Warning: If you’re caught with a metallic or nonmetallic weapon in a non-permissive environment, the consequences may be severe. RECOIL OFFGRID assumes no responsibility for these consequences. Observe all local laws and only carry these weapons at your own risk.
This is the first of a three-part series on Spyware. Not the kind that infects your computer, but the type of hardware a spy might have a need for. Even if you’re not James Bond, these tools can serve as discreet and potent force-multipliers in non-permissive areas where you may not be allowed to carry traditional defensive weapons. You may never need to use one, but if you do, you’ll be glad to have it. Nonmetallic knives are not a new thing.
Mankind’s earliest knives were made of stone such as flint, chert, obsidian, or even heat-treated wood. Many of those materials were still in use by the time man was making tools of copper and bronze because they were so effective. In today’s era of super steels, they’re less common, but there are certain situations where you may need to use a nonmetallic blade.
In this issue, we’re looking at nonmetallic blades made from G10, fiberglass, or another modern thermoplastic. These knives are strictly defensive in nature. You’re not going to baton wood, skin a deer, or scale fish with one. They’re meant to get a defensive weapon into an area where metal may be prohibited.
As we stated up front, carrying these into many of those places would be illegal. Getting caught with one in such a place could result in a simple trespass warning or a federal felony, which will get you jail time. That’s why it’s called a non-permissive environment. Remember, just because it may pass through a metal detector, the same cannot be said of body scanners or physical pat down searches.
One of the most interesting notions about these types of blades is that they can be stored out in the elements without worry of corrosion or breaking down. Some of the more affordable ones could be stuck in a flowerpot on a porch or in the ground on a jogging path and used later for self-defense if needed.
Black Triangle was founded in 2017 to provide low-visibility personal protection assets in semi- or non-permissive environments. All their products are made in the USA. The Black Triangle X2 knife is a black G10 blade with an ergonomic handle that indexes at the pommel for a confident grip when drawing. The X2 comes with a clipped sheath, although an optional static sheath is available. It ships in a plastic video cassette case as a form of retro packaging.
Pros:
The X2 is reasonably well made and has a decent edge for a G10 knife.
Even the sheath is completely free of metallic parts.
The VHS case is a cool and practical way to store this in a collection.
Cons:
It has the typical limitations of a nonmetallic knives, such as dulling during hard use, but that’s to be expected.
The Cold Steel Cruciform Dagger is a one-piece injection-molded Griv Ex defensive spike. It’s very inexpensive, and it can be stored anywhere without worry about corrosion. Cruciform blades date to medieval times and a stab from a metal version would often result in a wound that couldn’t be stitched properly. They became popular as a bayonet pattern in later years. Cold Steel’s take on this classic design appears to be a good one for stabbing soft targets.
Pros:
I almost never weigh price as a pro or con, but it’s hard to beat $6 on a defensive piece.
Testing shows it’s highly effective at stabbing.
Included key ring is a handy way to carry it.
Cons:
It may not stand up to repeated use, as Griv Ex is not as tough as G10.
Aside from defense, it has no utilitarian purpose whatsoever.
Ed Brown is known for custom handguns and parts, but their staff are also big-time knife fans and offer a few blades as collaborative efforts. EB came up with this design with VZ Grips. You’ve probably seen VZ’s G10 blades in other articles; they’re some of the best self-defense-oriented hardware in the category. This dagger is machined from a solid piece of G10 and features a snakeskin texture for superior control in even the most challenging conditions. It’s housed in a handmade leather sheath.
Pros:
This design is extremely well made and has the names of Ed Brown and VZ Grips behind it.
It excels at stabbing and penetrating.
Very reminiscent of an OSS Lapel Dagger from World War II
Cons:
Pretty much just a shiv for stabbing with no pretense of an edge
The Shark Bite was designed by Tactical Defense Institute (TDI) based on a real steel blade. It’s constructed of Ultramid and intended as a last-ditch self-defense tool. Ultramid is a lightweight, synthetic material that provides a sharp and durable edge. It’s impervious to the elements, so you’ll never worry about it rusting, cracking, or warping. The included snap-in sheath is also made of Ultramid, and allows comfortable carry in your pocket, around your neck, on your belt, or even taped to your leg.
Pros:
This is a solid and proven design based on the original TDI blade.
The material excels at stabbing and penetrating but can make for an effective cutter.
It can be sharpened with an emery board or nail file.
Cons:
This model drifts in and out of production, so you may have to acquire one secondhand or solely by opportunity.
Regiment Blades was founded by Al and Nico Salvitti to provide knives that could be used instinctively by Special Forces operators who took their combatives courses without additional specialized blade training. The Low Viz G10 Non-Metallic fixed blade is based on their metal fixed blade. There’s a large finger ring shaped and located like a firearm’s trigger guard, which aids in muscle memory and retention. The scales are held in place via plastic screws and can be removed.
Pros:
It’s well made and mirrors both the company’s steel knives and trainer.
Very instinctive to use if you can throw a punch
Versatile sheath has adjustable tension via 550 paracord
Cons:
It has the typical limitations of a nonmetallic blade and may be prone to blunting the tip if used repeatedly on a semi-hard target.
Revenant Corps is an Oklahoma-based company that specializes in G10 blades and other covert self-defense tools. The Carrion is a chisel-ground, double-edged G10 knife that’s surprisingly good at slicing and cutting. It even has a Tsukomaki-style wrap with a sting ray skin underlay like a Japanese knife. The sheath is a static line/pocket hook nonmetallic type made of Boltaron. A G10 Trainer is available to supplement with active training.
Pros:
The Carrion is a well-thought-out design that mirrors a lot of modern-day combatives training used in the Spec Ops community.
Sting ray skin is a nice touch with a bow to the martial tradition and offers great grip texture.
The sheath is simple yet versatile, giving you multiple carry options.
Cons:
If a nonmetallic blade doesn’t get you in enough trouble, this one is double edged as well.
Shomer-Tec has been providing covert weapons and tools to three-letter agencies for years. One of their first products was the CIA Letter Opener developed in conjunction with knifemaking legend Blackie Collins. Completely nonmetallic and featuring a serrated edge, the CIA Covert Cutter is an update to that classic design. It’s constructed from GV3H from Switzerland, made with 60-percent glass fibers. This results in a hard edge and serrations that are actually usable. This one is often used by EOD techs due to its nonmetallic signature and tough edge.
Pros:
An evolution of a classic design that has been around for decades, with improved features and materials.
The integrated pocket clip and lanyard hole offer multiple carry methods.
Serrations are very effective at cutting.
Cons:
Shomer-Tec is more of a distributor than manufacturer but seems to be the sole source. As such they may be subject to availability.
Reiff Knives hit the scene with a purpose and just raised the bar with two new additions to their ever-popular F4 series featuring a Scandi grind and MagnaCut steel. It looks like good just got a whole lot better. It's safe to say that Reiff Knives has once again outdone themselves.
Reiff Brothers
Born from a family inclined to the great outdoors and a respect for blade cultures, these knives aren’t just tools—they’re a slice of Americana. Crafted with the quality that would make your grandpappy nod in approval, each knife is a testament to American ingenuity and elbow grease. With steel that laughs in the face of wear and tear and handles that fit like a glove.
Ben and Stu Shank have taken a significant risk by starting Reiff Knives. They’re driven by their love for knives and are familiar with American manufacturing startup ventures. They were raised in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia.
They learned essential skills such as shooting, hunting, fishing, and processing game, as well as riding four-wheelers and respecting the land. From a young age, they were taught to use and value knives, helping with tasks such as dressing and butchering game, building forts, starting fires, carving wood, and anything else that required a sharp edge. These robust, rugged knives are easily recognizable by the wolf emblem.
“Knives are part of our family's heritage and are one of humankind's oldest, most essential tools.”-Reiff Knives
The toughness of CPM 3V became evident to the author when he pounded the OG saber ground into an ammo canister and pounded it deep with a piece of hardwood. Zero damage was done!
