MSF 4.0 is an impressive EDC folder that works just as well in the backcountry shaving tinder as it does slicing open letters at home. The MSF's simple design isn't revolutionary, and we actually like it that way. Instead of trying to reinvent the wheel, it combines a handful of time-tested elements into a great little folding knife — one we can see ourselves carrying on a regular basis.

For more information on these knives, check out the TOPS MSF 4.0 and Fieldcraft Tumble Finish pages on TOPSknives.com.


Video: Surviving a Blizzard in a Snow Cave Shelter

Wind chill is a serious danger in any survival situation, especially if you're wet from rain, snow, or sweat. Even a slight breeze can cut through your breathable clothing or slip through gaps in outerwear, leading to a cooling effect that can cause your core temperature to plummet. This is why many weather forecasts now list both the actual temperature and a relative “feels like” temperature based on wind speed and other environmental factors. So, when you're trying to survive in a windswept area, finding shelter is priority number one.

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Cairngorms National Park is a 1,700-square-mile region in northeast Scotland, and a popular destination for skiing and winter sports. Weather on the park's mountain summits can be harsh, as demonstrated by the following BBC Travel Show video clip. In this video, host Joanne Whalley ventures up a frigid slope with some experienced guides, and learns how to build a snow cave shelter.

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The dugout snow cave provides an effective way to get out of the cold wind, even though there are no trees or rocks to take refuge behind. Guides dig into the snow bank from three entry points, using a long saw and shovels to speed the process. The three caves are then connected to form a spacious winter shelter big enough for the entire team, and the entry points are blocked off using large chunks of snow.

For another take on how to get out of the cold during a blizzard, check out Survival Russia's WWII bunker snow shelter.


Forgotten Weapons: Craft-Built & Improvised Guns

Improvised weapons can be a valuable means of self-defense in emergency situations — when your life is on the line, any form of force-multiplier beyond your bare fists can sway the odds. Designs for these weapons can range from simple to sophisticated, as we've noted in several of our previous articles. However, the field of makeshift weapons goes beyond clubs, spears, and knives. It also includes improvised guns.

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Crude firearms have been constructed by various groups around the world, from small-time criminals to larger terrorist or paramilitary organizations. Analysis of these improvised guns reveals several clever methods of repurposing existing surplus equipment, as well as some surprisingly advanced design elements.

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Ian McCollum of Forgotten Weapons sat down with two firearm researchers from the UK to examine a few of the improvised and craft-built firearms which have been recovered and preserved. Check out the video below. We've cued it to the 4:43 mark, which is when discussion of the actual weapons begins. However, if you'd like to learn more about Jonathan Ferguson (Curator of the National Firearms Centre collection at the Royal Armouries) and Nic Jenzen-Jones (Director of Armament Research Services), watch from the beginning.


Lost Yosemite Hiker “Did Everything Right” to Survive

Even in popular wilderness areas such as Yosemite National Park, becoming lost while hiking can lead to an extremely dangerous situation. Ideally, preparing multiple means of navigation and emergency communication will prevent you from getting lost in the first place, but if things go wrong and you're unable to navigate safely you'll also need a backup plan. In many cases, wandering aimlessly can result in becoming even more lost, and also make it more difficult for rescuers to find you. When accurate navigation is not an option, it may be wise to stay put and make your campsite as visible as possible.

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A high-visibility tent or tarp can provide a visual signal for rescuers.

On February 17th, Alan Chow, a 36-year-old man from Oakland, California, was backpacking alone in Yosemite near Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. Although Chow is an avid hiker and planned on taking the trip solo, temperatures dropped and snowfall reportedly blanketed the trails, causing him to veer off course. Realizing the risks of attempting to return to safety when the path was uncertain, Chow made the decision to stay put.

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Chow was hiking on a trail near Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite. Photo: Flickr.com/pjs42

When he didn't return to work, coworkers reported him missing, and the search began. After six days, a National Park Service ranger in a helicopter spotted Chow's campsite on a mountainside, and he was rescued. He reportedly set up his tent for shelter, bundled up in layers to stay warm, melted snow for drinking water, and relied on his food supplies during this situation.

In a statement to local news outlet KTVU, Yosemite Park Ranger Scott Gediman said Chow had done everything right to survive. “[He] did the right thing by setting up his tent and was able to stay put. He is fine. Not even hypothermic; will not even be going to the hospital. The lesson here is for everybody, is that if you're out in the back country and you fall, you hurt yourself, you get lost, just stay put and don't try to walk around and get even more lost.”

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Photo: KTVU.com

Chow posted a statement on his personal Facebook page after the events, thanking his rescuers and updating friends and family on his condition:

“I luckily only suffered a sprained ankle and slight malnutrition, but otherwise I'm fine physically and mentally. I'm simply trying to get some rest and, for the most part, ready for life to continue as normal. For those that are curious about how I managed to survive, I simply followed the basic survival skills that I learned. Kept close to a water source, conserved my energy, rationed out food supplies, tried to keep warm, and found a suitable location to setup camp so that I would be as visible from the air as possible.”

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Photo: Reddit / angisdope

As survivalists, we value self-reliance, but there comes a time when we must swallow our pride and wait for help. If you ever find yourself lost in the backcountry, you'll need to carefully weigh the pros and cons of attempting to navigate to safety versus signaling for rescue. Stubbornly wandering in circles can be a dangerous mistake.


