Low Vis Gear: How Low Can You Go?

Quasi-tactical buzzwords like low vis, low pro, and reduced signature get thrown around constantly in the preparedness and self-defense space, as ways to describe the concept of carrying a lot of gear on you in a manner that does not portray what you’re carrying. What we’re about to cover is a thought exercise in low visibility carry. This is not intended to represent a sample EDC. In fact, you can be absolutely positive that nobody will wear the following configuration every day. Or most days. Or any day, unless your job requires you to work in places where car bombs and assassination attempts are a routine occurrence. 

Studio photo of the low vis gear complete loadout.

Our intention here is two-fold. The first is to showcase some products we’ve come across in the last several months, or have been in our inventory for some time, that you may not be aware of. While this complete combination of products will be vast overkill for most of us, there may be one or two that you can use to fit your needs perfectly. The other is to show you why the right gear is so important. Particularly if you are looking for a high-capacity, low-visibility solution in an urban or suburban environment. If this is a capability you need, or would like to have, it is important to pay attention to the individual components you choose. But when you do gear-up smartly, it’s impressive just how much you can carry. 

A Note On Wardrobe

Studio photo of the IWB gear loadout.

The shoes and button-down shirt shown here come from 5.11 Tactical – their Foley Low sneakers and Gunner button up shirt, respectively. These are both among the most urbanized offerings from 5.11, but you could very well replace them with whatever shoes and button-up shirt you like to accomplish the same result. The jeans are regular, off-the-table Wrangler straight-cut from Walmart. We deliberately did not choose tactical or EDC jeans with extra pockets, or commercial boot cut jeans to give ourselves extra room for concealment.

Studio photo of a man wearing the low vis gear loadout.

We also did not up-size the shirt or pants from our true daily wear. The jeans are 34 x 32 straight cut, the Gunner flannel is size medium, and the RECOIL t-shirt is size large. Model is 5-feet-10-inches tall and 200 pounds – neither excessively skinny nor supremely athletic. We explain all this to further illustrate the potential of what’s possible for “normal” body types in “normal” clothes. 

With all that in mind, here’s a breakdown of the low-vis loadout shown in these photos… 

Belt

Studio photo of the Mastermind Tactics All-Purpose Belt low vis gear.

Make & Model: Mastermind Tactics All-Purpose Belt

Price: $44.99

URL: mastermindtactics.com 

The author has been running Mastermind Tactics’ previous flagship belt, the Specialist Belt, for years. Last year, the Specialist was discontinued for the APB which brings some additional features to the table. This 1.5-inch belt is purpose belt for inside-the-waistband carry. The low-profile buckle is marine-grade 316 stainless steel. The end of the belt is chemically stiffened to provide positive feed through the buckle and prevent fraying even with years of use. Two changes which separate the APB from its predecessor include the removal of hook-and-loop.

Many EDC belts use this method to open and close, and there’s nothing wrong with it from a purely utilitarian standpoint. But in addition to being a little noisy, hook-and-loop will gunk up with lint and debris, eventually losing some of its holding power over time (although we’ve not seen this in three years of literal every day use with the Specialist). Furthermore, hook-and-loop on a belt isn’t especially fashionable.

While some may scoff at the idea of considering fashion for carry wear, assimilating cultural norms—even in your own office or neighborhood—is one of the cornerstones of true low-vis operations from a military and law enforcement standpoint. The APB uses heavy-duty nylon for its base construction and is available with either a flexible or stiffened core. We received samples of both, and find the flexible core to be more than adequate for daily IWB carry use. For those looking to carry large handguns outside the waistband, or use their APB in lieu of a heavier battle belt, the stiffened core may be better.   

Holster

Studio photo of the LAS Concealment Shogun 2.0 w/Mastermind Tactics Carry Pillow

Make & Model: LAS Concealment Saya 2.0 w/Mastermind Tactics Carry Pillow

Price: $84.98

URL: lasconcealment.com 

There’s nothing new about the LAS Concealment Saya 2.0 holster. Most of the RECOIL OFFGRID team has been using LAS holsters for the last 5+ years, almost without exception. These holsters are comfortable, durable, uncomplicated, and make larger pistols easy to hide.

Pistol

Studio photo of the Staccato C2 Custom

Make & Model: Staccato C2 Custom

Price: $2499 (base pistol)

URL: staccato2011.com 

To prove our previous point about LAS holsters, we setup this loadout with a carry gun that is far from demure. The Staccato C2 pistol sports a 3.9-inch bull barrel and 16-round double-stack magazine. As if that weren’t challenging enough, our particular C2 has been customized by 2011 gunsmith AJ Zito of Practical Performance. Upgrades include a Threat Cadre compensator, Leupold Delta Point Pro and Sure X300U-B weapon light.

There is not one thing slim or lightweight about this pistol. But pairing it with the discreet All Purpose Belt and an appropriate holster thoughtfully designed for max concealment makes even this hog leg of a handgun disappear under jeans and a t-shirt. We believe it was Clint Smith who said “carrying a firearm should be comforting, not comfortable” and we feel very much comforted while carrying a pistol that’s easily capable of repeat, 50-plus-yard hits with a military grade weapon light. 

Spare Mags

Studio photo of spare mags that augment the low vis gear theme.

Make & Model: Grayfighter Gear HUSH and Sanguis Pouches

Price: $45

URL: grayfightergear.com 

There’s no shortage of IWB pistol mag pouches on the market, but we were especially impressed with the Grayfighter pouches. The pouch seen here holding a rifle magazine is their HUSH pouch – short for Hidden Under SH*t. Our pistol mag is being held by their Sanguis pouch. Designed by a New York LEO with experience in undercover work, these pouches take a different approach from what you might expect.

While most mag pouches are molded kydex, formed to fit the type of magazine in question, the HUSH pouch takes an ultra-minimalist approach, constructed from a combination of laminates and hook-and-loop straps attached to Discreet Carry Concepts metal clips. The straps can be adjusted to carry anything you can stuff into them, and then trimmed to fit by the end user. The HUSH pouch was meant for all manner of magazines, from pistol to rifle, and the Sanguis pouch for a tourniquet.

Studio photo of a man wearing low vis mags.

But the customizable structure allows them to be repurposed for other items. The Sanguis can hold things like multi-tools, flashlights and pistol mags (the latter is what’s shown here). The HUSH pouch can be sized to fit small radios or even large rifle mags like AR-10/SR-25 boxes. We’re carrying a 20-round pistol mag with aluminum baseplate and a 30-round AR-15 mag.

Fixed Blade

Studio photo of the JB Knife Ditch Pik

Make & Model: JB Knife Ditch Pik

Price: $350

URL: jbknifeandtool.com 

Not all problems are gun problems, and the value of a small, defensive fixed blade cannot be understated – just ask non-permissive environment expert and OFFGRID contributor Ed Calderon. The Ditch Pik from JB Knife, designed in concert with Calderon himself, is one of our favorite examples encountered over the years.

Studio photo of a man drawing the JB Knife Ditch Pik which augments the low vis gear theme.

The double-edged, talon-shaped blade can be used ambidextrously, and its extremely flat profile keeps it tight to the body without printing or protruding from under a shirt.

IFAK

Studio photo of low vis gear IFAK's

Make & Model: Immediate Casualty Care IWB Flat

Price: $34.99 (pouch only)

URL: immediatecasualtycare.com 

Immediate Casualty Care is a small shop that specializes in one thing: IWB carry of trauma medical supplies for use by prepared citizens and first responders. Shown here is their IWB Flat, one of their most low-profile IWB kits that has room for chest seals, tourniquet, Israeli bandage and compressed gauze.

Studio photo of the ICC IFAK

ICC recently replaced the design seen here with an updated 2.0 version that features a high-back design to prevent gear from rubbing on the wearer’s skin.

Alternate IFAK

Studio photo of man pulling a low vis tourniquet out of his back pocket.

Make & Model: Live The Creed Pocket Trauma Kit

Price: $34.99 (pouch only)

URL: ltcreed.com 

At this point in the article, we realize some folks might be running out of waistband to fit gear into. If carrying your medical gear IWB doesn’t appeal, Live The Creed makes a number of small medical pouches, including this Pocket Trauma Kit, which is also part of the author’s actual EDC. This wallet-sized folding pouch fits in the back pocket of your jeans, opposite your actual wallet, and still holds all the trauma essentials you’d need.

The only drawback to this method is not being able to carry a “hard” tourniquet like a CAT or SOFT-T. We carry a SWAT-T in our, which is better than not having a TQ at all, but if you prefer a hard strap-and-windlass option, Immediate Casualty Care makes an IWB pouch that’s standalone for just a tourniquet. Or you can pick up a second HUSH pistol rig and use that.

Folding Knife

Studio photo of the pocket fiend v2.

Make & Model: Blood Oath Instruments Pocket Fiend v2

Price: $205

URL: bloodoathinstruments.com 

Folding knives can be had in any size, shape, color, or configuration you fancy, and there are near-infinite options to choose from, so we won’t deep dive it. But we’ve grown fond of the Pocket Fiend, v2 from Blood Oath Instruments. We liked the original Pocket Fiend just fine, but there are some material and aesthetic upgrades that give the v2 an edge (no pun intended) over its predecessor. These include a DLC-coated S35VN blade, ambidextrous pocket clip, caged ceramic ball bearing mechanism, and a lightweight aluminum handle that’s finished in Magpul FDE cerakote.

Flashlight

Make & Model: SureFire EDC1-DFT

Price: $259 – $289

URL: surefire.com 

There is absolutely no disputing the utility of having a good flashlight on hand, and that Surefire is the name when it comes to bomb proof, high-performance tactical and carry flashlights. The EDC1-DFT is part of their high-candela Turbo line, offering 95,000 peak candela to overcome all manner of mixed lighting conditions. It is also part of their Dual Fuel line, able to accept either a rechargeable 18350 battery, or single CR123, ensuring you can fuel your light regardless of whether you can get to a charging station.

Armor Option

Studio photo of body armor.

Make & Model: HSP Thorax Incog w/DFNDR Armor RF1 Elite Plates

Price: $160

URL: haleystrategic.com 

Plates: DFNDR RF1 Elite

Price: $1550 per plate (Medium SAPI) 

URL: dfndrarmor.com 

The practicality of wearing armor is debatable in the context of citizen preparedness. But recent years have shown an uptick in civil unrest in the United States that is likely to resurge in the face of yet another hotly contested Presidential election. This may leave every day citizens in a situation where they are required to transit through areas being affected by mostly-peaceful protests, which have repeatedly erupted into violence including shootings. In these situations, wearing armor is a distinct advantage.

Studio photo of a man wearing body armor that fits the low vis gear theme.

But being seen wearing armor…not so much. Throwing on a tactical plate carrier festooned with MOLLE webbing, buckles, and quick-release cummerbunds could itself escalate an otherwise tenuously calm situation. In such cases, a more discreet armor carrier is the best tool for the job, and Haley Strategic’s new Thorax Incog is one of the most versatile, low-visibility plate carrier we’ve come across in recent years. It’s truly slick (no MOLLE, no buckles) and form-fitting tweave construction allows you wear rifle-rated hard armor under all but the thinnest of shirts.

Ours is loaded with DFNDR Armor RF1 Elite plates. These plates will stand up to threats including 5.56mm M193 ball, 7.62x39mm Mild Steel Core, and 7.62x51mm NATO M80 ball. Even with this level of protection, the plates are only 0.75 inches thick and weigh a scant 2.09 pounds each. Not only will you not look like you’re wearing armor, you won’t move like it either. 

Rifle Bag Option

Studio photo of a low vis gear backpack.

Make & Model: Grey Ghost Gear Apparition SBR Bag

Price: $125-$180

URL: greyghostgear.com

Like armor, carrying a rifle in an urban environment is a highly personal decision and ought be considered thoroughly in terms of pros-versus-cons. But if you do choose to carry one, keeping it completely concealed is paramount for prepared citizens to steer clear of brandishing laws. Not only is it important that people don’t see your rifle, it’s also important they don’t perceive you to have a rifle. Simply sticking your carbine in your Multicam soft case can carrying it down the street won’t be enough.

The Grey Ghost Gear Apparition SBR bag is purpose built for short carbines, and deliberately designed to look like not-a-rifle bag. The slick exterior and waist belt design make it look more like a hiking pack than a gun case. The tan/green colorway shown here is by far the most tactical option they offer, but not out of place among trail junkies and camping enthusiasts in the Southwest. If this isn’t enough camouflage for your locale, there are several other colorways including more generic colors and brightly colored accents that most tactical bags wouldn’t be caught dead using – which is exactly the point. Even with its politically correct construction, the Apparition was able to comfortably fit our fully-decked out SBR, detailed below. 

Rifle

Studio photo of the Cobalt Kinetics CK-PRO 12.5-inch SBR with Scrambler Suppressor

Make & Model: Cobalt Kinetics CK-PRO 12.5-inch SBR with Scrambler Suppressor

URL: cobaltkinetics.com

We didn’t want to cheat the exercise by using an AR pistol or lightweight SBR with a LAW folder. The rifle shown here is a Cobalt Kinetics CK-PRO, in use by several law enforcement units around the country. The sample here is a 12.5-inch SBR with Rosco K9 barrel. The furniture is B5 Systems. Accessories include a Vortex Razor 1-6x LPVO and SPARC Solar red dot in an American Defense 1.7-inch Delta-M scope mount, foregrip, weapon light, and IR laser/illuminator. Our only shortcut was stowing it with a 20-round magazine instead of a standard capacity 30-rounder. But since we’re already carrying a full-size magazine, we felt it was allowable. That alone gives us a total of 50 rounds for our carbine, with pockets inside the Apparition bag for additional 30 round mags. 

The muzzle device is Cobalt’s own RCB-6 brake, and will accept their Scrambler suppressor, which we also have stowed in the bag. The Scrambler titanium is an incredibly small, incredibly lightweight suppressor: 4.75 inches and 6.8 ounces total. While it’s not Hollywood quiet, it’s barely-there form factor can be quickly attached or detached, and can still protect your hearing and reduce your signature if you ever need it.  