Original F4 Saber
Two Steels? That’s right, Reiff now offers MagnaCut. Reiff Knives are known for their high-quality materials and excellent craftsmanship. They use CPM 3V steel, known for its edge retention, toughness, and corrosion resistance. The handle scales are made of G10, an excellent option.
Reiff Knives usually come with a saber grind and convex edge, which offers the best of both worlds. The F4 is a full-sized, solid survival/bushcraft wilderness knife with a blade length of 4 inches and a stonewash finish on its 5/32-inch thick spine. It is made from 5/32 inch thick CPM 3V and now MagnaCut stainless super steel.
It’s exceptionally durable and has best-in-class corrosion resistance. The blade has an attractive polished stonewash finish, and the spine is sharp enough to rain sparks from a ferro rod or scrape tinder.
The ergonomic 5-inch handle provides a seamless interface between your hand and the tool. It features textured natural canvas micarta scales that give a soft, natural feel in hand and a sure grip in wet conditions. The F4 is the perfect companion for any bushcraft or survival situation.
Above: The F4 scandi grind effectively split perfectly cut rounds for a small wood stove with just a light baton. The stout scandi grind's extreme thickness increase effortlessly splits wood.
The New Scandi In Town
A scandi bushcraft knife is a highly sought-after tool among bushcraft enthusiasts worldwide. This design features the classic F4 Bushcraft Survival Knife shape with 5/32 inches-thick CPM 3V blade steel.
The knife has a unique 12.5° per side (25° inclusive) proper scandi grind, originating in Scandinavia, and is renowned for its ability to effortlessly glide through animal hides, food, and wood. This grind has a steep, angled primary bevel that extends to the edge, allowing for better control while whittling or carving.
The F4 Scandi Bushcraft Knife has canvas micarta handle scales in four different color options: black, natural, green, and black layered. The black canvas micarta scales provide a ruggedly natural grip and a firm hold in wet conditions. The blade flats are acid-stonewashed, strikingly contrasting the raw satin scandi bevel.
First Impressions
The fit and finish are stellar out of the box. As for the box, few knife companies have nailed the packaging quite like Reiff. The handles are all comfortable, and nobody will complain about the size being dainty. Every edge was hair shaving sharp and evenly ground to perfection. Whether Kydex or leather, the sheaths were perfectly matched to each knife.
Above: During a snowstorm, two Reiff F4s were left in a dead tree to withstand the weather. The MagnaCut (top) version was compared to CPM 3V steel.
Real-World
Right about the time of this review, the Northeast was bracing for 8 inches of snow—a perfect time for the ol neglect test. I stuck the OG 3V and the MagnaCut F4s in a dead maple tree and waited for snow—and snow we got!
A few days later, I removed the blades, put them into their sheaths, and hid them in a hollowed tree to let them stew in the moisture. After a few days, the tale of the tape didn’t lie and showed that the 3V had surface rust on both sides, while the MagnaCut remained unaffected. Fortunately, this did not affect their edge or cutting efficiency, which was good, as there was still much work to be done.
Wood needs to be split in a winter camp. I had several rounds perfectly cut with a bowsaw to fit an Uberleben Stoker stove, and they were all under several inches of snow. As a lightweight hiker, I carried the F4 scandi as my primary tool.
I used a baton to split the oak and maple rounds in half, and some were quartered for smaller kindling. I used the scandi to make several feather sticks and filled the stove with them and dead-standing twigs hung up in trees. I noticed the scandi edge would pop the wood apart easily, and there was no need to beat the blade into the oak stump.
I tested the MagnaCut F4 splitting wood during another outing, just like I did with the Scandi. The saber grind was able to baton through similar hardwood rounds with ease. However, unlike the Scandi's thicker grind, which widens after the edge and has an explosive popping-apart effect, the saber grind did not have the same effect.
Above: The author made a quick, short try stick with two different grinds and steels. The scandi version handled woodwork better but required more control.
Wood Crafting
I practiced making a few try stick variations using the F4s. The first task for the 3V saber was to create a try stick using a green broomstick-thick stick as long as my elbow to my fingertips. I practiced making as many valuable notches as possible using proper knife skills.
Although try sticks can be made at various levels and get super-advanced, I aimed for 10 to 12 notches. The F4 knife was perfect for this task because it had a comfortable handle, sharp blade, and tip, making it easy to craft the try stick.
I alternated between the newbies using the scandi and MagnaCut saber on the next mini-try stick made with hardwood. I made a flathead screwdriver, dovetail, saddle, pot hook, 7-notches, a round reduction, and a point. These are what I use most, and the stick was short.
The MagnaCut saber grind needed more muscle to get through the semi-dry wood. This was when a full fist grip was used for power cuts and a chest-lever grip, which showcased the 5-inch handle and how comfortable it was. Meanwhile, the Scandi aggressively removed material. Therefore, control must be used.
Above: The author wielded the scandi F4 CPM 3V variant comfortably and efficiently. The zero scandi grind made notching for camp craft swift and effortless in a fist grip.
Stake It, Dig It
I have a semi-permanent camp with a trusty old digging stick made from stout maple that started as three feet long and shrunk over the years. After fire prodding and digging, the chisel (shovel-end) must be sharpened every few months.
I enlisted the newer F4s for this simple yet essential task. On seasoned hardwood, the MagnaCut saber sliced away the chisel end in stages, deliberately changing angles.
On the flip side, the scandi made quick work of the chisel end using a fist grip in fewer strokes. Again, the large handle aided in power cuts, even when using winter work gloves. Rounding the top portion of the digging stick that nestles in the palm, the saber grind was more detailed and purposeful in performance.
Making stakes for shelters was another joint effort between the dynamic duo. While they weren’t vampire stakes, I don’t doubt their ability to become so. I prefer to make stakes from dead hardwood. Naturally, green wood is easier to work with. I mostly use deadwood and carve a chisel end instead of a point since they are going in hard, rocky ground.
I add a simple 7-notch, slightly beveling the top striking portion. Often, a baton helps make an excellent cross-grain stop cut when making the 7-notch with any knife in deadwood. Both F4 blades pulled it off like champs, as their 58-62 HRC didn’t chip or roll—period.
Above: The two new F4 variants are excellent for making feather sticks. However, this was due to their grinds rather than steel.
Finesse
Feather sticks are an essential part of wilderness survival skills. They should be fine enough to easily catch a spark from a Ferro rod, an open flame like a match or lighter, or quick-flash tinders like cattail fluff and pampas grass.
Wood is damp and starting to rot during late winter and early fall. I prefer to split wood with a sturdy knife like a Reiff to observe the inside of the wood. However, larger-diameter wood is better left as fuel. Typically,
I split anything up to wrist-thick wood with a knife and break it down into finger, pencil, and matchstick-thick pieces if everything is damp. I used thumb-to-broomstick-thick pieces to make feather sticks using the scandi and saber MagnaCut.
Both worked well. The MagnaCut saber grind on narrow sticks makes fine curls when rotating the stick slightly with every stroke. When the wood is too broad, it was harder to bite into. The scandi always bit deeply, but it requires more control to avoid making the feathers long and wide slivers. However, this has more to do with grind and technique than with 3V and MagnaCut variants.
Above: Leather pants for the Reiff F4 Scandi Knife from JRE Industries and a tough black Kydex sheath for the MagnaCut sibling. Both sheaths have a Ferro rod loop included.
Sheaths
The F4 Scandi knife is currently shipped with a brown leather sheath from JRE Industries. This sheath features a dangler and Firesteel loop, and the blade fits perfectly snugly in the robust leather, making it a durable option for any knife. On the other hand, both saber-ground F4 knives come with a black Kydex sheath with a swivel belt attachment.
This attachment allows the sheath to be easily attached without fussing with the belt. The Kydex sheaths didn't crack or deform when left outdoors in the blustery winter conditions. While testing the F4 Saber grounds, I mixed up the sheaths and realized that it didn't matter as each version fit fine. However, avoiding trying to fit the Scandi version into the Kydex sheath is advised.
Above: Hone instead of sharpen. Use a leather strop, ceramic, or a Wazoo Gear Viking Whetstone.