New: Gerber Empower Auto Knife

At SHOT Show in January, we spotted a new folding knife design in the Gerber booth and posted a photo of it on our Instagram page. This new knife is called the Gerber Empower Auto, and it'll soon be joining the company's expanding American-made line of knives, alongside the US-Assist, Propel, Sharkbelly, and several others.

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The Gerber Empower Auto has a 3.25-inch blade with a modified spear-point design, although its upper half is a dull swedge (false edge). This provides a strong tapered point for improved piercing. The blade is made of CPM S30V steel, one of our favorite materials for all-around EDC and outdoor use.

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As an automatic knife, the Empower flips open as soon as you press the plunge lock release button on the side of its handle. We were pleasantly surprised to find that this knife's automatic spring snaps open its blade substantially quicker than that of the Propel Auto series. The knife can also be locked open or closed using its sliding safety.

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Armored Grip handle scales feature photo-chemical etching to create physical texture and a patterned appearance. The pocket clip is reversible for tip-up or tip-down right-handed carry. Four styles will be offered in the Gerber Empower Auto series: black with stonewashed blade, black with black oxide blade, grey with black oxide blade, or Urban Blue with black oxide blade. All knives in the series are manufactured in Gerber's Portland, Oregon facility.

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The Empower Auto is not available for purchase yet, but we're told it'll be launching officially on May 1st. MSRP will be $125. For more info, go to GerberGear.com.


Infographic: Fast Facts About Power Outages

Electricity is a modern convenience we often take for granted — it's easy to forget how valuable it is until it's gone. When a power outage occurs, whether for a few seconds, several hours, or much longer, we quickly realize how much our electronic conveniences make life easier. Even the simple ability to light up the darkness with the flip of a switch is a feat that was impossible just a few generations ago, but one we rely on every day.

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Spring is just around the corner, and with it often comes rainstorms that can lead to disruptions in the local power grid. According to a study by Inside Energy, the incidence of power outages has been rising dramatically over the last two decades. In order to remain prepared for one of these events, it's wise to put together plans for backup lighting/heating, food storage, cooking, and backup power for essential appliances and personal electronic devices.

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It's also helpful to understand the causes of power outages, and the financial effects they can have if you're not prepared. The following infographic from Kohler Generators lists some fast facts about power outages in the United States. Click here to download a full-size version of this graphic.

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Obviously, Kohler's goal with this infographic is to show the value of a generator, but that might not be such a bad thing. It's certainly wise to have some sort of backup power solution powered by gasoline, diesel, propane, or even solar panels to keep your lights on and your communication devices charged. This way, if a power outage is a side effect of a larger disaster, you'll have one less thing to worry about.


Review: LOWA Innox Evo TF Trail Shoes

If you're not a fan of bright colors, reflectors, and flashy styling, shopping for athletic shoes can feel like a choice between bad and worse. Those of us who prefer the “gray man” aesthetic lean towards subdued colors and a simple exterior, but may still want the performance of a high-quality athletic shoe for walking, running, and light trail use. Some of us may even require this for work, as certain professions require a solid-color shoe as part of the dress code or uniform.

Left: the regular LOWA Innox Evo Lo. Right: the Innox Evo Lo Task Force.

Left: the regular LOWA Innox Evo. Right: the Innox Evo Task Force.

Footwear manufacturer LOWA offers a Task Force (TF) line of shoes that are based on its regular consumer footwear models, but produced exclusively in subdued colors. The LOWA TF line was originally developed for British Special Forces, but they're also used extensively by security professionals, law enforcement officers, members of other military organizations, or anyone else who simply prefers to keep a lower visual profile.

We recently picked up a pair of the Task Force variant of the LOWA Innox Evo, in order to replace our previous pair of worn-out walking/running shoes. We opted for the Lo version in Wolf gray color, although these are also offered in Mid cut and available in black or Coyote brown. Like all LOWA shoes, these are made in Europe (specifically Slovakia).

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We've used the Innox Evo TF extensively around town, as well as on some casual weekend hikes where a full pair of boots would've been overkill. The shoes feel light and flexible, and the open mesh upper offers excellent breathability for warm climates. The MonoWrap frame technology we liked so much on our LOWA Renegade GTX boots is also present here, providing a strong foundation without excessive weight.

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The tread pattern is grippy enough for scrambling over rocks and gravel, but not too aggressive for use on city sidewalks. This makes it a great daily-use shoe, and a good complement to the hiking boots we mentioned earlier. The Innox Evo's breathability is a downfall for wet weather, as rain will quickly soak through the mesh upper. LOWA offers a waterproof Gore-Tex version of the Innox, but it's $55 more, only available in black, and its upper design looks dated compared to the sleek Evo.

We appreciate that all shoes and boots from the Task Force line can be bought directly from LOWA's web site — this isn't the case for the competitive Salomon Forces line, which is only available through third-party dealers, leading to variations in pricing and availability. The TF version of this shoe also shares the same $145 MSRP as the ordinary models, so there's no “tactical tax” applied here.

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Overall, we liked the Innox Evo TF enough to start wearing it on an everyday basis, rather than as a secondary shoe for long walks or trail-running. For those who need a well-rounded solid-color shoe and don't expect to get wet, this is a great choice. For more info on the Innox Evo TF and other LOWA Task Force footwear, go to LowaBoots.com.