Low Vis Gear Conclusion

Are we advocating this complete setup as a practical solution for the average citizen? Absolutely not. But we are showing what is possible when you shop smart for gear and give just a little consideration to your wardrobe. We deliberately stayed within the confines of acceptable street dress for most areas, and were still able to carry a pistol, flashlight, hard armor, two knives, two med kits, 36 rounds of 9mm, and 30 rounds of 5.56mm on-body, before introducing the SBR bag.

Once the sole purview of military special operators, undercover cops, and executive protection specialists, the ability to carry the kitchen sink while still able to walk into the grocery store without causing a stir is now firmly in reach for anybody looking to bolster their capabilities to protect themselves or their loved ones in a crisis without looking like a partisan guerrilla.

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Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original print version for the web.


Grit, Gear, and Gumption: The PNW Survival Games Experience

An engineer, municipal worker, and a teacher walk into a campsite. No, this is not the setup to a joke, it's a testament to the range of people with diverse backgrounds who came from all over the country to participate in the PNW Survival Games. In the heart of Oregon's rugged wilderness, the Games offers a unique blend of education, competition, and camaraderie. This event, held this year at the scenic Hipcamp in Molalla Ripple, invited participants from all walks of life to test their survival skills in a series of intense, hands-on challenges. With nearly 40 contestants, esteemed judges from popular survival TV shows like Alone and Naked and Afraid, and experts from well-known survival training companies, the event offered a unique opportunity for anyone interested in honing their wilderness survival skills.

Two contestants eager to learn and participate in the PNW Survival Games.

Above: Many of the participants had no prior survival training and felt a little nervous before the games started. However, they were optimistic and eager to learn!

The PNW Survival Games is open to the public, requiring nothing more than the purchase of a $395 ticket to participate. This accessibility, combined with the opportunity to learn from seasoned survival experts, is making it a must-attend event for both seasoned enthusiasts and curious beginners. This year, participants ranged from teachers and utility workers to retired engineers and even a former PBS correspondent, each eager to learn and push their limits in the wild. For those who are fans of survival reality shows, signing up asked participants if they want to be considered for inclusion a televised version of the Games, adding another layer of excitement to the mix.

Day 0: The Gathering

The first day of the PNW Survival Games was more about connection than competition. As contestants and staff arrived at Hipcamp Molalla Ripple, the atmosphere was relaxed and welcoming. There were no claims of expertise, no bravado—just a group of people united by a shared interest in survival skills. This was a gathering of diverse individuals, each with their unique background and experience level, coming together to learn, share, and grow.

The event’s experts, or subject matter experts (SMEs), were particularly passionate about sharing their knowledge. Their enthusiasm was infectious, setting the tone for the days to come. Despite the relaxed atmosphere, there was a palpable undercurrent of excitement as everyone anticipated the challenges that lay ahead.

Contestants filling out terms of agreement for the challenge.

Above: Contestants signed terms of agreement before participating, and were issued crucial items for the days ahead.

Day 1: The Challenges Begin

Day one of the PNW Survival Games kicked off the morning with introductions and backstories, allowing contestants to get to know one another and the experts they’d be learning from. Contestants also received everything they would be allowed to use over the course of the two days. This included:

  • Custom-branded water bottle with hydration packs
  • Pack of Winterfresh gum (Firestarter Challenge)
  • Skippy Peanut butter
  • Grim Workshop tin w/custom cards
  • First Aid Kit
  • JxeJxo Axe
  • Black Beard Ferro Rod & Fire Plugs
  • Work gloves
  • Shemagh
  • Paracord
  • Duct Tape
  • Bank Line
  • Sharpie
  • Snare Wire
  • Petzl Headlamp
  • Sawyer Permethrin, Picaridin, Sun Screen
  • Pale Blue Earth Battery Set
  • 6″ Bushcraft knife
  • Folding Saw
  • Outdoor Element Firebiner
  • Outdoor Element Omni-Tensil
  • Length of Medical Tubing (for the First Aid Challenge)

All of these items were placed into a pack that would be carried throughout the duration of the challenges, and were meant to mirror common survival items that are frequently carried by recreationalists and adventurers versed in their use. With gear distributed, and introductions out of the way, the Games began with the first challenge!

Contestants looking through the items in the backpacks they were issued at the PNW Survival Games.

Above: Each contestant was issued a backpack full of gear that would be crucial to completing the challenges over the next two days.

Challenge 1: Shelter Building

  • Time: 60 minutes
  • Instructor: Wild Mountain Man Dan
  • Criteria: shelter must be weatherproof, have bedding material, and have side walls
  • Phase 2 (no time limit): test weatherproofing via fire hose

Led by Dana Anderson (aka “Wild Mountain Man Dan”), the shelter-building challenge was an exercise in resourcefulness and quick thinking. This challenge began with an introduction to the “Rule of Threes”—a survival principle that emphasizes the importance of addressing critical needs within specific time frames. Peter Bauer of Rewild Portland added his own twist: “Three seconds to check your attitude,” stressing the mental aspect of survival. From there, Dan moved on to discuss the importance of shelter in a survival scenario, particularly the need to mitigate exposure to the elements.

A team is constructing the frame of their shelter at the PNW Survival Games.

Above: Two contestants lash sourced timber together for the frame of their shelter.

The rules for the challenge were simple but demanding: contestants had 60 minutes to build a weatherproof shelter using only natural materials found on the ground. The scramble for materials was immediate and intense, with contestants racing to claim the best resources along a short stretch of the riverbank. The pressure was on, and as the midday sun beat down, temperatures soared into the mid-80s, adding another layer of difficulty to the task.

When time was up, contestants were required to step away from their shelters and prepare for judgment. Exhausted and overheated, they took a short water break while the judges evaluated their work. The shelters, constructed from leaves, branches, and other natural materials, were put to the test in a dramatic fashion. One member from each team donned a dry orange jumpsuit and lay beneath their shelter as a fire hose pumped water from the nearby river in an overhead manner that resembled a heavy downpour. The goal was simple: stay dry.

After 15 seconds of the shelter being drenched by the hose, the jumpsuits were removed and weighed to determine how much water they had absorbed. This practical test of the shelters’ effectiveness highlighted the importance of proper construction and attention to detail in survival situations.

A completed shelter covered in thick foliage.

Above: Foliage needed to be stacked thickly to prevent water from getting inside during the weather proof test.

Challenge 2: Archery

The second challenge of the day focused on archery, with EJ Snyder from Naked and Afraid leading the way. EJ’s expertise in primitive weaponry was evident as he demonstrated the use of a bundle bow and shared tips on arrow-making and the construction of a slingshot bow. The rules for this challenge were equally demanding: contestants had 60 minutes to craft six arrows, a bundle bow, and a slingshot bow. Some materials, like fletching and river cane for arrows was provided. Other materials had to be sourced from the landscape and provided gear. Arrowheads were available via Grim Workshop survival cards included in each of the contestants kits.

A contestant crafting arrows.

Above: River cane with a larger diameter than the arrows was used as the “barrel” for the slingshot bow.

The archery challenge was divided into three stations, each testing different aspects of the contestants’ skills. At the first station, they were tasked with shooting at five spinning balloons, earning one point for each balloon hit. The second station involved a side-to-side moving target, with contestants needing to hit the target once to earn five points. The third station featured long-range shots at large balloons filled with colored powder, with points awarded based on the order of successful hits.

Archers shooting at orange ballons.

Above: Orange balloon targets were rotating on a spindle, providing an additional layer of difficulty to the challenge.

Despite the challenge’s intensity, the contestants impressed with their resourcefulness. Even though some arrows weren’t perfectly straightened, they still managed to hit their targets. The Games are not without danger, as the first injury of the event occurred during this challenge. One contestant, attempting to meet the time constraints, lost his concentration and suffered a minor knife wound while constructing their bow and arrows. Fortunately, the injury was not serious and was quickly tended to, underscoring the real risks involved in survival activities.

A contestant holding up a freshly bandaged thumb injury.

Above: Although minor, this contestant injured his thumb while losing focus crafting his bows and arrows.

Challenge 3: Fire Making

The final challenge of the day revolved around a skill essential to survival: fire-making. Sharon Ross of Afrovivalist took the lead, emphasizing the evolutionary importance of fire in human history. She demonstrated how to start a fire using a gum wrapper and an AA battery, a technique that fascinated and challenged the contestants.

Two contestants attempt to start a fire.

Above: Starting a fire with AA batteries and chewing gum wrapper is challenging but possible if prepared properly.

Rules for this challenge were straightforward but challenging, contestants had 60 minutes to build a tripod that their fire would be made underneath, gather tinder and kindling, start a fire using the gum wrapper method, and heat a plastic bottle of water to 210 degrees Fahrenheit without it melting or spilling on to the flames. If they failed to start a fire with the gum wrapper within 15 minutes, they could switch to using a ferro rod. And finally, after heating their water to boiling temperature, they had to use a second tinder bundle and light a tiki torch as part of the process.

A fire under a tripod boiling water in plastic water bottle.

Above: If suspended carefully, water can be boiled in a plastic container without the exterior melting completely.

After fires were lit and water was boiled, the sense of accomplishment was, with everyone finishing the challenge with 7 minutes and 30 seconds left on the clock. The tiki torches were later used to light the dinner tables, adding a warm and symbolic glow to the evening’s meal—a pig roast that had been cooking over an open fire all day. After dinner, contestants were encouraged to pick the brains of the guest judges, gaining further insights into survival techniques.

Day 2: Pushing Limits

The second day of the PNW Survival Games began with a discussion led by Wild Mountain Man Dan on the origins of the self-reliance movement, tracing its roots back to the Back to Basics movement of the 1970s. This historical context set the stage for the day’s challenges, which would push the contestants to their physical and mental limits.

Contestants carrying a patient on a field expedient litter at the PNW Survival Games.

Above: Pulling a patient on an improvised litter is laborious and physically exhausting, even over relatively short distances. The hot weather made for tough conditions for the the participants.

Challenge 4: Wilderness First Aid

Natalie Bonthius from Survival Med delivered an in-depth session on wilderness first aid and first responder skills. She covered a wide range of topics, from the first evidence of amputation 30,000 years ago to modern techniques for bleeding control. Natalie emphasized the importance of the MARCH Protocol—Massive Hemorrhage, Airway, Respirations, Circulation/C-Spine, Hypo/Hyperthermia—as a guide for prioritizing care in emergency situations.

A contestant applies a tourniquet.

Above: Fake blood, suspended in an IV bag, was used to replicate a major hemorrhage. The bleeding needed to be stopped via improvised tourniquet before contestants could move on to the next part of the challenge. 

The challenge that followed required contestants to apply these skills in a simulated emergency. They had 60 minutes to stop a bleed stemming from a fake blood pouch, close a wound with duct tape sutures, splint a leg with improvised materials, and transport the “patient” to safety using an improvised litter. This challenge brought out the best in the contestants, but also highlighted the harsh realities of survival. One contestant suffered from heat exhaustion and had to withdraw, a stark reminder of the physical demands of the environment.

Improvised suture over a simulated wound.

Above: Contestants were taught how they could use duct tape to suture a wound without actually have to penetrate the skin (wound was simulated).

Despite the difficulties, the challenge was a success. Contestants showed resilience and adaptability, learning valuable lessons about the importance of preparedness and the risks involved in wilderness survival.

Challenge 5: Trap Building

  • Time: 60 minutes
  • Instructor: Biko Wright – Alone
  • Criteria: dig a pit, build and set the trap, test the trap, camouflage the hole, catch a bear

Next up was the trap-building challenge, led by Biko Wright from the History Channel’s Alone – Season 8. Contestants were tasked with constructing a spring-step trap, a traditional snare used to catch small game. The rules required contestants to dig a step hole measuring 12 inches by 12 inches by 12 inches (later revised to 6 inches deep due to soil conditions), camouflage the hole, set the trap, and successfully catch an “animal”—in this case, a stuffed teddy bear.

A teddy bear suspended in a spring trap.

Above: Spring traps are effective at catching small game, or in this case, a careless teddy bear. Being able to procure valuable food resources is a vital survival skill.

This challenge tested not only the contestants’ technical skills but also their patience and attention to detail. Setting the trap and camouflaging it effectively was no easy feat, and many contestants struggled to get the trigger mechanism just right. However, the satisfaction of successfully suspending the teddy bear at least four feet above the ground made the effort worthwhile.

Two PNW Survival Game Contestants stand triumphantly with their prize.

Above: Setting a snare trap can be frustrating, even for experienced trappers. Getting it done within a 60 minute time frame is nothing short of impressive.

Challenge 6: Raft Building

  • Time: 60 minutes
  • Instructor: EJ Snyder, Biko Wright, and Wild Mountain Man Dan
  • Criteria: build a one person raft
  • Phase 2: collect 6 streamers along a length of river and cross the finish line

The final challenge of the event was the raft-building competition, which required teamwork, creativity, and resourcefulness. EJ and Karie Lee from History Channel's Alone, were leading the charge, and discussed the basics of a “Huck Finn” style raft. Teams were combined (two teams per raft), and given 60 minutes to construct a one-person raft using materials from the shelter-building challenge.

Wild Mountain Man Dan offers advice to four people building an improvised raft.

Above: Wild Mountain Man Dan offers suggestions to teams with questions, but as an instructor/judge, he is unable to help them physically.

They were also given two 5-gallon jugs and a blue tarp to use wherever teams deemed appropriate. The rafts were judged on buoyancy, craftsmanship, and maneuverability, and contestants had to use their rafts to retrieve flags hidden in the river and on the distant shore. Once they returned, they had to carry their rafts a short distance to the PNW Survival Game’s finish line, and to triumphant celebration!

Building a improvised raft at the PNW Survival Games.

Above: Combined teams did not have much time to discuss how to design and build their rafts. This meant using some serious teamwork and problem solving skills.

The raft-building challenge was a fitting conclusion to the PNW Survival Games, bringing together all the skills and lessons learned over the past two days. As contestants tested their rafts in the water, it was clear that the designs were both innovative and functional. The excitement was palpable as teams navigated the river, retrieved their flags, and returned to shore, showcasing their survival skills and teamwork.