Staying Keen
Hone—don’t sharpen. If you stick to this rule, you will never feel the hindrance of sharpening 3V or MagnaCut with stones or any other material—never let them get dull.
A leather strop, ceramic, or Arkansas novaculite found in a Wazoo Gear Viking Whetstone will be your friend and keep you from the grind associated with harsh stones and much-needed elbow grease. However, if you nick your Reiff, you may need to take a trip back to the Stone Age—but this is doubtful with a Reiff!
Closing
These heirloom-quality knives are designed to be your lifetime companions in any adventure, from dense backwoods to challenging front lines. Whether you need to carve feather sticks, build a fire, craft camp implements, or field-dress your game—the F4s are up to the task.
Rest assured that these tools come with a lifetime warranty, so you can enjoy using a top-quality, American-made tool without any worries. Get your hands on a Reiff Knife and experience the unparalleled joy of a dependable tool!
A Pocketable Alternative: Reiff Knives F3XC
F3XC The Reiff Knives F3XC stands out from the F4's unique design and compact size. It is perfect for everyday carry and is also a reliable tool for outdoor activities. It has a total length of 6.875 inches, with 3.875 inches in the handle, and a blade length of 2.9 inches with a 2.65-inch cutting edge. The blade features a black Cerakote finish with a spine thickness of about .125 inches. The specially sharpened pommel allows for easy use with a Ferro rod.
The F3XC is Reiff Knives' first knife in the 3-inch range and is designed to withstand extreme conditions. Its overall weight is 5 ounces, with 3.9 ounces for the knife. The F3XC comes with a black Kydex sheath designed for neck carry, making it easy to take with you wherever you go.
The F3XC is practical for everyday use and perfect for outdoor activities. It is a versatile tool that can handle various tasks, making it an essential tool for any adventurer. MSRP is $245.00
Adventurer, writer, photographer, and survival instructor for Randall’s Adventure & Training, Reuben has spent most of his life hiking and backpacking through the wildernesses of the world. He has traveled abroad in extreme environments and seeks out primitive survival techniques, construction, and uses of knives and edged tools. Reuben has published many articles on survival, knife and tool use, and woodcraft. He remains a lifetime student of survival!
“That won’t happen here.” As an advocate of emergency preparedness, this is the single most frustrating statement I hear on a regular basis. Psychologists call this normalcy bias — a tendency to assume that something which hasn’t happened to you in the past will not happen to you in the future. In some cases, normalcy bias is so powerful that it can lead us to believe that things which have happened to us before won’t happen again simply because of the passage of time. Our brains have a natural tendency to fall into these risk assessment traps unless we’re consciously aware of them.
One of the best ways to overcome normalcy bias is to study history. The more we do so, the more we recognize recurring patterns that tell us not only has this happened many times before to people just like me, but it’s also likely to happen again. More importantly, history gives us an account of the events leading up to disasters and the warning signs that we only now recognize with the benefit of hindsight.
In this issue, we examine a controversial topic in a controversial time. Is Balkanization — the fragmentation of a highly diverse region into multiple hostile groups — a real possibility in the United States? This isn’t necessarily a question about civil war, although Balkanization is often a precursor to war. Instead, it’s a matter of gauging how deep the cracks in our society truly are.
Is the division we see in America mostly a matter of sensationalist rhetoric from TV pundits and harmless keyboard warriors on social media? Or could it escalate into irreconcilable rifts between states and regions, and if it did, how would it affect us?
For some valuable historical perspective, we spoke to Selco Begovic, a survival instructor and author who lived through Balkanization, the breakdown of law and order, all-out war, and unspeakable atrocities after the collapse of his home country Yugoslavia. His account paints a picture with some eerie similarities to America today. Additionally, in our What If column, we asked two experts — a former government contractor and a former combat medic — how they would respond if the United States became fragmented.
Elsewhere in this issue, I interviewed former Navy SEAL Rich Graham regarding the importance of well-rounded preparedness, his educated perspective on current events, and the moral principles that keep him grounded. I also flew out to Florida for some intense training with Graham at his 55-acre private facility in the Ocala National Forest and wrote about the lessons I learned there.
Discretion is an important element of preparedness, since you don’t necessarily want to show all your cards to anyone who might be looking. So, I wrote about a training course taught by Ed’s Manifesto and Rogue Methods, which focused on revolvers for deep concealment and close-range self-defense.
Edged weapons specialist Mike Searson reviewed nonmetallic shivs for nonpermissive environments in Pocket Preps, associate editor Patrick Diedrich showed how he built a stealth overland truck loaded with gear, and Tom Marshall reviewed the new Haley Strategic Incog concealable plate carrier with ultra lightweight DFNDR Armor plates. And that’s just a small taste of the content we’ve worked hard to compile for this issue.
The future is never certain, but by examining the past, we can ward off normalcy bias and prepare for various outcomes. I sincerely hope that the rumblings of division in America don’t lead to fragmentation and collapse as they have in other nations and empires of the past, but it’s still a scenario we must consider and prepare for.
In the meantime, I encourage you to look past petty disagreements and strengthen your connections to your family, friends, and neighbors. A prepared individual is strong, but a prepared community is far more resilient. Our Founding Fathers put it best:
“To render us again one people, acting as one nation, should be the object of every man really a patriot. I am satisfied it can be done, and I own that the day which should convince me of the contrary would be the bitterest of my life.” – Thomas Jefferson
“You will never know how much it cost the present generation to preserve your freedom! I hope you will make a good use of it.” – John Adams
Read More From Issue 64
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Selco Begovic is a man with an incredible story and an abundance of wisdom to share. Trapped in a city cut off by military blockade during the collapse of the former Soviet Union for over a year, he was forced to adapt to the situation quickly or lose his life. Selco’s journey through the Balkan Wars is a stark reminder of how quickly the threads of society can unravel when the fabric of a nation is torn apart. Raised in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Selco witnessed the collapse of communism and the ensuing chaos as old tensions — suppressed for decades — erupted into full-scale war.
The transition from a unified Yugoslavia to a fractured region marked by civil war and genocide was swift and brutal, fueled by the resurgence of historical grievances and the manipulation of fear by the media and political elites.
With a constitution modeled after that of the Soviet Union, the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia consisted of six Socialist Republics (SRs) as well as two Socialist Autonomous Provinces (SAPs) within SR Serbia.
As the war approached, Selco observed the ominous signs of societal breakdown — such as economic instability, rising tensions between different ethnic groups, and the disintegration of communal bonds that once held neighbors together. The media, once a source of information, became a tool of propaganda, spreading fear and misinformation that only deepened the divides.
Violence escalated rapidly as people, driven by desperation and a survival instinct, turned on each other, leading to widespread looting, organized crime, and a breakdown of law and order.
If that sounds chillingly similar to present times, then Selco’s words of warning are worth heeding. Thankfully, he’s willing to share his experience with anyone willing to listen, and we spent some time learning how we can be better prepared for the potential of balkanization in the West.
Editor’s Note: Since English is not Begovic’s primary language, we have revised some of the vocabulary and phrasing in his answers for a smoother reading experience.
Interview with Selco Begovic
Editor’s Note: Since English is not Begovic’s primary language, we have revised some of the vocabulary and phrasing in his answers for a smoother reading experience.
Tell us a little about your upbringing. Where were you when these events began to unfold?
Selco Begovic: I was born and raised in the old socialist system in what was then Yugoslavia. It’s a beautiful region and I had a normal life, much like young people in the U.S. or the rest of Europe. I was 18 years old, liked movies, and went to the cinema with girls. I listened to Metallica and played in a heavy metal band.
I witnessed the fall of communism in my country a year or two after the Berlin Wall came down. This transition to “democracy” led to the collapse of Yugoslavia, the formation of new states, and a series of wars in the region. At first, there was hope for a new era of freedom and democracy, but there was also fear of old conflicts resurfacing. In the end, those ghosts of war from the past prevailed.