Several teams walking through the water with their rafts.

Above: The improvised rafts did not always hold up the way the contestants wanted them to, making navigation through the river extremely difficult.

Winners and Rewards

The PNW Survival Games culminated in the announcement of the top three teams, who were recognized for their outstanding performance throughout the event. The third and second-place winners both earned 41 points and the judges were asked to evaluate the nuances of their rafts to break the tie. Remarkably, one member of the second place team, a retired municipal worker, had never even been camping a day in his life and had purchased his gear just two weeks prior to the event. The first-place winners, with 45 points, attributed their success to their meticulous preparation, including practicing challenges from previous years and maintaining an organized approach to their gear. As one of the winners noted, “You never rise to the occasion, you sink to your lowest level of training.”

Winners making through an inflatable finish line.

Above: Once the rafts were out of the water, the contestants had to carry them a short distance over the finish line. They were met with enthusiasm and encouragement along the way.

Winners of the PNW Survival Games received a generous prize cache for their efforts:

  • 3rd Place:
    – $250 Cash Prize
    – 20 L ORCA Cooler
    – 40 L Outlast Supply Co Drybag
    – Outdoor Element: Pot Set
    PNWBushcraft: Waxed Canvas Travel Tray
    Survival Med All Access Pass to Online Catalog
  • 2nd Place:
    – $500 Cash Prize
    – 40 L ORCA Cooler
    – 40 L Outlast Supply Co Drybag
    – Outdoor Element: Pot Set & Windproof Stove
    – PNWBushcraft: Waxed Canvas Foraging Hip Bag & Waxed Canvas Cedar Bucket Bag
    – Survival Med All Access Pass to Online Catalog
  • 1st Place:
    $1,000 Cash Prize
    58 L ORCA Cooler
    40 L Outlast Supply Co Drybag
    Outdoor Element: Pot Set, Windproof Stove, & Basecamp Bliss Bundle
    Blackbeard Firestarter Pirate Plunder Kit
    PNWBushcraft: Waxed Canvas Ground Cloth, Hammock Chair, & Waxed Canvas Foraging Hip Bag
    Survival Med All Access Pass to Online Catalog

Winners crossing the finish line.

Above: The first team from the raft building challenge crosses the finish line, making them the first to complete the 2024 PNW Survival Games.

Reflections and Insights

As the PNW Survival Games came to a close, it was clear that the event had left a lasting impression on all who participated. Contestants were eager to share their thoughts and experiences, reflecting on the challenges they had faced and the skills they had acquired.

Winner plaques.

Above: Teams who placed in the top three were awarded custom made PNW Survival Game plaques.

One contestant remarked, “I never realized how much I didn't know.” Another noted, “I feel much more confident being self-reliant in the wild.” These sentiments were echoed by others who praised the practical, applicable skills they had learned, particularly during the medical portion of the event. “You don't realize how much time it takes to complete one of these skills,” a contestant observed, which speaks to the importance of practice, preparation, and patience necessary to master these skills.

Spectators attending the PNW Survival Games.

Above: Todd from PNWBushcraft watches the participants of the Games as they build their bows and arrows. Aside from presence of sponsors, contributors and a busy camera crew, spectators were also invited to attend to cheer on their contestants.

Many participants expressed their intention to return next year, with many planning on bringing friends. The sense of accomplishment and the confidence gained from the event were evident in their words. “I learned so much practical, applicable skills from the medical portion. I feel much more confident being able to help others or myself,” one participant said, which seemed to be the overall impact of the event among contestants.

Two contestants, eager to participate in the survival games.

Above: Nothing builds the bonds of friendship quite like a shared obstacle to overcome. Everyone who attended left the 2024 PNW Survival Games with new friends and new stories to share around their next campfire.

Final Thoughts

Despite some minor setbacks—understandable for an event in only its second year—the PNW Survival Games proved to be an accessible and invaluable experience for anyone interested in survival skills. It offered a unique opportunity to learn and practice these skills in a supportive environment while also providing a platform for participants to meet TV personalities and potentially pursue their own path in the survival community. For those who participated, it was an unforgettable experience that left them better prepared to face the challenges of the wild—and eager to return for more.

Special Thanks

This event would not have been the success it was without the hard work of LeeAnn Peniche holding down base camp, and all of the sponsors, vendors and contestants chipping in to help. We are also grateful for the timely response of the Molalla First Responder crew who came to help the contestant who suffered a heat injury.

First responders in an ambulance.

Above: Molalla First Responders arrived in short order to assist with a heat injury. Their presence added a layer of comfort knowing they were nearby and ready to help.

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Concealable Plate Carrier: Haley Strategic Thorax Incog Review

It could be argued that warfare is a telegraph of the societies engaged in it. Despite the continued conventional conflict in places like Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia, much of the rest of the world is looking at asymmetric threats that require a more refined response. Whether it’s protecting the Olympic Games or the president’s life, being adaptable to threats that don’t require MultiCam and machine guns has become critical to any defense plan — including those of prepared citizens. Two years ago, Haley Strategic Partners launched their Thorax Plate Carrier. It’s a product still on par with market trends: a compound of Velcro and MOLLE that minimizes bulk while accepting a diverse array of clip-on placards with the traditional pair of pinch-buckles mounted to the front of the concealable plate carrier. Multiple placard options, plus multiple cummerbund and side-entry options made the Thorax a heavy-duty, low-bulk option for everyone from prepared citizens to professional end users.

Above: The slender plate carrier disappears beneath this 5.11 Tactical Gunner plaid flannel shirt and would be easy to conceal under a jacket or sweatshirt.

This year, HSP announced a new iteration of the concept they’re calling the Thorax Incog that’s aimed squarely at low-profile use cases. Every design feature of the Thorax Incog is purpose driven and meant to provide users with the lowest-possible signature while still being scalable to carry a fighting load. The Thorax Incog starts with plate bags made from 500D Cordura and stretch Tweave. While the original Thorax included heavier, padded, thermo-formed backing and technical laminates to sustain a heavy load over time, the simpler construction of the Incog variant is meant to hug both your plates and your body with a glove-like fit. It should actually form to your body over time if you wear it enough. But this glove can quickly turn into a gauntlet with just a few quick additions to the carrier. More on that in a minute …

Slicked Down

The front bag has two fields of loop material, a large one for attaching a triple-rifle-mag TRMP Incog panel, and a smaller chip-shaped one up top for patches — whether you’re running a police placard, American flag, or just your favorite morale patches. The rear bag also has a small loop field up high for patches or placards. The cummerbund is attached by inserting it into a pass-through sleeve sewn into the back of the carrier. Once it’s in place, press down on the hook-and-loop and you’re good to go. The Incogspecific cummerbunds that come with the Incog are elastic, and each side features a single cell that can hold a rifle mag, radio, small med kit, or other accessory. The sleeve has a single row of laser-cut PALS slots on the outside if you want to attach a small pouch. If you need more or different side support, the Thorax Incog is compatible with all existing Thorax cummerbunds, including their Chicken Strap, Side Entry System, and side-plate-bearing PALS cummerbunds.

Above: The Thorax Incog is made in the USA from U.S. materials in a variety of solid colors and MultiCam patterns. Cummerbunds are sold separately, allowing the user to choose their preferred style.

The aforementioned TRMP Incog is a variation of the existing Haley Strategic Triple Rifle Magazine Placard. The difference lies in the attachment system. When designing the Thorax Incog, HSP received feedback from SOF personnel that while they did want modularity, they wanted the slicked-down configuration to be as slick as possible. That meant no buckles or G-hooks on the front bag that would protrude when wearing the carrier concealed under plainclothes. The result is what the HSP team calls TabLoc. The front of the plate carrier has two narrow channels sewn into it — one at each outside edge. The TRMP panel itself has a corresponding pair of long, thin, reinforced nylon tabs that slide into the channels before the hook-and-loop is pressed to lock everything together.

Bulked Up

Bulking up the Thorax Incog is quick work, if your use case requires it. Conventional wisdom might scoff at the idea of taking a plate carrier designed to be low-visibility and then building it out to run as a high-profile rig with full combat load. But there are advantages to this. First and foremost, because of the intention for it to be lowpro, the Thorax Incog has a much snugger, glove-like fit to the body. The plate bags hug the plates tighter and the carrier hugs you tighter. So even when you pile on placards and pouches, the Incog variant still sits closer to the body. For prepared citizens — who are not running 12-hour missions laden down with grenades and multiple radios and enough ammunition for a protracted gunfight — the extra padding can be foregone for a more bespoke fit that will be just as comfortable in most situations. This also has the benefit of a carrier that can strip down slim enough to fit under a hoodie or flannel.

Above: The fastest way of scaling up this slick plate carrier is to put on a kitted-out chest rig over it. This is known as patrol configuration.

The second is increased adaptability if you do choose to bulk up. Within the Haley Strategic ecosystem alone, there are multiple ways to scale up the Thorax Incog. If you have added the TRMP Incog panel to the front of your carrier, and that’s not enough extra capacity, you can add on the Auxiliary MOLLE Panel. The AMP is simply a hook-and-loop wrap that completely engulfs the TRMP. Now you can carry three rifle mags, plus whatever you can fit onto the six rows of laser cut MOLLE slots. If that isn’t enough, you can add a hanger to the bottom of the carrier, by sandwiching in the hook-and-loop between the back of the TRMP and the front of the plate carrier. HSP offers multiple hangers including MOLLE panel variants, the Multi-Mission Hanger, which is a general cargo pouch that can be adapted to carry different types of items, or the 5-Banger Hanger, which is a purpose built hanger that holds five 40mm rounds in elastic loops.

Haley Strategic also has “wing pouches” that hang off the edge of the carrier, tucked behind the cummerbund, that will hold military grade radios if you need communications. We’ve seen wing pouches from other manufacturers that hold everything from knives to tourniquets to (even) more magazines. Adding pouches onto the cummerbund is also an option.

 

The only potential issue with scaling your carrier up with all these attachments is, if you want to go back down to a slick configuration, it’s going to take a few minutes to manually remove each component. Switching on the fly or in the middle of a protracted crisis is less than ideal, especially if you’re somewhere other than your garage (where we presume you have a plastic tub to store all your nylon “parts and pieces” just like we do).

The Middle Ground: Patrol Ready

The alternative is a setup sometimes referred to as “patrol configuration,” where you simply keep your plate carrier completely slick all the time and don a separate, pre-loaded chest rig over it when more gear is needed. That term comes from situations when special operations units have to infiltrate their target area on foot — through jungle or over mountains — and then engage a specific objective through direct assault. Because plate carriers trap body heat and can be highly uncomfortable with a heavy rucksack on top of them, these teams would keep a slick plate carrier in their pack while hiking through harsh terrain. But they still wear standalone chest rigs to have ammunition, first aid, and comms within arms’ reach if they get attacked on the move. When the team reaches its specific target, they pull those plate carriers out of their rucks, put the chest rigs on over top of them, and now have body armor to protect them during the deliberate assault.

Above: In slick configuration, the Thorax Incog with DFNDR plates still allows unimpeded access to your AIWB draw.

This approach holds good value for prepared citizens. For those living in urban or suburban areas, wearing a plate carrier with nothing attached to it, easily concealed with street clothes, allows you personal protection when moving through high-risk neighborhoods, or when civil unrest begins to escalate. You may need to move through dangerous areas without making yourself a target by appearing as if you showed up to participate. But if you wind up in a situation where having at least a basic self-defense loadout accessible and in the open is advantageous, you can slip your chest rig on over the armor and street clothes.

Above: The TRMP panel with AMP can be quickly added via the unique Tab- Loc system.

The reverse is also true. Folks living in rural areas who may be concerned with protecting a ranch or other larger property might not need plates very often but may want a chest rig and rifle handy when checking their property lines in a vehicle, on an ATV, or even on horseback. A small chest rig like HSP’s D3 Micro, shown in the photo below, can stow almost anywhere — under a car seat, in a saddlebag, even inside a backpack or messenger bag where it’s quickly accessible but completely hidden until needed.

The State of The Plate

Much like night vision or AR-pattern carbines, your kit must be looked at as a system. The armor plates are one component of that system and not all plates will work with all carriers. We initially had some trouble finding plates that fit the Thorax Incog. We have Level III+ plates from multiple manufacturers that would not fit this carrier, on account of being too thick (1.1 to 1.2 inches). Because the Incog is meant to be a low-profile carrier, the bag sizing is biased to thinner plates. Since we did not have any plates on hand that fit properly, the team at Haley Strategic directed us to DFNDR Armor, the brand they carry and use.

The folks at DFNDR were very responsive and incredibly helpful, sending over a set of their new RF1 Elite plates. Plate thickness and weight are usually a balancing act against cost and protection level. Rifle-rated plates can be had for 5-ish pounds per plate, but they’re typically over an inch thick. You can get them thinner, but then you’re relying on more ceramic in the construction, which can make them closer to 8 pounds per plate. But thinner, heavier plates can be cheaper. Protection levels being (relatively) equal, you typically wind up at a decision point that looks like this:

  • Lightweight
  • Thin
  • Inexpensive

Pick two.

In the case of DFNDR’s RF1 Elite, you’re getting the first two in exchange for the third. These stand-alone plates require no soft armor backer and are tested to the NIJ’s new armor rating protocol, which classifies rifle-rated armor into three categories. The lowest level, RF1, is required to stop the following threats:

  • 5.56x45mm NATO M193 ball (55-grain FMJ)
  • 7.62x51mm NATO M80 ball (147-grain FMJ Steel Jacket)
  • 7.62x39mm Russian 57N231S (122-grain Mild Steel Core)

The DFNDR RF1 Elite plates are rated to stop all of these threats while measuring only 0.75-inch thick and weighing in at an astonishing 2.09 pounds per plate for a medium SAPI cut. Prices range from (brace yourself) $1,390 to $1,730 per plate, depending on size — no small financial feat, for sure.

But what you’re paying for is the ability to have rifle level armor protection that is thin enough to wear under almost any shirt and light enough to wear all day. The adage buy once, cry once might hurt your wallet for a couple of months but will ensure that you have a piece of cutting-edge protective equipment that will serve you well, and do so comfortably, for years to come.

Total Package

Due to its simplified design, the Thorax Incog Plate Bags ($125) and cummerbund ($60) are nearly $100 less than the original Thorax plate bags by themselves ($270). If you need the additional load-bearing properties of the latter, it’s money well spent. But if your job or preparedness plan are built around concealability and scalability, the Incog variant will save you some money which can be conveniently spent on accessories. In fact, at $95, the TRMP Incog placard is almost exactly the price difference between the two Thorax models.

We’ve seen a lot of really great plate carriers. Some are bombproof workhorses meant to haul a platoon’s worth of gear. Others are ultra-minimalist with zero load carriage whatsoever. Others attempt to be a jack-of-all-trades but don’t perform in either category with true excellence. The Haley Strategic Thorax Incog may be the first one we’ve come across that scales up and down with real seamlessness. In base configuration, it’s truly slick but can be built up to a level that allows it to punch way above its weight class against more complex, much more expensive plate carriers. If you don’t yet have a hard armor setup in your gear locker, or you think it’s time to refresh your kit to keep up with current advancements, we almost guarantee the Haley Strategic Thorax Incog can be made into your goldilocks fit, regardless of use case or occupation.

Sources

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Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original print version for the web.


Red Dot Pistol Fundamentals with Modern Samurai Project

Getting started in the world of firearms can be overwhelming. Sure, there are countless videos, blogs, and books out there, but there are also a lot of conflicting opinions, and sadly, a great deal of misinformation. As someone who aspires to become a more proficient pistol shooter, it was tough to find a reliable source to learn from. Fortunately, I was advised to check out Modern Samurai Project (MSP), a business with a world-class lead instructor who prides himself in getting shooters who are new to red-dot-equipped pistols up to speed quickly. And, as fortune would have it, MSP founder and lead instructor Scott Jedlinski was headed to the nearby Richmond Rod and Gun Club to teach his flagship class: Red Dot Pistol Fundamentals and Performance.

When I first signed up for Scott's 2-day class, I wasn’t entirely sure what to expect. My experience with handguns was limited to rudimentary training with a standard-issue 9mm Beretta during my military service and occasional range visits with my personal handguns. Formal performance training was foreign to me, and the idea of mastering a red dot-equipped pistol in two days felt daunting. However, I was eager to learn, and Scott’s reputation in the industry made this an opportunity I couldn’t pass up.

Scott teaching at the Red Dot Pistol Fundamentals course.

Above: Scott Jedlinski, AKA “Jedi”, applies the discipline he acquired learning martial arts to his passion for performance shooting.

The Instructors

Scott Jedlinski, the mastermind behind this course, is a force to be reckoned with in the world of tactical training. A lifelong martial artist with a Master class shooter rating in USPSA, Scott brings a wealth of experience to the table. With hundreds of hours of training under some of the industry’s best, his expertise spans from self-defense to competition shooting. His Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu brown belt, earned under Tony Passos and Vicente da Silva Jr., adds another layer of discipline to his teaching approach. Scott’s resume isn’t just for show — his classes have been sought after by elite organizations including Pentagon ERT, US Marshals, FBI National Tactical Training Unit, and multiple SWAT teams across the country. His primary focus in this course was on the red dot-equipped pistol, an increasingly ubiquitous tool for carry weapons.

This course was elevated further by assistant instructor AJ Zito of Practical Performance. AJ also has Master class shooter rating with the USPSA, is a U.S. Army combat veteran, and spent several years working in the private security and executive protection sector. Over the years, he has turned his passion for firearms into a career, first earning a gunsmithing degree, and later founding his own instruction company. For more on Zito's background, check out Recoil's interview with him in Issue 67.

The Red Dot Pistol class listening to Scott as he teaches the course.

Above: The course was intense and fast paced, but Scott and AJ were always willing to take the time to help students get the techniques right.

The Course: Red Dot Pistol Fundamentals and Performance

This course wasn’t designed for beginners who had never handled a handgun before. To participate, a solid basic pistol skill base is required, which attracted a diverse group of participants, from professional shooters, to law enforcement officers, to guys like myself, all looking to refine their skills with red dot-equipped pistols. The course covered a broad spectrum of topics, from zeroing the red dot to mastering draw techniques and utilizing the sight for accurate shots at various distances.

Scott’s teaching style was straightforward and practical. “This is a way to do it, not the only way to do it,” he reminded us throughout the course. This approach was refreshing and set the tone for an open-minded learning environment.

AJ Zito helps assist the instruction.

Above: AJ demonstrates how much more stable it is to fire when your elbows are NOT locked out.

Day One: Building the Foundation

The first day kicked off with a focus on the fundamentals. Before even hitting the range, Scott discussed which red dots were available on the market, and which ones he prefers. After a range safety brief, we started by zeroing our red dots. From there, we moved into dry and live fire drills, honing in on grip, stance, and presentation. Scott’s emphasis on maintaining a fighting stance with our feet, and bending rather than locking elbows, ensured that we were shooting from a solid base, which would improve accuracy. He also shared a tip that has since become a staple in my practice: when drawing the firearm, push it down into the holster first, allowing it to “bounce” up into your grip. This technique, combined with learning to build my grip efficiently, drastically improved my draw speed.

We quickly learned that our support hand — rather than the firing hand — is almost 100% responsible for keeping the firearm steady while shooting. Scott pushed us to keep our support hand strong, his exact words being, “don’t let your support hand be a bitch.” It was blunt and humorous, yet an effective reminder that control is key in landing accurate and precise shots. To prove his point, Scott held his firearm primarily with his support hand, not even holding the grip with his firing hand, and with a single finger in the trigger well, sent a burst of rounds into a target in rapid succession. The results were eye-opening. With the gun held firmly with the support hand, it hardly moved.

One of the standout moments from day one was the realization that the red dot isn’t just a tool for precision — the housing itself is a guide that can be used even in high-pressure situations. Scott demonstrated how, in a pinch, simply using the outline of the sight window could be enough to land accurate shots. It was yet another eye opener for me, shifting my perspective on how to utilize the red dot in real-world scenarios. Rather than wasting time acquiring a perfect sight picture in a high-stress, close-range situation, the sight window offers an expeditious way to get shots on target.

At the end of the day, I realized that the way I was wearing my holster didn't seem ideal. When asked how to tweak my setup, Scott offered me some invaluable pointers on concealed appendix carry. For starters, adjusting my belt to move the buckle off-center, and applying custom foam wedges to the back side of the holster to improve the angle and comfort — these were small adjustments that made a big difference.

The red dot equipped pistol used during Scotts class.

Above: My setup for the class was a Walther PDP, Leupold DeltaPoint Pro, Surefire X300 Turbo, and a Tier 1 Concealed MSP IWB holster (Scott's signature series holster).

Day Two: Pushing the Limits

The second day was all about speed and accuracy. We began shooting at different distances, running through a series of drills designed to push our limits. Scott emphasized the importance of efficiency in our draw and presentation, encouraging us to find a rhythm that allowed for both speed and precision.

Scott’s focus on the support hand was a recurring theme throughout the course. He taught us to drive our pinky finger on the support hand into our sternum, creating a firmer, more stable grip. This small adjustment had a profound impact on my shooting, increasing my control and accuracy significantly.

AJ Zito demonstrating draw technique.

Above: AJ discusses draw technique.

The Black Belt Patch Challenge

One of the unique aspects of this course was the opportunity to earn the Black Belt Patch, a badge of honor that only a few could claim. The criteria were rigorous, to say the least:

  • 3&2 Drill: At 3 yards, 3 shots to the center of mass (COM) Alpha, then transition to 2 rounds on a 3×5 card in the head box within 2.0 seconds.
  • 1 Shot Drill at 7 yards: 1 shot to COM Alpha within 1.0 second.
  • Bill Drill at 7 yards: 6 shots to COM Alpha within 2.0 seconds.
  • 1 Shot Drill at 25 yards: 1 shot to COM Alpha within 1.5 seconds.

These drills were not just a test of skill but of composure under pressure. Most of my shots were fired between the 3 and 4 second range, but all were inside the designated target zone. Not too shabby considering this was my first go at any form of competitive shooting challenge, but not enough for that coveted Black Belt Patch. While I still have a long ways to go before I can earn a patch, the challenge provided a clear benchmark for where I stood and what I needed to work on.

Our class did have one Black Belt Patch recipient, and it was none other than assistant instructor AJ Zito. This was the second time for him to earn this difficult achievement, and it spoke to his talents and proficiency as shooter. At MSP classes, even the instructors themselves are continuously putting in hard work to become better shooters — the process of self-improvement is never truly finished.

Richmond Rod and Gun Club class.

Final Thoughts

Attending Scott’s Red Dot Pistol Fundamentals and Performance course was a paradigm shifting experience. It pushed me to rethink how I approach shooting and highlighted areas where I needed to improve. The biggest takeaway for me was the importance of the support grip, something I had previously thought nothing about. Scott’s teaching style was candid and effective. His ability to break down complex concepts into digestible pieces made the course accessible, even for a relative handgun beginner like me. His emphasis on flexibility, reminding us that there isn’t always a single “right” way to do things, encouraged a mindset of continuous learning and adaptation.

Scott's course is not just a class for one type of shooter — it’s for anyone serious about improving their skills with a red dot-equipped pistol. This course offers valuable insights and practical techniques that can make all the difference in high-pressure situations, whether that's competition, self-defense, or in the line of duty. While the Black Belt Patch remains a goal for the future, the lessons I’ve taken away from this experience are ones that will stick with me and revamp they way I approach training. My future days at the range will be much more effective. If you’re considering taking your shooting skills to the next level, this course is an investment worth making.

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How to Treat Penetrating Chest Wounds

When you think about lung damage, you might think about pneumonia, but not all damage to the lungs and chest is related to inflammation due to infections. Trauma is also a possibility, especially for those of us who venture off the grid for activities such as hunting, hiking, or mountain biking. In austere settings, a family medic may have to deal with injuries that can sometimes be lethal without immediate intervention. Penetrating chest wounds often fall into this category.

WARNING: Although the steps to performing needle decompression and chest tubes are explained in this article, be aware that these procedures are not always successful, even in the hands of trained medical personnel. If performed incorrectly, they can cause severe injury or death, and certain states do not waive liability for complications under “Good Samaritan” laws. Always stay within your level of training and seek professional medical help as soon as possible.

First, some anatomy: The lungs are protected by the rib cage. Humans have 12 pairs of ribs, numbered from top to bottom. These are sometimes called “true ribs,” “false ribs,” and “floating ribs.” The true ribs (ribs 1 to 7) connect to the sternum (breastbone) via flexible connective tissue called cartilage. The false ribs (8 to 10) connect not to the sternum itself, but to the cartilage of the 7th rib instead. The 11th and 12th ribs “float” in front, with no connection to the breastbone at all. All ribs, however, connect to the spine in back. Ribs are also connected to each other by muscles (called intercostal muscles). Nerves and blood vessels travel just under each rib in the intercostal space.

3D Illustration Concept of Human Skeleton System Rib Cage Bone Joints Anatomy

Above: An illustration of the human rib cage.

Rib Fractures

Once significant trauma impacts the rib cage, fractures may occur. Rib fractures most often involve the middle ribs. If a rib is broken, you may note the following:

  • Pain, sometimes with a palpable bump or dent at the site of impact
  • Increased discomfort with breathing or movement
  • Bruising of the chest or back
  • Grating sensations or sounds when fractured bone ends rub against each other (use a stethoscope over the area to listen)
  • “Splinting,” the tensing of muscles in an effort to decrease pain while breathing

In uncomplicated single fractures, there’s often no change in the appearance of the chest wall itself. Previously, these injuries were treated with a binder or by tightly taping around the entire chest. Although these methods relieved some discomfort, they’re now thought to cause more harm than good by preventing the ability to take deep breaths. Failure to fully inflate the lungs can lead to pneumonia. Instead of completely encircling the chest, tape could be placed on the front over the injured rib and ending at the middle of the spine in the back.

Illustration showing what a rib fracture may look like.

Above: Simple rib fractures may heal with little intervention, but more severe fractures can puncture the lungs.

You can prevent pneumonia due to “under-breathing” by encouraging slow deep-breathing exercises and gentle coughing every two hours or so. Your patient will experience less pain during this process by holding a blanket or pillow against the site of injury. Some practitioners, instead, place the arm on the affected side in a sling with padding between the arm and ribs for support during breathing exercises. Full recovery will take six to eight weeks.

Ibuprofen and cold packs are helpful for pain. Interestingly, many rib fracture patients sleep more peacefully lying on the injured side.

More serious or multiple fractures may present with:

  • Rapid, shallow breathing
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Bloody cough (hemoptysis)
  • Markedly irregular appearance (bump or dent) at the site of injury
  • Decreased or unusual movement of the chest wall on the affected side

The signs above may indicate injury to the lungs or other structures in the chest.

When there are multiple rib fractures, they usually occur in a row. This injury is called a Flail Chest and can be identified by placing one hand on each side of the chest. Observe chest movement during breathing. The uninjured side will rise during inhalation as normal, but the flail injury side will fall. This occurs because the loose rib segments “float” and are pulled into the chest cavity when inhaling. The lung is usually bruised (at best) and gets less oxygen to the body. Without modern respiratory support and, perhaps, surgical intervention, the patient is unlikely to survive.

Diagrams displaying varying lung conditions.

Above: A lung can collapse due to the pleural space filling with air, blood, or a combination of both.

Pneumothorax

Rib fractures are most dangerous if a bone fragment punctures organs in the chest, such as the lungs. Air enters the chest cavity through the lung puncture, causing a condition known as a pneumothorax. As more air fills the chest, it causes pressure that makes it difficult for the lung to inflate with air. The lung collapses under the increased pressure.

If blood is filling the chest cavity, it’s called a hemothorax. Hemothorax is characterized by a dull sound on tapping (percussion), while air in the chest cavity sounds more like a drum. If it’s dulled at the bottom and drum-like at the top of the lung, it’s a combination of the two (hemopneumothorax).