Some might call me a survival expert. I call myself a survivor. I fought for my life for a year in a city that was surrounded by the enemy army and cut off from power, clean water, and supplies, and under constant attack by snipers and artillery. Gangs ruled the neighborhood, and we had to fight for survival every day and night. The civil war lasted for four years.
Above: This tank monument commemorates the Croatian War of Independence, which began in 1991 after Croatia declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
What were the earliest political or social changes you noticed that signaled the beginning of the conflict?
With the fall of the old socialist/communist system and the introduction of a new one, many people wanted change. Personal freedoms and rights that had been suppressed under communism started to emerge. This region has a long history of conflicts among different ethnicities, religions, and nationalities, and those old tensions were brought to the surface as well.
For years, people were taught that even though we were different, we could come together to build a greater Yugoslav nation, a “melting pot” where our differences would only make us stronger. But when communism fell, those differences were deemed insurmountable, and each group began trying to take territory and resources from one another.
This became a source of division and eventually led to civil war. Our history of conflicts in the past was used to highlight our differences and sharpen the existing hatred.
How did the media portray the rising tensions, and did you notice any bias or manipulation in their reports? How did the media's message change after war began?
This was the 1990s, a time before the internet. People believed what they saw on TV or heard on the radio because they didn’t have the means to quickly verify information. While there were some efforts by the media to calm the situation, these were rare. More often, the media sensationalized events or, even worse, intentionally fueled fear and hatred.
In retrospect, it seems strange what people were willing to believe, but this is a reminder not to underestimate the reactions of those who are under the influence of propaganda. Once the war started, the media fell completely under the control of the ruling powers in each region.
Independent media was virtually non-existent, and it became very dangerous to even attempt to report the truth during those wars. The first time I heard about war was when I saw a report on local TV that people were fighting in a town in a neighboring state. The media said they were fighting to restore peace. The reality was very different.
I remember the report showed a group of fighters or so-called “rebels” who fought against the official army — about 30 soldiers in front of some tanks and armored vehicles trying to look and act like real soldiers. They acted like they had a cause but looked like a bunch of gang members who just looted the military barracks and stole all the weapons and equipment.
The guy who talked most of the time was wearing a helmet with a badge of the official army, but it was crossed out and he had painted small skulls on top of it. He had a long beard and two knives on his belt. He looked dirty and mean. Other soldiers kept interrupting him with comments about how they “liberated the area” and “freed the people,” but most of them looked drunk or high.
In one of the next parts of the report, they showed the outskirts of the town with corpses lying in the streets. One of them was clearly a postman, still next to his bike, so it was obvious he was shot when he was riding it. There were dead bodies everywhere. The report then switched back to the rebels and the reporter praised them for making the area “safe.”
One of the older members of my family commented, “Where are the folks that they liberated? There isn’t a single soul alive except them.” Those were the first real pictures of the war that got burned into my memories.
This cemetery in Sarajevo reflects a glimpse of the scale of death and destruction that impacted the area in the 1990s.
Were there specific events or incidents that made you realize the situation was escalating toward war?
Our old country, Yugoslavia, was a mix of different nationalities and religions. These differences were present in every part of society, including — for example — the police force. When people began leaving their jobs or fleeing places where they were in the minority, it was a clear sign of a serious problem. Nationality suddenly became more important than being right or wrong.
There was also a rewriting of history. Old monuments from World War II were destroyed and certain holidays were abandoned, all in the name of this new understanding of history following the fall of communism. While some of these changes made sense, the majority were simply used to heighten the already tense atmosphere between different groups. This led to a downward spiral of vigilantism and violence.
How did local authorities and government officials respond to the increasing instability?
The response varied from region to region. In areas where violence escalated quickly, government officials often didn’t have time to react properly. In other cases, local authorities even joined in the violence, reinforcing it rather than trying to stop it. Of course, there were efforts to calm things down, but these were often too weak or obstructed to make a difference. Ultimately, those efforts failed.
How did neighboring regions or countries respond? Were they willing to help displaced people, or did they turn them away?
The response from the closest neighboring countries was complicated. They had their own problems and their own stakes in the conflict. Generally, they were involved in helping displaced people, but each country also helped their own “side” in the war, which had a significant influence on the conflict.
Above: A home near Sarajevo, Bosnia, destroyed during the Bosnian War that took place between 1992 and 1995.
What were the first visible signs of societal breakdown in your community?
There were many signs, especially when I look back on it now.
Economic problems such as inflation and shortages of certain goods were all visible before the war fully erupted. People also became more prone to violence because they saw that it worked. All of this was visible before the full-scale war broke out, but most of those who saw it back then failed to recognize the significance of these warning signs.
The most immediate sign of complete societal breakdown for me was when people realized that the normal system was gone. They recognized that there was no immediate punishment for stealing or killing because there was no functioning legal system anymore. More importantly, they realized that the normal system of law and order wasn’t coming back anytime soon.
This led to widespread looting, shooting, stealing from neighbors, and the rise of criminal organizations that filled the power vacuum. Those organized crime syndicates effectively replaced the old system of government, or at least worked within what remained of it, taking us from no rules at all to a semblance of loose rules. In some cases, several of these groups operated within the same city, each carving out their own slice of the pie.
How did the behavior and attitudes of your neighbors and friends change as the conflict approached?
If you're an average person with a normal family and kids, and suddenly your children have nothing to eat, you’ll do whatever it takes to feed them. Looting a shopping mall might be the “softest” step you take.
People adapted to the new reality, or they perished, just like in any other time in history. Especially in dense urban areas where there were more people than resources, people were quickly forced to find new ways to survive.
As a result, you couldn’t be sure who was friend or foe. Some people banded together with their families to be stronger, others joined military groups, and some became mercenaries in the worst sense of the word.
Were there any early indicators of military mobilization or armed groups forming in your area?
The disintegration of the old Yugoslav army and the fighting among different factions marked the beginning of the armed conflict. Initially, there were many groups — some might call them militias — who recruited people either voluntarily or by force. These groups varied greatly in terms of organization, equipment, and morality. Some were little more than well-armed gangs.
Nationwide, there was a ban on men of military age leaving the country. In reality, if you had connections or money — usually you needed both — you could avoid it. From this point on, the majority of people ended up being involved in some way.
What rumors and misinformation were spread during the early stages of the conflict? How did people react to them?
Hate and fear were rampant. One local singer, in an interview years after the war, said that if we had Facebook back then, the war might not have happened because we could have checked with people on the “other side” to see if they actually wanted to attack us.
While I'm not sure Facebook would have saved us, the point was that people didn’t have many sources of information, so rumors and misinformation spread like wildfire. The media on every side fueled hatred toward the “others.”
For example, there were news reports on state-run TV claiming that 50,000 soldiers were going to attack your city in two days, killing everyone in their path. Women, children, civilians, everyone. While atrocities did happen, and in some cases on a large scale (i.e., genocide), misinformation spread in a way that dehumanized others, even when that wasn’t the case.
At the same time, the media often portrayed the situation as better than it was. There was a period of time when they were repeatedly saying that everything would be fine and that talks were in progress.
A red star on the flag of Yugoslavia represented the communist partisans led by Tito, who conducted successful guerrilla operations against the Axis powers during WWII. After the war, the victorious partisans were renamed the Yugoslav Army and engaged in mass executions of thousands of POWs and suspected fascist sympathizers.
What resources became hard to find or valuable? Were people able to develop alternatives?
The city I was in was under siege and cut off from the outside world, so pretty quickly everything became hard to find. Some things were more important than others — food, clean water, hygiene items, and medicines were at the top of the list, along with weapons (the availability of which changed as the conflict went on).
People adapted by “shrinking” their needs. When it came to food, it became basic flour and water recipes, maybe supplemented occasionally with local edible plants. There were times when better items, like MREs or canned food, were available on the black market, but you needed something to trade for them. If you couldn't obtain a resource through normal channels and you weren't willing to steal, you had to trade for it.
For the average person, it was bare minimum survival. Those with power and connections could find almost anything in small quantities. Let's say you wanted a beer in the middle of a civil war in a besieged city — you could probably get it, but it would cost you the equivalent of 200 beers in some other resource.