Although a person with a very small pneumothorax will complain of pain with breathing or some shortness of breath, the condition may sometimes resolve on its own or with supplemental oxygen. It may, however, progress to a tension pneumothorax.

In tension pneumothorax, a large air collection in the pleural space compromises breathing and heart function. It can occur as a result of trauma from an open chest wound, like a stab wound or a gunshot. It can also occur in closed trauma, like a rib fracture.

The victim may present with signs of bluish skin coloration (cyanosis), distended neck veins, rapid breathing, and an elevated heart rate. The victim may go into shock. If you use a stethoscope, you’ll hear crackling sounds or, sometimes, no breath sounds at all on the affected side.

A diagram depicting a full lung vs a collapsed lung.

Above: If air enters the chest cavity and causes the lung to collapse, this is known as a pneumothorax

Needle Decompression

With a tension pneumothorax from a rib fracture, emergency needle decompression is indicated if there isn’t an open wound. Needle decompression carries significant risks and can be fatal if performed incorrectly. It should only be attempted in austere settings if it’s clear the patient will die without action taken on their behalf.

Photo of decompression needles.

Above: Some individual first aid kits (IFAKs) or trauma kits include a decompression needle, but it’s critical that you understand the risks and have been trained in the proper technique before attempting to use one.

To perform needle decompression:

  • Wearing gloves, clean the area of the chest on the affected side with Povidone-iodine solution (betadine) or Chlorhexidine (Hibiclens). Your target is the intercostal space just above the third rib midway between the center of the collarbone and the nipple. On the left side, be sure to stay to the outside of the nipple line and not pointed toward the heart (left side). An alternative would be the fourth or fifth intercostal space at a line straight down from the front of the armpit (anterior axillary line). A product called Thorasite is meant to pinpoint this area clearly.
  • Using a 10-14-gauge 3.25-inch decompression needle catheter, enter the skin just above the rib at a 90-
    degree angle to the chest wall. This will avoid blood vessels and nerves, which travel just below the rib.
  • Listen for a pop and a hiss as air passes through. This should decrease the pressure in the chest cavity and allow the lung to inflate.
  • Remove the metal needle and secure the remaining plastic sleeve (the “catheter”) in place with tape.
  • Many are taught to place a valve of some sort over the catheter once placed. This is meant to prevent air from returning to the lung cavity. Some needles may have a stopcock for this purpose. Otherwise, an item known as a “vented chest seal” may be used as a covering.

A photo of a guide for a decompression needle.

Above: The SAM Thorasite serves as a guide for decompression needle placement.

Chest Seals

Chest seals are useful items for medical storage. Asherman, Hyfin, Bolin, or other vented chest seals are effective in helping secure the catheter in place in a closed pneumothorax.

When penetrating trauma like a stab or gunshot collapses a lung, it’s termed an “open pneumothorax” or a “sucking chest wound.” In order for a lung to reinflate, a chest seal must be placed over the site of entrance wounds (and exit, if any). Your goal is to provide a way for the air to escape from the chest cavity wound, but not to go back in.

Chest X-ray of a stab wound with knife in place. If an object has impaled the chest, it’s generally advisable to leave it there until the patient reaches a hospital. Removing it may make the situation much worse.

Above: Chest X-ray of a stab wound with knife in place. If an object has impaled the chest, it’s generally advisable to leave it there until the patient reaches a hospital. Removing it may make the situation much worse.

To apply a chest seal:

  • Position the victim so that breathing is easiest.
  • Wipe all edges of the entry wound clean with dry gauze.
  • Wait for the patient to exhale and apply the seal without touching the inside adhesive surface.
  • Repeat this process for exit wounds as well.

The desired effect of a properly placed chest seal is to decrease the pressure in the lung cavity that’s preventing the lung from inflating. Your patient should start to breathe easier.

Although many commercial vented seals are available, one can be improvised by taking a 4- to 6-inch square of plastic wrap or other airtight material and firmly taping over the top and sides of the wound. The open bottom edge will serve as a valve and allow air (and perhaps, blood) to escape and the lung to inflate, while not letting air back in. Do not seal all four sides. If this fails, it may be because air cannot exit. In this case, the wound opening could be spread slightly to allow air to exit; then, replace the seal.

Photo of a chest seal applied to a torso.

Above: Sealing a chest wound requires a valve or a side to be open so that air can enter and fluids can drain. Hyfin vented chest seal (left) and an improvised chest seal (right)

Chest Tubes

A successful needle decompression or chest seal placement is only the start in a wound that collapses a lung. There’s much more to be done, such as placing a chest tube. This is an extensive procedure that opens a path for drainage of fluids and re-inflation of the lung. Inflammatory or bloody fluid is likely to accumulate in many lung wounds and must be eliminated to allow adequate air passage. A chest tube will help.

Most commonly, a suction system powered by electricity is used for a major wound. If no help is coming, however, a chest tube of sorts, using gravity, can be improvised in dire off-the-grid circumstances.

A length of plastic tubing (not too soft) with several holes cut in the sides will be a good material to use for the tube itself. It doesn’t have to be very large. 38 French is a typical size for an adult (French size is a measure of the outer diameter of the tubing). 38 French is about half an inch, but somewhat larger sizes can be used if available, especially in the case of a hemothorax.

Once inserted, remove the metal decompression needle and leave the plastic catheter.

Above: Once inserted, remove the metal decompression needle and leave the plastic catheter.

Locate the fifth intercostal space at the mid-axillary line (straight down from the middle of the armpit). The incision should be made higher in women in advanced pregnancy. It must be above the level of the diaphragm.

If local anesthesia is available, this is a good time to use it. Put on sterile gloves and make a small incision with a scalpel through the intercostal muscle. This should be big enough to accommodate the tube and penetrate all the way into the space between the inside chest wall and the lung. A hiss may be noted when it enters the chest cavity. Stretch the incision with a Kelly clamp and then your finger to make space for the tube.

Placing the tip on the clamp on the forward end of the tube, deposit the tubing into the lung space. Using the clamp, insert it further in until all the drainage holes are inside the pleural space. Place a silk suture to secure the tube so it doesn’t fall out. There should be no fluid or air leakage from the incision itself. Cover with a sterile dressing.

Once a chest tube is inserted, secure it in place with a nonabsorbable suture.

Above: Once a chest tube is inserted, secure it in place with a nonabsorbable suture.

Ongoing Care and Complications

Now that the chest tube has been placed, you need a drainage collecting system. Two bottles with tops and some more tubing can be used as materials. Make two holes in the top of each bottle that match the size of the tubing. The end of the tube that’s in the lung space is placed in one of the openings in the first bottle. Here’s where blood and air will collect.

Place one end of some extra tubing in the second opening of the first bottle and insert the other end into a hole in the second bottle. This bottle should contain about 20 centimeters of sterile water. The tubing is placed so that the end is 2 centimeters below the water level. This prevents air from entering the lung space.

Once the tubing is properly secured and leak-free, air from the lung space goes into the first bottle and travels to the second bottle. It’ll appear as bubbles coming from the underwater end of the tube (more noticeable when the patient coughs). The air then exits through the second hole in the second bottle. If the chest tube is clear, the water will rise slightly with inhalation and fall with exhalation. As water evaporates, it’s important to check and maintain the water level in the bottle.

Pneumothorax patients may present with cyanosis, bluish skin coloration due to a shortage of oxygen in the blood.

Above: Pneumothorax patients may present with cyanosis, bluish skin coloration due to a shortage of oxygen in the blood.

The victim is placed on the side that the chest tube was placed so gravity helps with drainage. The bottles are placed below the level of the patient. Tubing should be checked regularly for kinks. Some suggest having the patient blow into a balloon or a nitrile glove to help force fluid and air out of the chest cavity during healing. Be aware that this will be painful. At the very least, have the patient perform deep breathing and coughing exercises.

As blood accumulates in the first bottle, it’ll likely need discarding from time to time. The tube should be removed when the patient is stable, drainage is minimal (100ml per day or so), and no air bubbles are noted.

Complications with this system, even in modern times, aren’t uncommon. If, for some reason, the chest tube falls out of the chest, immediately apply pressure to the insertion site after having the patient exhale fully. Disconnection of the tube further out in the drainage system requires clamping the tube and immediately placing the disconnected ends in sterile water. Clean the loose ends with alcohol and reconnect.

Cropped shot of a doctor inserting a tube into a patient’s chest in an emergency room

Above: Doctors placing a chest tube in an emergency room.

It’s not rare for blood clots to clog chest tubes. Avoid stripping or “milking.” Suctioning the tube with a large syringe may be a low-tech solution to clear the system. If this doesn’t work, the tube may require removal and reinsertion. If constant bubbling in the system is noted, there may be an air leak somewhere in the system.

To remove, have a dressing ready with a good amount of petroleum jelly on it. Cut the suture that is holding the tube in place and have the patient hold their breath and bear down. As soon as they comply, pull the tube out quickly and place the dressing on right away. Secure in place. There may be some splatter (and, oh, it hurts).

The above method is a reasonable option in austere settings, but, honestly, no improvised system will be as efficient and sterile as the suction systems and respiratory support available in modern medical facilities.

Engraving of The Battle of New Bern-Final and Successful Charge of the Federal Troops under General Burnside on the Confederate Fortifications, March 14, 1862 Civil War Engraving from

Above: During the American Civil War, chest trauma carried a staggering 72 percent death rate.

Reality Check

It’s important to accept that a traumatic pneumothorax will be difficult to survive. During the Civil War, chest wounds carried a 72 percent death rate. We’ve come a long way since then, but the chances of a failed procedure or complication are very high when you’re working outdoors in austere conditions with less-than-ideal equipment. Be realistic in your expectations, and always try to call for help before attempting any potentially life-threatening medical procedure on your own.

About the Author

Joe Alton, MD, FACOG, FACS, is an actively licensed physician, medical preparedness advocate, and the New York Times bestselling author of several award-winning books, including The Survival Medicine Handbook: The Essential Guide For When Help Is NOT On The Way, now in its fourth edition. He designs an entire line of medical kits for the serious off-grid medic; find them at www.doomandbloom.net

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Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original print version for the web

 


Optical Enhancements

The human eye is an impressive thing. It contains two types of powerful photoreceptors — cone cells which can distinguish between approximately 10 million individual colors, and rod cells that are sensitive enough to respond to even a single photon of light. Its ciliary muscles are able to change focus up to 50 times per second, and experiments by scientists at MIT showed that the visual cortex can process and correctly identify images seen for as little as 13 milliseconds. However, human vision still has its limitations, even for those of us who don’t require optical enhancements.

Unlike eagles, whose vision is sharp enough to track prey animals from two miles away, we can’t see much detail on small objects at great distances. Compared to many nocturnal species, our vision in low-light conditions is truly abysmal. And then there’s the fact that we can only detect light in wavelengths between 380 and 700 nanometers, effectively making us blind to ultraviolet and infrared light that other animals can perceive.

Fortunately, humanity’s greatest strengths — our intelligence and ability to make tools — have led us to solutions to all of these deficiencies. Magnified optics help us see further, image intensifiers (aka night vision devices) amplify traces of light, and specialized sensors detect energy wavelengths far beyond the visual spectrum. In this article, we’ll take a look at some of these categories of optical enhancements and their generalized pros and cons for well-rounded emergency preparedness.

Binoculars

Typically referred to as “binos,” binoculars mimic and enhance the average human’s natural two-eyed vision. You’ll typically see them described based on their magnification power and objective lens diameter, typically expressed as a pair of numbers (e.g., 10×50). The first number indicates the magnification power. The second number is the diameter of the objective lens in millimeters, which affects light-gathering ability and overall image brightness. Larger lenses can take in more light, and therefore perform better around dusk or dawn or during overcast conditions. The field of view refers to the width of the area visible through the binoculars at a specific distance, usually measured in feet at 1,000 yards. A wider FOV is beneficial for tracking moving objects and scanning large areas, making it essential for activities like bird watching and sports.

Binoculars use prisms to correct the orientation of the image. There are two main types: roof prisms and porro prisms. Roof prism binoculars are more compact and lightweight, while Porro prism binoculars are bulkier but often provide a better depth of field and a wider FOV at a lower cost. Optical coatings on the lenses reduce glare and improve light transmission, enhancing image clarity and contrast. Terms like “fully coated,” “multi-coated,” and “fully multi-coated” describe the extent and quality of these coatings. Fully multi-coated lenses provide the best performance, especially in low-light conditions. Eye relief is the distance from the eyepiece to your eye where the full field of view is visible. It’s a crucial feature for those who wear glasses, as sufficient eye relief ensures a comfortable viewing experience without removing eyewear. Typically, an eye relief of 15mm or more is ideal for glasses wearers.

Our search for a solid midrange, high-performance binocular led us to the 5 Primal by Riton Optics. Constructed with a lightweight aluminum alloy and coated in rubber armor, they provide a secure grip and can withstand harsh conditions. The 10×42 ED configuration ensures sharp, clear images with excellent color fidelity. Fully multi-coated lenses enhance light transmission for bright visuals even in low-light settings. Waterproof and fog proof, these binos are reliable in diverse
weather conditions.

Studio photo of Riton binos that can be used for optical enhancements

Make & Model: Riton – 5 Primal 10×42 ED

MSRP: $650

URL: ritonoptics.com

Pros:

  • Binos allow us to take advantage of both our eyes, not just one, offering improved depth perception, spatial awareness, and reduced visual strain.
  • Moderate magnification and wide FOV make them well-suited to scanning an environment and locating targets.
  • Many binoculars, including the Riton 5 Primal, can also be adapted to a tripod for extended use in stationary positions.

Cons:

  • Although made with lightweight materials, hand-holding any set of binoculars may still feel tiring during extended periods of observation.
  • There’s a substantial trade-off between portability, image quality, and cost. Bigger objective lenses will yield a brighter image, but high-quality glass is expensive and heavy.

Spotting Scope

Technically a subcategory of telescopes, spotting scopes are designed for observation of faraway objects without all the bulk and weight of a full-size telescope. And rather than gazing up at the stars, these devices help us with more practical terrestrial tasks such as surveillance, hunting, and precision shooting. Unlike rifle-mounted scopes or handheld binoculars, which are designed with portability in mind, spotting scopes are typically supported by tripods. This means they can use a much larger objective lens to gather the maximum amount of light, producing a clearer and brighter image. Most spotting scopes are designed purely for observation, but more specialized models incorporate reticles which can be used to call out corrections while shooting or estimate distance to a target using stadiametric rangefinder markings or a ranging formula (object height in inches x 27.77 / height in MILs = distance in yards).

Studio photo of the spotting scope featured in the article about the pros and cons of optical enhancements.

The spotting scope shown here is Vortex’s top-of-the-line Razor HD 27-60x85mm angled model. A straight-through variant is also available for those who prefer that style. The Razor HD features a massive 85mm objective lens with superb sharpness, light transmission, and color fidelity. The lens and prism both feature multiple coatings to maintain brightness and clarity, and the housing is purged with argon gas to make it both waterproof and fog proof. It comes with a versatile 27-60x zoom eyepiece, but we elected to swap it for the optional fixed-power 22x eyepiece with built-in MIL reticle ($575) for shooting and range finding.

Studio photo of a Vortex tripod.

We paired this scope with a Vortex Radian Carbon tripod with ball head ($1,300). Each carbon-fiber leg has four sections for a wide range of height adjustment, and the large tension control knob makes precise adjustments easy. It’s compatible with any Arca-Swiss rail mount, such as the one built into our spotting scope or M-LOK-to-Arca rail adapters for rifles.

A spotting scope mounted to a tripod in the pros and cons of optics article.

Make & Model: Vortex – Razor HD 27-60x85mm

MSRP: $2,400

URL: vortexoptics.com

Pros:

  • Huge objective lens offers image quality and low-light performance that can’t be matched by most riflescopes and binos.
  • Powerful magnification up to 60x with standard eyepiece
  • Tripod support and angled design make it stable and comfortable enough to use for hours at a time.
  • With the addition of a reticle, it can be used to observe, estimate range, and communicate precise corrections to a shooter using the same measurements as their riflescope.

Cons:

  • Though it can be handheld, it’s intended for use with a tripod that must be purchased separately and carried along with the scope.
  • Limited portability — best suited for static observation
  • Models with reticles are often substantially more expensive and may eliminate zoom functionality.
  • Large, high-quality glass comes at a substantial cost.

Monocular / Laser Rangefinder

It’s only 200 yards to that ridgeline over there. Once you get there, you should be able to see the rest of your route. Or is it 600 yards? Mental range estimation is a trained skill — one that requires substantial and routine training to do with any kind of consistent accuracy. Whether you’re ranging an animal in order to feed your family, a terrain feature you need to reach for a link-up, or even figure out how far away from your house an angry mob is, range finders are useful in a wide variety of situations that go far beyond shooting.

Photo of a Vortex monocular pared with a Vortex folding knife.

The amount of time you have to react to a potential threat is directly proportional to how far away it is from you. Do you really want to guesstimate how much reaction time you have? Range finders all work on the same principle: they send a beam of light (usually in the infrared spectrum) out to a point and measure the time it takes for that light to reflect back. Because the onboard computer is literally measuring the speed of light, accurate range readings are almost instantaneous. Depending on features, housing quality, maximum range, and glass quality, range finders can be found all along the price spectrum, from sub-$20 to several thousand.

Photo of the storage pouch for the Vortex monocular as part of the pros and cons of optics article.

Vortex rangefinders are available at various price points in several formats. We’ve used this Vortex Viper HD 3000 on many trips for tasks including search-and-rescue drills and precision shooting. Its 7x25mm monocular design fits easily into a standard pocket on a pair of jeans, but it’s still capable of accurately ranging a deer at up to 2,000 yards. The illuminated reticle is easy to see, even in full sunlight, and the glass quality is quite good despite the small objective lens. Alternatively, Vortex offers range-finding binoculars as well as a rail-mounted range finder with built-in ballistic calculator specifically for long-range shooting. It should be noted that weather conditions like rain, dust, or fog can impede the capability of range finders. But most units fit in the palm of your hand and weigh less than a pound, making a range finder an easy tool to build into any kit or bug-out bag without sacrificing large amounts of load carriage.

Photo of the Vortex monocular for optical enhancements

Make & Model: Vortex – Viper HD 3000 7x25mm

MSRP: $600

URL: vortexoptics.com

Pros:

  • Monoculars are much lighter and more compact than traditional binos. Many even have pocket clips for on-body carry.
  • Offers a moderate level of magnification for general-purpose observation
  • Instantly gauges the distance to a target, making it easier to shoot, draw terrain maps, or estimate travel time
  • One of the most versatile optic types. It’s useful for a wide variety of professions and hobbies — even golfing.

Cons:

  • Learning all the target modes, ranging modes, and various settings takes some practice.
  • May not provide accurate readings through glass and will be adversely affected by weather conditions such as rain or fog.
  • If you only need an observation tool with the clearest possible image, your money may be better spent on a non-range-finding monocular or binos.

Analog Night Vision

Over the last several years, night vision has become exponentially more popular with both the shooting and preparedness communities. It offers the ability to enjoy recreational shooting at all hours of the day, train for and respond to threats in the night, and spot danger without the need to give away your own position. We heard it once referred to as “the only superpower you can buy,” and we’re inclined to agree. But, despite the rapid proliferation of this technology into the civilian market over the last couple of years, there are some considerations.

The first is cost. Usually, when a technology becomes more widely available, the price goes down. While night vision has gotten less expensive, it hasn’t gotten cheap. Even the most basic, entry-level, single-tube night vision device with less-than-ideal performance will set you back $1,500 to $2,500 just for the NVD itself. Which brings us to the next consideration: capability.

Photo of a view through analog night vision.

What do you want to do with your night vision? If you want to use it in conjunction with a firearm, you’re going to need at least one, if not several, accessories that are also rather costly. If you want the NVD mounted directly to your weapon, you’ll need a Picatinny rail adapter. If you want to use your NVDs hands-free, independent of your weapon — which is what we would generally recommend — you’ll need a helmet (or specialized headgear), a mounting shroud, and an adjustable mount. Each of those components will run you another several hundred dollars. Then, there’s the ancillaries, like taller optic mounts, or infrared flashlights and aiming lasers. A good IR aiming laser/illuminator can cost another several thousand dollars by itself. You get the picture. 

Photo of an analog night vision system setup on a helmet mounted on a mannequin.

But if you approach it as an investment that is useful in a wide variety of scenarios — most of which don’t require a firearm — then the proverbial juice may be worth the squeeze. The night vision unit shown here is Armasight’s white phosphor BNVDs. These Gen III dual-tube NVDs use Armasight’s Pinnacle Elite tube. It is available as a stand-alone unit, or as part of Armasight’s night vision starter bundle, which also includes a Team Wendy helmet with shroud, Wilcox mount, and a branded OTTE Gear helmet bag — every one of these are top-shelf accessories suitable for professional users. This setup allows us to see clearly in the dark, hands-free, for hours at a time. Whether we’re on a night hike, spot trouble while hunkered down with the lights out, travelling across potentially dangerous terrain while remaining concealed to avoid trouble, or defending a home or business from looters and rioters, this setup will allow us to do it all without the need for any illumination other than a little moonlight.

Photo of analog night vision. This is part of the pros and cons of optical enhancements.

Make & Model: Armasight – BNVD-40 Gen 3 Pinnacle White Phosphor NVG

MSRP: $6,999

URL: armasight.com

Pros:

  • Even the tiniest amount of ambient light can be intensified into a clear, high-contrast image.
  • Unlike digital night vision, there’s no perceptible “lag” in the image, and battery life is dramatically improved.
  • Analog NV technology has matured over decades and proven reliable, so there’s minimal risk of your NVD being made obsolete by a new model in a few years.

Cons:

  • It’s easy to spend $10,000 or more on a high-end set of NVGs, and even an entry-level NV monocular can set you back thousands of dollars.
  • Every analog image intensifier tube is different, resulting in a wide range of performance variations. You’ll need to do some research to ensure you spend your money wisely — we recommend starting with our deep dive into this topic in Issue 43.

Digital Night Vision

Digital night vision devices use digital sensors to amplify available light and create a visible image. These components convert low-light scenes into clear, full-color images, and can augment them with digital zoom and image enhancements. Built-in IR illuminators emit infrared light, which is invisible to the naked eye but can be detected by the night vision device. This feature enhances visibility in complete darkness, allowing users to see clearly without any ambient light. The quality of the display, often an LCD or OLED screen, affects the clarity and detail of the image. Higher-resolution displays provide sharper images, making it easier to identify objects and details in low-light conditions.

Photo taken through Sionyx digital night vision

While digital night vision devices significantly enhance visibility in low-light conditions and offer full color capabilities, their image quality and responsiveness is often lower than traditional analog night vision, particularly in entry-level models. Issues such as graininess, noise, and lower resolution can affect the clarity of the image. Latency — a short delay between when the image is captured and displayed on the screen — is also a common issue and may feel disorienting to some users (especially in body-worn applications). Higher-end models offer better performance, but at a higher cost. However, this technology is improving rapidly, and many experts predict that digital NV will completely replace analog NV systems in the future.

The SIONYX Opsin Night Vision Monocular is designed for helmet-mounted nighttime visibility. With a 1920×1080 full HD CMOS sensor, it delivers clear, full-color visuals and has built-in video and audio recording capability. The monocular’s compact and lightweight design, weighing approximately 9 ounces, ensures easy portability for various uses. Its durable housing is water-resistant, rated at IP67, making it suitable for different weather scenarios. The device includes user-friendly controls and a rechargeable battery with up to 14 hours of continuous use. It even has a built-in compass and GPS coordinate tracking to help the user navigate. While its nearly $2,000 price is substantial, it offers impressive capabilities for those requiring a versatile night vision device.

Photo of the Sionyx OPSIN in the pros and cons of optics article.

Make & Model: Sionyx – OPSIN

MSRP: $1,995

URL: sionyx.com

Pros:

  • Low cost compared to analog night vision optics.
  • Consistent performance from one unit to the next — no need to carefully analyze tube specs or worry about distracting blemishes.
  • Offers a detailed color image, rather than monochrome.
  • Has the ability to record video, audio, and geo-tagged location, enabling users to document everything they observe.

Cons:

  • Digital NV is developing very rapidly, so you’ll need to upgrade or swap frequently if you want to stay on the cutting edge.
  • Unlike analog NV, digital still has a perceptible lag or latency that’s especially noticeable when moving quickly or tracking moving objects.
  • Some users might find the digital controls and features complex to master initially.
  • User will have to wait while it charges, unless extra battery packs are purchased.

Thermal

While night vision can amplify traces of existing light, thermal optics allow us to see heat energy that would otherwise be completely invisible. This type of optic feels like a superpower, whether it’s being used by a police helicopter to track a fleeing suspect or a hunter to watch prey in total darkness. Thermals are also becoming an increasingly large factor in warfare, since they make it possible to spot enemy troops from hundreds of yards, even through dense foliage and without a flicker of movement. From a more practical perspective, a handheld thermal optic can be used to find a lost pet, identify predators or rodent pests on your property, or even to spot moisture intrusion from a leaky pipe or roof.

Photo of a pulsar thermal optic.

As an example of this category, Pulsar sent us their high-end Axion 2 LRF XG35, which integrates a laser range finder and thermal optic into a magnesium alloy monocular housing. The 640×480 12-micron sensor produces incredibly clear and vivid images on the high-contrast AMOLED display. Its laser range finder can measure out to 1,000 meters within an accuracy of a single meter.

Photo of a view through a thermal optic.

Unlike thermals from the old days, it won’t burn through batteries in an hour or two — the included APS5 rechargeable battery provides up to 11 hours of runtime on a single charge and can be removed and swapped out in seconds. The Axion 2 also offers 8x digital zoom for a magnification range of 2.5x all the way to 20x, eight color palettes with fine-tuning adjustments, and pairs with an Android or iOS smartphone app for real-time viewing and video/image downloads. It even comes with 16 gigabytes of free cloud storage to ensure you can easily access recordings from anywhere.

Photo of a pulsar thermal optic.

Make & Model: Pulsar – Axion 2 LRF XG35

MSRP: $3,400

URL: pulsarnv.com

Pros:

  • Day or night, there’s no faster way to locate a warm-blooded creature.
  • Unlike visible light, heat signatures are easy to see even if the target isn’t moving and/or is camouflaged against the background.
  • Powerful search-and-rescue tool, whether you’re looking for a person, an animal, or traces of recent activity (e.g., a hot engine block in a vehicle)
  • Built-in features like photo and video recording and range finding make this a versatile tool for observation or evidence-gathering.

Cons:

  • Thermal tech is evolving at an incredible rate. Buy wisely, or you might spend thousands on a device that feels obsolete in a few years.
  • Available in a variety of mounting styles: handheld, dedicated weapon-mounted, and clip-on (see Issue 59 for details on each). You’ll need to carefully consider the best type for your needs before committing to any of these.
  • Modern batteries have come a long way, but these optics still guzzle electricity. Always bring a spare battery or USB power bank.

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Steelhead Outdoors: Scout 25 Review

Everyone knows that keeping your firearms secure is a wise thing to do, but what does “secure” actually mean? If you ask some anti-gun politician, they’ll tell you that no gun is truly secure unless it’s unloaded, disassembled into small pieces, and locked in a vault so secure that opening it requires a procedure similar to a nuclear missile launch authorization. But here in the real world, secure simply means readily accessible to those who should access it and inaccessible to those who shouldn’t. Under normal circumstances, this may mean preventing your young kids from having unsupervised access to your guns; in extreme cases, it can be used as a safeguard against intruders entering your home by force. As with all security measures, you need to start with a realistic threat assessment before spending money on hardware.

Gun Safe vs. Gun Cabinet

Many gun owners assume that a gun safe is the only answer to this question, but that’s not always the case. Gun cabinets or lockers are also an option worth considering.