People ate less, relied on a few simple foods, and had poor or nonexistent hygiene. Medicine was rare and very expensive to trade for. As a result, many people died.
Small things that you usually don’t think about, like lighters, became incredibly valuable. A few months into the siege, lighters became a precious commodity. Even flints for lighters were highly sought after.
Did you see a rise in any specific types of crime? If so, how did people defend against it?
In the early days of chaos, crime was mostly opportunistic. It started with looting malls and stores, much like you see during natural disasters or riots. But soon it escalated to looting and stealing from those with known resources, like rich people or business owners. Folks who had stuff and couldn’t protect it got attacked.
Eventually, as organized crime groups crept in and took hold, crime became more structured. These groups dominated the black market, dictating prices, and trading gold and jewelry for small amounts of food.
Over time, crime transitioned from chaotic and random to more organized and predictable, though it was always dangerous for ordinary people. However, if you paid close attention, you could make sense of what was happening after the initial weeks of chaos.
What was the greatest threat to your survival during this time period, and how did you overcome it?
Violence was the greatest threat. It was a constant presence, though it varied in scale and organization. Perhaps an even greater threat, in a more silent way, was the combination of poor hygiene, inadequate nutrition, lack of medicine, and constant mental stress.
We can call it a poor quality of life. This combination took its toll, and many people died from it. The mental strain was particularly devastating, and some people simply stopped caring, or they gave up, became sick, and died.
For me, the key to overcoming these challenges was being part of a group that went through it all together. We had strength in numbers to deal with the violence, and we combined our knowledge to overcome other problems.
The support we provided each other, especially mentally during the hardest moments, was crucial. For me, that was and still is the “winning combination” for survival — a strong community.
Above: More than 30 years later, the scars of war are still visible throughout the region. This train station was one of countless buildings almost completely destroyed in 1991 during an 87-day siege on the city of Vukovar, Croatia.
Were there any specific incidents of government or military action that marked a turning point toward full-scale conflict?
I believe the turning point was when military forces in some regions “took down” civilian structures and effectively imposed military rule, which wasn’t legal. Following that, civilian buildings and people became targets, either through direct action by military units or artillery bombardment. For most people, this marked the point of no return, as fear and horror became a normal part of life.
If you could go back in time, what's one lesson you wish you could teach your former self to make survival easier? It’s hard to narrow it down to just one lesson, especially since I wasn’t a prepper when this all started, so I missed a lot of things and lessons. But if I had to choose one, it would be this: believe that it can happen to you. If you see the signs, don’t ignore them. Start preparing now, because this type of collapse can and will happen again.
Preparedness is not one-dimensional, it’s the amalgamation of a wide variety of skills, knowledge, and experience. It’s not just about knowing how to hunt, start a fire, or purify water, nor is it only relevant in extreme disaster scenarios. True preparedness is a daily commitment that entails everything from your health and financial stability to how you maintain relationships within your family and community. This realization led former Navy SEAL Rich Graham to develop his Full Spectrum Warrior philosophy based on 12 pillars that are relevant to every individual. And like any good leader, Graham doesn’t just teach these principles — he lives by them. When he’s not lifting weights, sparring, or shooting, he’s working to expand his homestead-turned-training compound, raising Belgian Malinois service dogs for his nonprofit organization, or spending quality time with his wife and young daughter.
We recently sat down with Graham to discuss his time in the SEALs, the development of Full Spectrum Warrior, his educated opinions on current events, and his outlook on the future.
Interview with Rich Graham
Tell us about your upbringing. What led you to join the military?
Rich Graham: I grew up in New Jersey and was very active, liked outdoor stuff, liked playing sports. I got into Thai boxing in my freshman year of high school. By then I was already big into BMX street riding and I was in the straight-edge hard-core punk rock scene. But despite all of the adrenaline junkie things that I enjoyed, I was also good at art and I was being groomed to be an architect. My dad was an architect. In the summers, I was taking advanced placement courses and I got offered a few scholarships to different universities for architecture and engineering.
“The start of my street riding, back when we were kids making ramps out of whatever we could find in the garage.”
Around the start of my senior year — this was in 1999 — I had been dating a girl who cheated on me. I didn’t join the military because my girlfriend cheated on me [laughs] but it was a wake-up call. I was like “dude, I almost chose a school that would keep me closer to her and made a five-year university commitment.” Then, when I looked at it even deeper, I was like, “Do I even want to be an architect to begin with?” I was making all these decisions in my life based on what other people were suggesting that I do.
Going into senior year, I realized I really enjoy adventure, I like to fight, I’m passionate about Muay Thai and I train all the time. Being in that straight-edge punk rock hard-core scene, I was anti-drug and alcohol. I had heard rumors of this military group called SEAL Team 4 that was hunting drug lords like Pablo Escobar down in Central and South America. I’m like, “Wait, the military fights drug cartels? How do I do that?” Before that, I don’t even think I knew what a Navy SEAL was. At the time, there might have been one or two movies out there, like the Charlie Sheen Navy SEAL movie. I had never seen that or read a book about it at the time, so it was a big mystery to me.
“Thai boxing in my instructors basement in New Jersey, around age 16.”
Then, everyone was like, “Dude, you’re too small, you’re too skinny, you can’t be a SEAL! Do you have any idea how hard that is?!” I like a challenge, so the more people who told me I couldn’t do it, the more I wanted to do it just out of principle. That led me into turning down those scholarships and redirecting toward the Navy Delayed Entry Program. Everyone scared the sh*t out of me of, like, “Dude, you have no idea what you’re getting into,” so I was training non-stop to make sure I was ready. Following my graduation from high school in 2000, I left for bootcamp at the end of that summer.
How long were you active as a SEAL and what roles did you fill during that time?
I was in the Navy for six and a half years, so I was at the SEAL team for probably five years. I went through to boot camp and then went right into the Naval Special Warfare pipeline. So outside of boot camp, the entire time was in Naval Special Warfare. But that got cut short — I say cut short because I didn’t get out at the six-and-a-half-year mark on my terms. It was a medical condition I developed while I was on deployment that basically made me ineligible to pass the Navy’s jump and dive physical requirements due to health issues. I basically got pushed out of the Navy. Overall, I did two deployments with SEAL Team 10, finished up at SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV) Team 2, that’s mini submarines. I spent a year there with that command.
At BUDS Class 236 during Hell Week.
There were so many roles and aspects to the job. My main thing was being a point man and scout reconnaissance sniper. Everyone does multiple jobs, so obviously I knew how to do the assaulter stuff and whatnot. I knew manual breaching. I wasn’t the breacher, but we did a little bit of everything.
What were some memorable lessons you learned during that part of your life?
During the process of getting there, I learned the importance of keeping a positive mental attitude — not necessarily false motivation or trying to pump yourself up, but basically not giving in to fear and doubt and noise. People who have bad attitudes are always looking for an excuse or a reason why something won’t work. If you’re trying to find a reason to quit, you’ll find one. That’s one of those things that you’ve got to be very careful with because people with negative attitudes will draw more people to them. Very rarely do people quit something by themselves. Usually, they try to have other people join them to make them feel like their decision was merited. By just being solutions focused, keeping a positive attitude, being careful of your self-talk or internal dialogue, you can achieve great things.
We heard that you trained and supervised security forces at the Olympic Games. What was that process like?
Yeah, it was interesting. My first deployment cycle was during the 2004 Olympics in Greece. We went over and trained the counterterrorism tactics for the Navy and the police and the Air Force. My shooting partner and I took the Greek Air Force and Coast Guard guys up in a helicopter and coached them through their very first sniper shoot from a helicopter. Eventually, we pulled out and handed things off to the next group that was actually going to be there for the event.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with BOPE and other special tactics teams.
I’ve also been working down in Brazil for probably 12 years now, helping police with fundamental skills and team tactics for taking on organized crime syndicates. I’ve developed a lot of contacts there over the years. At one point we had American Olympic athletes coming down with their families, and Rio de Janeiro is a very dangerous city, especially if you don’t know the flow of everything. We organized a security team of off-duty police officers to come in and provide security escorts and drivers for the athletes and their families as they were attending the Olympic Games down there.