A proper gun safe will generally be constructed from thick, hardened steel with security features intended to keep determined thieves out. Of course, someone with power tools and/or sophisticated knowledge may be able to breach it, but this should take a lot of time and effort. Gun safes can also safeguard the contents against fire damage. But the trade-off for all this protection is significant weight, bulk, and cost.

On the other hand, a gun cabinet offers a lower level of protection in exchange for significantly lighter weight, convenient installation, and a more affordable price point. If, rather than criminal masterminds, you’re mostly concerned with keeping your guns out of reach from your kids or houseguests (e.g., the babysitter or cable guy), a gun cabinet may be the right choice for you. It’s perfect for “keeping honest people honest,” as the old adage says. Vintage decorative gun cabinets were made from ornate wood and glass with a keyed lock, while more modern options use stamped sheet metal and an electronic combination lock.

Some of the additional advantages of a gun cabinet include increased internal space due to thinner single-layer walls and dramatically improved portability. If you rent a home or live in an apartment, you may not want to install a 300- to 500-pound gun safe that you’ll just have to move in a year or two, but a cabinet can be disassembled and transported in a matter of minutes.

the Steelhead logo riveted on to the gun cabinet.

Made in the USA is scribed on to the Steelhead Outdoors Scout 25 gun cabinet door.

Above: Steelhead calls this color “Badlands Brown,” and I like it much better than the generic gray finish of most other manufacturers’ cabinets. The bolted-on logo is also a nice touch.

Steelhead Outdoors’ American-Made Cabinets

Recently, I had been searching for a new gun cabinet to house some of my ever-growing collection of firearms — I’m sure many of you can sympathize. While it’s possible to find a cheap metal cabinet on Amazon or at your local hardware store, I wanted a high-quality cabinet that’s not just a box of flat-packed panels from China. I also didn’t want to deal with the frustrations of misshapen brackets, incorrectly drilled holes, and missing hardware that usually goes hand-in-hand with those cheaper options. This led me to Steelhead Outdoors, a company founded by two engineers and outdoor enthusiasts in 2016. Steelhead designs and manufactures all its products in Minnesota and offers everything from huge custom-built safes to small pistol lock boxes. Their products come with clear, well-written assembly instructions (not machine-translated gibberish) and are designed to be put together with ease by two people.

The Steelhead Outdoors Scout 25 in its separately packaged boxes.

Above: The Scout 25 arrives in four boxes, making it easier to move into position and less costly than one large box.

The Scout 25 is a modular gun cabinet that measures 25 inches wide by 60 inches tall and 15 inches deep. That’s enough for nine long-guns plus an included full-width adjustable shelf for handguns, ammo, accessories, and other gear. The inside of the door also features two removable grid panels that can hold MOLLE-compatible accessories such as pistol holsters, magazine pouches, medical gear, tool kits, suppressors, and much more.

One significant advantage of the Scout cabinet is its ease of transport, both before and after assembly. The cabinet arrives in four boxes, with the heaviest weighing only 60 pounds. This keeps shipping cost at a reasonable $150, much less than you’d spend on a fully assembled safe or cabinet. It’s assembled using basic hand tools, and can be done solo, though a few steps are easier with an extra pair of hands. Total weight of the finished cabinet is 175 pounds. MSRP is $1,600.

An adult male assembling the gun cabinet.

Above: Assembly begins with loosely connecting the sides and back panel to the base.

Security Features

Although the Scout 25 is a gun cabinet, some of its features are more reminiscent of a safe. Rather than a single-point latch or two-point lock bar that could easily be pried apart, it uses a patent-pending vertical beam with eight locking points on the inside edge of the door. This ensures that the entirety of the door clamps shut tightly without easily exploited weak areas. Although it does have external door hinges to allow 180-degree opening, those hinges are protected by internal, inaccessible hardware and four welded dead bolts that keep that side of the door just as secure as the latch side.

Assembling the Steelhead Outdoors Scout 25 with a power screwdriver.

Above: A powered driver can make installing the 40 bolts much quicker but be very careful not to cross-thread or over-tighten any of them.

Anchoring the safe to the wall or floor is required, both for tip-resistance and to ensure potential thieves can’t just carry away the entire cabinet. All necessary anchoring hardware is included with the Scout 25. For concrete floors, you’ll need a hammer drill or impact driver, but, for wood floors or drywall/stud applications, a standard drill is OK.

Steelhead uses Sargent & Greenleaf (S&G) Spartan electronic locks on its cabinets and safes, a type of lock used for applications such as small ATMs. It features a motor-driven locking mechanism, and S&G even says it has been tested to remain functional in the event of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The Spartan lock uses a six-digit, user-programmable combination which unlocks the manual latch handle beneath it.

A view of the cabinet without the door installed.

An adult male installing the door on a Steelhead Outdoors Scout 25 gun cabinet.

Above: Once the cabinet is assembled and squared up, the door can be positioned and bolted on. A second pair of hands is highly recommended for this step.

A notice that comes with each cabinet explains a master reset code is kept on file for each customer by default, with unique ID data and a decoder kept off site in two separate locations. This allows Steelhead to help if you lose or forget your safe’s combination. However, for customers who wish to opt out of records retention, Steelhead will destroy the master reset code upon request, as long as the customer acknowledges losing the combination after that point will mean calling a locksmith to drill into the safe. I appreciate this level of transparency and openness to user security preferences.

Someone programing the passcode on the door of the gun cabinet.

Above: The S&G Spartan digital lock can be programmed with a six-digit combination of your choice. Steelhead will even destroy their records of the master reset code if you request it.

Building the Cabinet

I began by unwrapping and inspecting all the components in my garage. No matter how well Steelhead packs them, shipping carriers tend to smash boxes and damage contents, so it’s always a good idea to check for bent panels before you find out the hard way while putting it together. Thankfully, everything looked OK.

The only tools required are a ¼-inch drive ratchet, extension, and 7/16-inch shallow socket. Steelhead says that 70 in-lb is the appropriate torque spec and warns against the use of power tools or large wrenches. Keeping this in mind, I still used a ¼-inch hex driver on the lowest power setting for the sake of convenience, being extremely careful not to cross-thread or over-tighten any of the 40 bolts. Always start bolts by hand and apply final torque with an appropriate ratchet or torque wrench to avoid damaging the cabinet.

Testing the door of the Steelhead Outdoors Scout 25 gun cabinet.

Above: Unlike other cabinets that have only one or two lock engagement points, the Scout has eight along the edge of the door, plus four internal tabs that protect the hinge side against prying.

Assembly is simple, starting by loosely bolting together the bottom panel and left side panel, then the back, right side, and top. It’s much easier if someone can help you by holding the panel as you insert bolts with washers, but the panels are light enough that it could be done alone in a pinch. Once the five main panels are together, check that all of them fit tightly without gaps and appear square. Then, tighten the top, bottom, and back panel bolts, followed by the four front-facing bolts.

To install the door, make sure it’s unlocked using the default code and position it in front of the cabinet on top of some of the foam packing blocks. Slowly slide it up to the cabinet at a 90-degree angle, center the four studs on the hinges, and gently tighten the four nuts to hold the door in place. Ensure the door closes smoothly without any misalignment — mine barely grazed one edge of the cabinet, so I loosened and repositioned it before applying final torque to the hinge nuts.

Fully assembled gun cabinet.

Steelhead Outdoors Info

URL: steelheadoutdoors.com

Lastly, I installed the included shelf, which slides into a pair of slotted tracks just like any industrial shelving. It’s at the perfect height for a Savior Equipment pistol rack at the top of the cabinet, even with a suppressed 18-inch rifle in the long-gun rack below it. I also bolted the two gear panels to the inside of the door, which can be used to organize additional gear in the future.

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Hammerli Force B1 Review

When it comes to the world of firearms, the .22 LR is a top contender for the title of “most versatile.” So it’s always exciting when firearms manufacturers find an innovative way to put a new spin on this time-tested caliber. During SHOT Show 2024, the Hammerli Force B1 bolt-action rifle was unveiled for the first time, and we were eager to get our hands on one to see how it stood up to scrutiny. We took one for a test drive, and the results were impressive.

Hammerli Arms began as a Swiss firearms manufacturer established in 1863 by Johann Ulrich Hammerli. The brand has a rich history of producing high-quality firearms for hunting and sports. Initially recognized for their precision craftsmanship in rifles and shotguns, the company later shifted focus to target pistols, gaining significant acclaim in competitive shooting, particularly in the Olympics. Over the years, Hammerli Arms has continually evolved, maintaining its reputation for precision and excellence, and earning respect within the shooting community for its innovative designs and consistent performance.

Studio photo, profile view of the Hammerly Force B1.

Above: Out of the box, the Force B1 is an impressive .22 rifle, and adding a quality optic to the Picatinny rail makes it even more so.

Design and Build

The Force B1 features a quick-change barrel system that allows for seamless transitions between different calibers, notably .22 LR and .22 WMR. This adaptability is crucial for users who might want to switch quickly between hunting small game and target shooting. Built into the design is an adjustable stock, allowing for customization of the length of pull and comb height, and creating a comfortable and precise shooting experience tailored to individual preferences. As any precision shooter understands, getting comfortable and relaxed behind a rifle is a large part of maintaining tight groups. Overall length ranges from 35.5 to 37.4 inches, with a weight of 5.75 pounds, making it a manageable option for extended use in the field.

By employing a toggle-style straight-pull bolt action, the Force B1 is capable of surprisingly rapid follow-up shots. The rifle’s barrel is threaded, ready for various muzzle devices and suppressors. One interesting feature is the rifle’s ability to use Ruger rotary-style magazines, known for their reliability. This integration ensures smooth feeding and operation, critical for maintaining performance under diverse conditions.

Equipped with a Picatinny optic rail, the Force B1 facilitates easy mounting of various optics for improved accuracy. The rifle is also compatible with common Ruger 10/22 style trigger groups, allowing users to customize their trigger setup to match their shooting style. Additionally, the rifle’s adaptable magwell and threaded barrel expand its functionality, enabling users to tailor their firearm to specific needs and preferences.

Photo of the Force B1 lying on a firing bench.

Above: The standard Ruger-style magazine holds 10 rounds, but there are plenty of 15- and 25-round mag options on the market as well.

First Impressions

Upon unboxing the Hammerli Force B1, the first thing that stands out is its sleek and sturdy build. The rifle’s ergonomic design, featuring an adjustable stock, allowed an immediate solution for a comfortable fit. The quick-change barrel system is a notable feature, promising easy transitions between calibers, which is a significant advantage for those who engage in both hunting and target shooting.

The toggle-style straight-pull bolt action feels smooth and precise, enhancing the rifle’s overall handling. Its Picatinny optic rail offers ample customization options, allowing for various scopes and sights to be easily mounted, from lightweight micro red dots to larger magnified optics. Handling the rifle, the weight distribution feels balanced, and the overall weight of 5.75 pounds is manageable, even for extended periods. Incorporating a Ruger rotary-style magazine and trigger assembly makes the rifle compatible with proven and widely used components, rather than requiring buyers to wait for the aftermarket to catch up with a new design. It also helps ensure reliability, since these components have already been in use for decades.

Every component of the Hammerli Force B1 seems thoughtfully designed. If there was something to critique, it may be that it takes a little practice to remove the magazine quickly — but I’d still say it’s noticeably easier than the Ruger 10/22 that uses the same mags. Also, the adjustable stock can be removed completely if you’re trying to adjust it too quickly. But overall, my first impression of the Force B1 is highly positive.

The hammerli force b1 with the stock extended.

Above: The barrel is threaded to attach your suppressor of choice, and the adjustable stock adapts to a wide variety of users.

Range Performance

Before taking it to the range, I fitted it with an optic capable of really driving those tiny rounds home with precision. Riton’s 3 Primal 3-12×56 fit the bill. Its 56mm objective lens and 3-12x magnification provides a clear and bright image in a wide range of ambient lighting conditions. The scope is equipped with Riton’s advanced R3 reticle, fully multi-coated lenses, and has durable construction. It’s also waterproof, fog proof, and shockproof, making it suitable for various environments. With this optic, the Force B1 becomes a formidable varmint-slayer and range plinker.

Starting with the .22 LR barrel, the rifle performed exceptionally well. The straight-pull bolt action was not only smooth and responsive, but it was also a fun way to pull off rapid follow-up shots with minimal effort. Unlike a traditional bolt action, this doesn’t require two separate movements (up and back) to eject a spent case — just pull straight back and then press forward to chamber another round. This mechanism’s quiet operation was also a pleasant surprise, making it ideal for hunters needing to maintain stealth in the field or shooters who are pursuing the quietest possible rimfire suppressor host. The Ruger rotary-style magazine fed flawlessly, providing consistent and reliable performance throughout every range session.

Photo of the Force B1 magazine well.

Above: The magwell fits Ruger-style magazines, which is good news if you already own a 10/22 (as so many of us do).

Accuracy was impressive across various distances. At 50 yards, the rifle consistently held a tight shot group, and even at 100 yards, it maintained excellent precision. The adjustable stock and comfortable grip played a significant role in achieving these results, providing a stable platform I could get comfortable behind.

Overall, the Hammerli Force B1 easily met my expectations at the range. Its adaptability, smooth operation, and consistent accuracy make it a standout rimfire rifle for a variety of scenarios. The straight-pull bolt action enabled swift follow-up shots, putting a smile on my face each time I felt its click-clack and nailed a target in rapid succession.

View looking down the length of the Riton 3 Primal scope.

Above: Riton’s 3 Primal scope has turrets that are easy to adjust on the fly.

Pros and Cons

Although it’s hard to find fault with the Forcec B1, I could argue that there are a few sticking points. The main one being its price, which is much higher than what you’d typically find a .22 LR bolt gun being sold for. However, to me, this is a moot point, since its price reflects the quality, heritage of the brand, and most importantly the complex design of its action. As the adage goes, you get what you pay for. Some people may also find the weight on the higher side, but again, to me, having quality components is worth a few extra ounces. Its ability to switch between calibers, adjust its stock to the shooter, and reload with quiet precision make this a notable and worthy addition to the world of rimfire rifles.

Pros:

  • Adaptability: The quick-change barrel system and adaptable magwell make the Force B1 highly versatile.
  • Ergonomics: Adjustable stock ensures a comfortable fit for various shooters.
  • Quiet Operation: The straight-pull bolt action operates quietly, ideal for stealthy hunting.

Cons:

  • Price: At an MSRP of $649, it’s substantially more expensive than your average Ruger or Savage .22 bolt gun.
  • Weight: While manageable, the 5.75-pound weight could be a consideration for extended field use.
  • Mechanical Complexity: I didn’t experience any malfunctions at all during testing, but it’ll require a little extra diligence to keep the moving parts in this action clean and lubricated.

Photo of the Hammerli Force B1 at the range.

Above: With the 3 Primal dialed up to 12x magnification, tight groupings at out to 100 yards are a walk in the park. Sliding the action back and forth is just as satisfying as it looks.

Gear and Technical Specs

  • Caliber: .22 LR
  • Finish: Black, Wood Classic Brown, Wood Antique Gray, Wood Sports Gray, Walnut HQ3 Brown
  • Barrel Length: 16.1 inches
  • Overall Length: 35.5 to 37.4 inches
  • Capacity: 10 rounds
  • Weight: 5.75 pounds
  • Optic: Riton 3 Primal 3-12×56 ($520)
  • Eye Pro: Warbird Deep State ($159)
  • MSRP: $649 to $999
  • URL: Hammerliarms.com

Hammerli Force B1 charging handle.

Above: Using the straight-pull bolt action makes for fast and fun follow-up shots.

Conclusion

Hammerli’s Force B1 stands out as a top-shelf option for those seeking a versatile, precise, and adaptable rimfire rifle. Its innovative design, combined with Hammerli’s long history of quality and performance, makes it a formidable choice for both hunters and target shooters. Despite its higher price point, the features and toggle action it offers justify the investment for serious enthusiasts.

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Editor's Note: This article has been modified from its original print version for the web.


The “Speed Ball” – A Pack Loaded for a Serious Fight

While the term has a very different connotation to recreational drug users, in the Special Forces world, a speed ball refers to a small stash of essential fighting gear that can be quickly accessed during a protracted fight. Depending on scale, they can take the form of a bag, box, or cargo pallet, but the goal is to keep the load down to the bare necessities to get through the mission. In military context, the normal ingredients include food, water, ammunition, extra grenades, or other combat sundries.

This gave us the idea to explore what the speed ball concept might look like for a prepared citizen. Assuming a baseline EDC of flashlight, knife, pistol, and an on-body IFAK or med kit, what would you need in a hurry if the situation around you deteriorated suddenly? Let’s assume a scenario similar to what several major cities experienced during the height of COVID lockdowns: a spontaneous bout of civil unrest or premeditated “mostly peaceful protest” that turns not-so-peaceful.

You might be required to travel through the area of unrest in order to get home to your family or be sitting on the couch watching TV when the angry mob moves into your neighborhood. Or you might be a small business owner looking to protect your storefront from looting. Regardless of your particular situation, we still remember watching mayors and police chiefs going on national television to warn people that “help isn’t coming,” and people calling 9-1-1 only to be put on hold. These events fall squarely into nightmare scenario territory for people who just want to be left alone.

Studio photo of a plate carrier with a bunch of accessories, and a firearm.

Above: The unobtrusive-looking backpack contains this rifle, armor, chest rig, night vision, and medical gear with room to spare.

As we’ve said before and will continue to say with vigor, your personal safety (and that of your loved ones) is ultimately your responsibility in a crisis. With this in mind, we set out to build our own speed ball to explore what a fast-access self-defense loadout might look like for us. We took three major factors into consideration: the ability to scale, the ability to protect ourselves, and the ability to defend against predators who — by design or opportunity — might seek to make victims of innocent bystanders under the cloak of chaos.

We started with a 5.11 LV Covert Carry pack. This 45L backpack was designed by 5.11 to be unobtrusive and not scream “I have a gun!” It doesn’t sport any MOLLE webbing and isn’t produced in any standard tactical colors — no coyote tan or OD green versions available. Only black and two different shades of blue.

Rifle

The Covert Carry has three compartments of varying sizes; the largest one includes dividers and straps to secure a broken-down AR-style rifle. Even our 11.5-inch SBR had to be separated into halves to fit in this bag. That rifle is built on an ambidextrous UIC receiver set from American Defense Manufacturing. We outfitted it with a Primary Arms PLx Compact 1-8x scope with offset Holosun red dot, both of which ride on a Scalarworks mount that has mounting points for both optics.

The stainless steel Rosco K9 barrel is tipped with a Cobalt RCB-KM muzzle device that’ll accept any suppressor with a KeyMo-style quick-release mount. A Cloud Defensive REIN 3.0 weapon light is also on-board, since many bad actors prefer the cover of darkness. The third-gen REIN is dual-fuel capable, so it’ll run on either a rechargeable 18650 cell or two CR123 batteries. The 18650 offers better output, but we packed some spare CR123s in the bag in case we don’t have the ability to recharge.

Studio photo of a modified rifle.

Above: This custom-built SBR features an ADM billet receiver set, 11.5-inch Rosco barrel, and Primary Arms LPVO with offset red dot.

Plate Carrier

The middle compartment includes a laptop sleeve for those who want to use this bag in a more administrative role. The laptop sleeve was stitched with two sets of seams — one to create the pocket and another parallel set that narrows the sleeve to make a snug fit for common laptop sizes. We sliced open these inner seams to use the sleeve at max width, which was just the right size for a medium plate carrier loaded with Level IV plates. The carrier is a Defense Mechanisms MEPC.

The Mission Essential Plate carrier is low profile and highly scalable. The front-and-back loop panels let you use just about any compatible cummerbund, but we chose DM’s own quick-release version with Tactik buckles that lock securely and release with a quick forward tug. There are no hard-sewn mag pouches, allowing you to run the carrier “slick” and hide it underneath a hoodie or light jacket if you only want armor protection without any load bearing. But the front plate bag also has loops for female buckles in case you want to attach a placard with more gear on it.

The middle compartment has just enough room for the MEPC itself, plus a detached placard. We went with a MOLLE placard from Dynamic Principles, which has female Tactik buckles so you can hook the cummerbund direct to the edges of the placard and keep your load snug against the plate carrier. It also includes a kangaroo pouch for magazine inserts, and an elastic sleeve on the bottom edge for a tourniquet. The kangaroo pouch has an insert that accepts two AR mags and two pistol mags.

We built out the MOLLE front with a 5.11 Flex IFAK and a general-purpose pouch from Arbor Arms. The GP is loaded with a Crye Precision Night Cap, Wilcox G24 mount, and an Armasight PVS-14. The Night Cap is a mesh soft cap with Wilcox-style shroud that will support NODs; it can be balled up and stuffed into a pouch or cargo pocket when not in use.

Ammo & Accessories

The PMAGs in the chest rig are retrofitted with +5 baseplates from Shield Arms. In addition to the extra ammo capacity, the extra weight will help these mags fall free faster in the event of an emergency reload. To ensure reliable feeding with the elongated mag bodies, we swapped the stock springs with +15 percent extra strength springs from MCARBO. Since the author’s EDC pistol is a Staccato C2, two full-sized 17-round 2011 magazines went into the pistol pockets, capped with anti-over-insertion basepads from Dawson Precision.

The shorter grip of the C2 allows full-size mags to be over-inserted, which can damage the ejector and induce malfunctions. Finally, we clipped a Stroup Knives Mini 2 fixed blade to the edge of the placard.

The front pouch is the smallest of the three and includes a small panel of MOLLE webbing to mount pouches inside the compartment. This was just enough real estate to mount a pouch for our Witt Machine & Tool MOD1 suppressor and a single Esstac KYWI pouch for one more 30-round PMAG. We sacrificed a third extended baseplate to keep the mag short enough to fit inside the compartment when zipped up but did make the extra power spring swap. This is advisable for mags that you plan to set-and-forget for extended periods of time. This is also where we keep the spare CR123s and a burn-proof mitt to handle a hot suppressor.

Photo of a 5.11 backpack filled with tactical gear.

A note on ammunition: buying ammo for duty or defensive use should be a well-informed, analytical process. In a pinch, you can absolutely press your range practice ammo into service and be effective. But the amount of technology and testing that has gone into defense ammunition design over the last decade is immense, with loads tailored for all kinds of applications from barrier defeat to limited penetration to long-range precision. Take advantage of this science.

It won’t be cheap, with premium ammo often running more than $1 per round, but in a case like this where you’re only looking at $150 total, plus an extra box or two to zero your weapons, it’s a small price to pay for both peace of mind and competitive advantage when your life is on the line.

For both rifle and pistol, we chose loads from Black Hills. In 9mm, we went with a 115-grain TAC-XP projectile loaded to 1,200 fps out of a 4-inch test barrel, making it a +P load. Since our C2 sports a 3.9-inch barrel, we expect to get most of the advertised velocity out of it. Depending on your carry gun and level of skill, +P ammo may not be for everyone since the higher velocity and chamber pressure usually equates more felt recoil. But our carry gun is also fitted with a compensator.

In our experience, pistol comps function more effectively with +P ammo since the increased muzzle pressure pushes the comp to work at full potential. Since our Rosco K9 barrel has a NATO-spec 5.56mm chamber, we chose a 5.56mm spec rifle load — a 62-grain solid copper Dual Performance load. As the name implies, the Dual Performance projectile is meant to strike a happy medium between expansion in soft tissue and consistent performance against intermediate barriers.

Photo of a 5.11 backpack for the Speed Ball plate carrier setup.

Pack Info

  • Make and Model: 5.11 Tactical LV Covert Carry Pack
  • Capacity: 45L
  • MSRP: $170
  • URL: 511tactical.com

Firepower, To Go

If you gear up with everything in the bag, you’ll have 100 rounds of carbine ammo and 50 rounds of pistol ammo (two 17-round mags on the placard, plus a flush-fit 16-round mag in the gun as carried), a knife, second med kit, and night vision. We deliberately avoided using a dangler or hanging pouch on the plate carrier since we carry appendix and wanted to minimize any obstacle to a concealed draw while wearing armor. With a focus on urban defense, we did not include long-term sustainment like food or water in this bag. But we also had a little bit of room left over and could absolutely have fit a couple water bottles or meal bars in if we’d wanted to. As always, your mileage may vary, so always pack to your needs — not ours.

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Book Review: The Way is in Training

In physical form, The Way is in Training is a large book, measuring 11 inches tall and 1-inch thick. Outwardly, it looks more like a technical manual than a book designed to guide aspects of your self-defense proficiency, and that’s likely by design. Once you open the cover, the size of the font and the spacing in paragraphs is also remarkably generous. All of these factors are not a mistake. They are designed for a specific purpose: to make the material as digestible as possible. As a U.S. Army Special Forces combat veteran, former nationally ranked martial arts competitor, and former operational supervisor for a major metropolitan SWAT team, Matthew Little is no stranger to passing along knowledge about firearms, tactics, and combatives. What he’s put together is a bite-sized manual to address parts of life along with how those actions apply to competition shooting and the profession of arms.

The 411

This book is an enjoyable read in its format and holistic approach. There’s something to be learned for anyone. He delves into physical training techniques, nutrition for an individual and their goals, shooting drills related to competition and carrying a firearm for work, and many other topics. Whether you sit down and read in large chunks or small snippets as a busy life allows, The Way is in Training can improve your defensive capabilities.

“Books” one and two are mind and body. Each book is similar to a chapter, with subsections under each for easy reference as you go along or in the future. These first two books prepare you for the rest of the baseline knowledge you’ll need as you continue reading. As Little says, “I don’t get PTSD, I give it. I’m the carrier.” The right mental and physical state you’ll need to understand is of fundamental importance for the rest of the book to be valid. Delving into topics such as time pressure, emotion and will, and acceptance appear in later material regarding mental preparedness. On the physical side, issues Little deeply understands, such as needs analysis, durability, and longevity are addressed. Without giving anything away, Little has endured a series of events that would’ve crushed lesser men.

Books three through five have to do with applying tools and training. This is the meat of the material and includes everything from shooting drills, close contact shooting and grappling tips, and the proper selection of tools for a given mission set. A recurring theme to pay attention to throughout your reading is data usage. Little wisely quotes Thomas Harris saying, “Technique is the religion of the dangerous trades.” Regarding performance-based outcomes, Little demonstrates a deep understanding and a passion for the data used to achieve success as much as the outcome. The application becomes paramount in these three books, and readers will see the fruits of preparing their bodies and minds. Little lays a simple groundwork for success and gives enough information to start that journey.

Book six is reflective and deeply important to the other five. Little quotes Robert Heinlein: “A generation who ignores history has no past — and no future.” Books like this are rare. It is imperative not to forget where we have come from as a people and nation. Little understands that fundamentally, and it’s pervasive throughout his writing. This book is a labor of blood, sweat, tears, and, most importantly, love. On these pages, he poured everything he has for readers to use as they will.

The Verdict

There’s been a resurgence in the desire to read more often and to read works that are more than simple fiction. If you’re someone looking for easily applicable self-improvement tips with an emphasis on preparedness, this book is a great fit. For those in a profession of arms especially, this should be required reading. Gone are the days when men and women must constantly sacrifice their mental and physical well-being for a cause day in and day out. Little lays a solid groundwork for still doing the job at a high level and walking away — rather than wheeling out — at the end of your day. This book is best read when you have time to appreciate small bites of the material at a time and to reflect on them personally after.

Little is still imparting wisdom and experience through his training company Greybeard Actual. He continues to host classes nationwide in firearms and tactics, which can be found on his website. He’s also got a solid YouTube channel with various firearms information, drills, and competition videos that are worth your time.

Making time in the day is difficult in the modern world. When you can squeeze in a few minutes, The Way is in Training demands your attention. It will be worth its weight in paper, which is not light, and you will be better for applying its wisdom.

Featured image of the book, The Way is in Training.

About the Book

  • Book & Author: The Way is in Training, By Matthew Little
  • Publisher: Independent
  • MSRP: $12 Paperback (Amazon)
  • URL: amazon.com
  • Pages: 439
  • Rating: Thrive | Survive | Die

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