How did the concept for Full Spectrum Warrior begin?
It started with being a fighter. The amount of training that goes into fighting is so much more than just simple technique. Most people who are in the martial arts or MMA world understand that. A professional fighter might be doing stand-up strike training and Brazilian jiujitsu training, but in conjunction with that, they need to be running and doing cardio, doing strength training, doing flexibility and range of motion training, and sticking to a diet. A lot of these guys have faced loss and are trying to come back, so they need to have a coach for their mindset. They’re also managing their own money because unless you’re making huge money as a fighter, you’re coming out of your own pocket for training. You have to have a budget.
In the military, you see guys at the highest level and think, “Man, these dudes have got all their sh*t together.” On the job they might, but then you realize they have the same problems that everyone else has. Their lives are still complicated. There’s an 85-percent divorce rate within the community. Guys have financial problems just like everyone else. Guys have bad vices with alcohol or gambling or whatever. So, how do you maintain a winning edge without letting the little things metastasize into something that actually takes you out? We see that with someone — not to throw him under the bus — like Tiger Woods. Tiger Woods didn’t lose his spot on top because he got bad at playing golf. He was committing adultery everywhere he went and that’s what lost sponsorships. That’s what took him out of the game, messed with his family life, and ruined his finances.
When we start looking at the bigger picture, there are a lot of attributes that we have to develop as an individual that are above and beyond the technical skill of whatever it is that our job is calling for. The Full Spectrum Warrior system has 17 pillars. One is strength training or your ability to move. One is your health. Another is your ability to be dangerous and your ability to fight. And then there’s technical skill, like firearms training. But several of the pillars are more on the personal development side, which puts the balance and stability behind those physical and technical attributes. And the cornerstone to it is faith.
Where are you pulling your guiding principles from without a foundation in faith?
You’ve trained in a variety of combatives disciplines. What’s your approach to combining all these systems into a versatile skill set? It started with a background of Thai boxing. My fitness level, my ability to move and generate explosive strength for strikes, and so on. Obviously, the bigger, stronger, and more athletic I am, I’m giving myself an edge if there’s nothing in my hands. Anything that I add to that, I would consider it upgrading the strike. So, if I have an edged weapon, brass knuckles, or if I picked up an object, now I’ve upgraded my strikes. The next layer out from that would be the ability to make strikes at a distance, and that’s where we get into projectiles.
If you look at old-school battlefield fighting, it goes hands, to dagger or hatchet, to swords, to bow and arrow. Once an opponent closes the distance, you’re not shooting the arrow anymore, you’re back to the swords. So, there’s this ebb and flow of what’s the right weapon for the right time. Let’s say I forced you to fight someone in a phone booth and you could have a shotgun or a knife. Which one would you take? In that space, the advantage is with the edged weapon.
When you don’t train your ability to fight with your hands, or with handheld weapons, you’re setting yourself up for failure. You’re going to have a false expectation that your gun will always be able to handle the situation for you. Now, if you’re older, or disabled, or small, or something like that, maybe the firearm is the equalizer, and you train with it to level the playing field. But if you don’t have a handicap that’s limiting your ability to generate force, empty-hand skills are a critical part of the overall martial art system.
Another thing that’s especially relevant to law enforcement — if an officer doesn’t have the ability or confidence to work with his hands and he’s dealing with someone who’s being non-compliant, his next step may be to skip all the in-between levels of force. If the bad guy is at a level three, but the officer’s empty-hand capability is only a level two, now he may jump to excessive force using an eight, nine, or 10 with a gun because he’s afraid to work in the middle ground. Empty-hand combatives ensures we don’t get backed into a corner and have to go excessive because we have no middle ground.
How has getting married and becoming a father influenced your preparedness mindset?
It’s a lot of responsibility. I’m probably going off on a tangent for your article, but there’s that movie No Escape with Owen Wilson. He’s over in Southeast Asia as a contractor for some energy company or something, and while he’s there, a civil war breaks out. He’s with his wife and two little girls, and he’s trying to get his family out of the city without getting killed. Dude, it’s absolutely horrifying. To me, this is scarier than any horror movie with Jason.
Being a father makes you ask, “How do I budget things correctly? How do I make sure that the finances are in check? If there’s an emergency, do I have the food and medical supplies and water purification, the ability to be mobile, and all that stuff, not just for one person, but for two people and a little child?” It’s been a great experience so far, but it’s definitely made the responsibility side of the house way more serious. As a dude, you might be able to just suck it up and rough it out, but when you’re caring for an infant, your decision-making process needs more scrutiny.
When did you begin building the Deep Woods Ranch training facility? What are some of the current features, and what do you plan to add in the future?
In the past, I spent years traveling all over the country and to other countries. I was on the road probably eight months out of the year, and everywhere I showed up to, I had to work within the constraints of that shooting range’s rules and regulations. But when I went to private properties like farms or hunting lodges, we could do some really unique training because it wasn’t a public range with lots of people walking around. At these private properties, it was just us. After doing that for years and starting to get burnt out on it, I was like, “You know what, I should just find a place, build my own stuff, and have people start coming to me. I can set up really unique training that you can’t get at these other places that I’ve seen.” So that’s what we did.
Nine years ago, I sold my house, sold the gym location I had, bought the ranch, and moved out here. We started slowly putting in everything from the infrastructure to the precision rifle range. Currently, we’re building out a Simunition shoot house. It’s going to have two floors, which will make it more than 5,000 square feet of working training space. It’s going to be modular, so we’ll be able to switch it up. Also, right now our precision rifle range goes out to 850 yards. My brother got the neighboring property, so now we’re going to push it out to probably 1,100 to 1,200 yards. We just keep adding stuff.
Tell us about the Home Front K9 Project and its goals.
Graham started the Home Front K9 Project, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that donates emotional support dogs, service dogs, and family home protection dogs to active-duty Special Forces families.
Home Front K9 Project is our nonprofit where we train service dogs for Special Forces families. One of the ways we wanted to start serving the community was getting service dogs into the families before guys were veterans, if possible. Again, the divorce rate within the SEAL team is 85 percent, and we wanted to start looking at ways where we can start supporting the families earlier on and have a bridge to bring families back together. It’s been really successful so far. We’re a small nonprofit, so we’re not pumping out like 100 dogs a year — normally we do anywhere from four to eight dogs a year and try to emphasize quality over quantity.
As we speak, only a few weeks have elapsed since the attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania. Given your experience as a SEAL operator/sniper and security consultant, what was your reaction to that incident?
It’s been said a lot now, but my initial assessment — the very first thing that I said when we saw the video of the Secret Service guys on the roof right behind Trump — was, “Why wouldn’t you have a sniper team on the other elevated object?” That’s Tactics 101, crossing sectors of fire. Why wouldn’t you have a secondary team, one which would be able to see across and one that’s looking right down the front? This is day one, week one sh*t. That was the first thing I noticed.
The second one was, if they had known that there was someone of interest on the property, why wouldn’t they simply tell Trump not to go on stage yet? They were looking for this dude, and there were different reports. They could have stalled. They could have played music, or said “Hey, guys, we’re going to take a 10-minute break.” They could have had him come off the stage.
Those are the two main things right off the bat that just did not seem to make sense. They’re easy fixes. The report keeps changing about if the guys were on that roof and then they got pulled off, but that was a total failure as far as baseline security stuff. You can’t do sniper overwatch on a crowd like that from one single position, especially on an event that has that many people.
It’s no secret that there’s an elevated sense of division and discord in America right now, and this is likely to worsen as the presidential election approaches. How should a prepared citizen respond?
Look back to what happened during the George Floyd BLM riots and the Antifa riots of 2020. Understand that we’re probably going to see that, but bigger. So whatever lessons you gathered from 2020, keep those in mind. As silly as it is, that might be anything from toilet paper to water supplies, to having more than one route to wherever you need to go, to being prepared to find yourself on a blocked highway or road. How do you navigate that situation? If someone yanks you out of your car at one of these roadblocks, what is your game plan? Start thinking about that now, so that way, come this fall, you’re not surprised. You can see it already happening with the Israel-Palestine protests. It doesn’t matter which excuse or label is on it. You have people in the country who want to convert our country to socialism, Marxism, communism, one of those forms of government, not free market capitalism. So, whatever label they use, whatever the rationale is, it doesn’t matter. They’re going to push back in a very loud and violent way. Start getting ready.
Earlier this year, a bill was introduced to the U.S. Senate: S.3589, also known as the “Preventing Private Paramilitary Activity Act of 2024.” It aims to make it illegal for groups of three or more citizens to “publicly patrol, drill, or engage in techniques capable of causing bodily injury or death.” What are your thoughts on this?
This is an attack on the American people, an attack on the law-abiding citizen. Going back to what we just said, the ame people who allowed the cities to burn in 2020, these are the people who have been putting laws into place that theft is no longer a crime if it’s under $900. And then every store is getting ransacked and they’re trying to gaslight you, telling you that the crime has gone down. No, crime’s gone up. You guys just redefined what crime actually is.
Running pistol drills with his customized Glock 17. It features a slide cut, stippling, and Cerakote by Savage Customs, as well as a Grey Ghost Precision barrel and Streamlight TLR-7.
The same people who are allowing that are the ones who are trying to make it illegal for you to train so that you can protect your home, protect your business, protect your family. That’s really who this is. And they’ll argue that it’s for the right-wing militias or nationalists or this and that. The reality is their goal at the end of the day is to disarm the American people. One of the ways that they’re going to do that is to make all the people who are trying to train to protect themselves out to be the bad guys and not the actual criminals. Criminals will be viewed as the victims of a failed society or system. They’re going to say that you’re some extremist militia, Nazi sympathizer, you name it. Just put the whole list of “isms” behind your name. This is one step closer to how they can demonize people who are practicing and participating in their natural rights.
Like many of us in the firearms and preparedness community, you’ve faced substantial online censorship as a result of the content you share. Do the benefits of engaging in social media outweigh the drawbacks? Where do you draw that line?
Yeah, this has been very frustrating. Part of the attack is demonetization. Part of your income is being taken away for participating in something that is constitutionally legal. And again, at the end of the day, the goal is to disarm the American people. The companies are doing the government’s bidding, just like they’re throttling political stuff. It’s come out before Congress that the Biden administration was directing Facebook and these other organizations to throttle or de-platform certain political people. They’re doing the same thing with the 2A community, and they don’t have the legal authority to do it, so they’re doing it through private companies.
Is it surprising to me? No, it’s not. It’s very frustrating, though, when the companies start messing with your income and suppressing your ability to reach people who follow you, all around a topic that is constitutionally protected. There is no crime being committed — it’s not like we’re talking about child pornography or something, but there’s a lot of that stuff that is allowed to go on, and they turn a blind eye to it. We’ve got our own thing, the Full Spectrum Warrior University, where we have all our videos on a private server. But as frustrating as Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube are, the 2A community hasn’t really left those social media networks yet. You’ll hear talks about Rumble or some of these other alternative platforms, but what we’ve seen personally is when we try to put our stuff over there, it doesn’t get nearly the reach as it did when we were on the original ones. So, we’re basically just holding on to the network that we had. It’s not growing anymore.
How does your faith impact your outlook on the future?
There is a lot of gloom and doom out there right now, a lot of frustrations, and a lot of worry. I read what it says in Revelation — it says in the end times, good will be bad, and bad will be good, and everything’s inside out. When I read that, it’s like, dude, this has already been said. We know what’s coming. This is part of the process, so get right with God. Stay in God’s favor and keep it in perspective.
As much as I want to get mad at what happened with things like the mockery of the Last Supper at the Olympics, I’ve just got to have faith and trust that people will see what happens when we remove God from the picture. I just hope that more people will be led back to their faith by seeing what a society looks like without God’s influence — how dark it goes, and how corrupt and evil it becomes. I hope through all of this that it just brings more people to walk with the Lord, and that the devil’s schemes fall back and hit him right in the face.
Here’s a way to look at it, too. If I am remotely prepared, then I don’t have to do evil things to take care of my family. There are a lot of people who are like, “Yeah man, when the time comes, I’ll just shoot my neighbor and take his sh*t were prepared, then you’re not put with your back against a wall to take care of your family. You’re being responsible. It’s easier said than done, but it’s something that you should start taking into consideration now.
If our readers want to train with you or follow your latest projects, how can they do that?
I’d love to train with everybody. Check out our website fullspectrumwarriors.com. It has links to our social media including our Instagram page at @fullspectrumwarriorusa, and you can check out our training calendar. We run some public classes, but honestly, the main thing that we do is small group private training events. You can fill out a private training request on our website. It could just be you or just your family, it could be your six best friends, or whatever. We’ll put together a customized training package specifically for you and what you want to learn, and everyone can come stay here on the ranch. We’ve got a guest cabin, a pool, a gym, all that stuff here, so you can just get fully immersed and stay however many days you want to.
Rich's EDC Gear
“Being that I live in Florida, there is a 50/50 chance I am wearing shorts with a belt or board shorts/silkies, which have no belt system. For the no-belt setup, I roll out with my pocket rocket, the Ruger LCP .380 Auto with a Kel-Tec carry clip mounted on the side so no holster is required. This is accompanied by my Emerson Karambit folding pocketknife.
If I do have a belt, my preferred carry option is the SIG Sauer P365 with 12-round extended magazine. This gives me a good grip and a decent amount of ammo while maintaining concealability in a Blackhawk holster. That is accompanied by a backup 15-round magazine in a Pitbull Tactical universal magazine carrier. My pocketknife with this setup is a Brous Blades folder.
Additional items I usually have with me are a Leatherman Wave multi-tool, Fenix LD30 flashlight, Silent Pocket RFID blocking card carrier, Gatorz Eyewear Magnum sunglasses, Full Spectrum Warrior Notch Gear hat, Salomon Forces Speedcross 6 sneakers, and my one and only piece of jewelry — my wedding ring.
In most cases, I have a medical kit close by in my vehicle, stroller, backpack, etc., but don’t typically carry it on my first line of clothing in town.”
Rich Graham Vital Stats
Age: 42
Hometown: Brielle, New Jersey
Family: Wife, daughter, Belgian Malinois
People Who Inspired Me: My father and grandfather
Favorite Movie: “Mel Gibson and Denzel Washington movies are always a good choice.”
Favorite Food: Steak or Panang Curry Chicken
Favorite Drink: Monster Ultra Zero (white can) or Thai iced tea
Favorite Quote: “If you’re going to be stupid, you’d better be tough!”
Rich Graham's Recommended Reading List
The Holy Bible
21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership by John Maxwell
360 Degree Leader by John Maxwell
Wild at Heart by John Eldridge
Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill
What to Say When You Talk to Yourself by Shad Helmstetter
The Tongue: A Creative Force by Charles Capps
Outwitting the Devil by Napoleon Hill
How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie
One of the oldest forms of commerce in human society is the barter system, and it was considered the norm for a majority of human existence before the advent of currency. While it is not used as our primary method of obtaining goods and services in today's modern society it is still alive and well in small ways through smaller groups of people, small towns, and in less developed areas of the world.
For those of us living in developed areas we rely on the supply chain to get us the goods we need, and in exchange for the currency we make while working we have access to everything we need. What happens if there is a failure in that supply chain? How do people and communities ensure they have the resources they need? The answer lies in reviving the barter systems of old and working together for the benefit of not only ourselves, but the community around us.
Before we get into how the barter system can help us, let's take a look at how our modern supply chain works, how fragile it really is, and the many events that can lead to the collapse of the system that ensures we have access to our resources.
Above: The supply chain relies on infrastructure like electric power to keep moving.
How The Supply Chain Works
A supply chain is defined as the network of all individuals, organizations, resources, activities, and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product. It encompasses everything from the delivery of source materials from the supplier to the manufacturer to its eventual delivery to the end user. As you can imagine, there are a lot of moving parts to make any one final product available for purchase. The steps go something like this:
Planning the inventory and manufacturing processes to ensure that supply and demand are adequately balanced.
Manufacturing or sourcing the materials needed to create the final product.
Assembling parts and testing the product.
Packaging the product for shipment or holding it in inventory until a later date.
Transporting and delivering the finished product to the distributor, retailer, or consumer.
Take any one step or resource out of this chain, and the chain breaks. Supply chains are complex and deeply rooted in the very existence of our society. The more we evolve into a society that relies on same- or next-day delivery, the more important the supply chain becomes. Unfortunately, that also makes us almost completely dependent on supply chains to function correctly.
The Docks in New Jersey are one of the main hubs for unloading cargo in the Northeast U.S.
The Fragile Nature of the Supply Chain
The problem is that our supply chain is extremely fragile. The United States has learned to run on a “just-in-time” delivery system. We see it at home with our daily Amazon deliveries, sometimes arriving the same day we order them. What some might not realize is that most big-box stores operate the same way. When you walk into a Walmart around 8 p.m. on a Tuesday night and see aisles full of pallets of assorted goods waiting to be stocked, it’s because those items were ordered the night before and are ready to go on the shelves 24 hours later.
The problem with a just-in-time system is that the smallest crack in the system can instantly start to create issues. Let’s look at that from the first point in the supply chains. Raw materials. If a farmer has a drought and can’t grow wheat, how many different products does that impact the back end of our supply chain?
Above: Empty shelves during a supply chain collapse.
Supply Chain Failures
So, what can cause a failure in the supply chain? Just about anything. Some of the more common causes in recent years are natural disasters. We’ve been seeing a lot of weather anomalies in regions not typically known for them, such as wildfires in Canada or massive flooding from hurricanes like Katrina in 2005 or Helene in 2024.
What about snowstorms producing so much snow that travel becomes impossible? Remember the storms in the early ‘90s that pummeled the East Coast? Or the “snowpocalypse” in Texas in 2022 that essentially shut down the state because they weren’t equipped to handle such weather? What about the time an Evergreen ship got stuck in the Suez Canal in March of 2021? On March 28, at least 369 ships were queuing to pass through the canal, stranding an estimated US$9.6 billion worth of trade.
Those numbers affected the global supply chain. These are some of the more extreme examples, but this trickles all the way down to the most local level. What happens if your local pharmacy doesn’t get their delivery on time because for any number of reasons like the transport truck broke down or the warehouse lost power and now you can’t get a medication that is vital to your survival?
In some situations, roads can become impassable, infrastructure can be damaged, personnel can be impacted and the supply chain quickly decays. It’s important to note that when weather impacts a specific region, it can sometimes take months or even years for things to return to normal.
What about issues with the workforce? A large union strike like we saw with the UPS drivers in 2023 or the International Longshoremen's Association in 2024 or a global pandemic like we saw in 2020 can quickly cripple the people who keep the supply chain moving. Any adult today lived through the pandemic. That was unlike anything we’ve ever seen before, and we hope never to see again, but it can’t be ruled out.
It was the worst shock our supply chain has ever faced. The global economy essentially stopped, and our day-to-day lives changed drastically. Some aspects will never go back to the way they were before. Then there’s the possibility of cyberattacks or interference from a foreign country. Remember the ransomware attack on the Colonial Pipeline in 2021? These are just a few examples of what can cripple our supply chain and economy.
Above: Canning can preserve perishable foods for long periods of time
How a Barter System Could Fill the Gaps
So how do we stay ahead of these issues? What can we do to combat the vulnerabilities of a just-in-time delivery system? One answer might be to take a deeper look at a barter system. A barter system uses direct trade for goods, a practice that dates back to around 6000 BC with Mesopotamian tribes. Ancient people traded food, spices, and weapons.
In the Middle Ages, Europeans traveled across the globe to barter crafts and furs in exchange for silks and perfumes. By the time Colonial America emerged, people exchanged musket balls, deer skins, and wheat. While money eventually replaced the barter system, bartering has never truly disappeared and remains a viable system today. It may be worth revisiting more seriously.
Benefits of Barter in Times of Crisis
In the collapse of regular society and supply chains, it seems natural to revert to this tried-and-true system. Whether it’s a long-term or short-term problem, it’s in your interest to prepare for this before you need it. What do you have to offer? Skills, resources, or goods—what can you trade for the things you and your family need? Here are some ideas:
Food and Water: Trading food products for essential services. Do you grow anything? Can you produce clean, safe drinking water? Do you have a stockpile of preserved goods?
Skills and Labor: Offering skilled services (carpentry, plumbing, medical care) in exchange for tangible goods or other services.
Craftsmanship and Homemade Goods: Woodworkers, tailors, and artisans exchanging handmade items for other necessities.
Energy and Utilities: Trading energy resources like firewood, solar-powered batteries, or fuel for essential goods.
Bartering also offers flexibility in situations where currency loses its value. For example, in the Weimar Republic in post-World War I Germany, hyperinflation rendered money practically worthless, and citizens turned to barter for everyday needs.
Similarly, Venezuela’s currency collapse has prompted the use of bartering for food and medical supplies. This highlights the adaptability and sustainability of barter when money itself becomes unstable.
It is also important to consider your location. While rural areas may have more access to resources like land and firewood, urban communities might adapt differently to bartering, especially with limited space.
For example, specialized skills like repair services, urban farming, or water filtration might be highly valuable in city environments. Consider building a library of skills rather than relying solely on stockpiling physical items you might not have space to store.
Above: Hydroponic Gardening is a good way to produce food year round
Modern Examples of Barter Systems
Bartering isn’t just a historical relic, it’s alive and well today. In Greece, which faced a severe economic crisis in the 2010s, bartering networks popped up across the country, allowing people to exchange services like teaching or home repairs for food and clothing. Similarly, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, some communities turned to online barter platforms where users exchanged goods like household items or skills such as tutoring in return for essential supplies.
As I maintain and add to my preps, I’m starting to look at things more specifically from a barter standpoint. I need to stockpile what my family needs, but also items others may find valuable. For example, I’ve invested in a still. A still can be used for a variety of purposes: making distilled beverages, essential oils, clean drinking water, and even certain medicines.
All these products can be useful to me and valuable to others for barter. I’ve also been investing in my skills. Welding, mechanics, and construction are areas that come easily to me but might be foreign to others. These skills could be valuable in a barter system.
Challenges and Risks of Bartering
Does currency have a place in a barter system? Absolutely, but it might not look the same. Currency could be made up of precious metals, similar to our first coins, or even bullets—how many .22L rounds would equal a “dollar”? Establishing value is one of the challenges of a barter system. Determining equal value between goods and services can be difficult.
Would you stitch up a leg wound for a loaf of bread? How many chickens is a running motorcycle worth? Perishability is another factor to consider, as some goods like food can spoil and may not be suitable for long-term bartering.
If you are proficient in food preservation maybe you can take tomatoes that would normally only last a few weeks and jar them, so they are shelf stable almost indefinitely. Additionally, bartering tends to work best in tight-knit or local communities where trust and mutual understanding are high.
Modern technology offers digital and modern adaptations to bartering. Peer-to-peer barter apps and digital platforms like social media groups or local online forums facilitate trade in real-time. Facebook Marketplace already serves as a place where people can network and barter. However, in a grid-down situation, these digital options may not be available.
Above: Common Emergency Supplies make great barter items.
Taking Action to Build Barter Systems Now
What steps can you take to implement a barter system in your community? First, identify your resources and skills. Encourage individuals and families to assess what they can offer. Next, set up physical or digital places where people can meet and discuss potential trades. Barter markets or swap events can foster community participation.
Establishing barter meetups now would allow your community to get used to the system and feel comfortable with the concepts. It may also be important to develop a loose set of guidelines to ensure fairness, safety, and efficiency. Doing this now, before a crisis occurs, can be hugely beneficial to you, your family, and your community. It’s always easier to have a system in place before disaster strikes than to implement it afterward.
Bartering might not be the be-all and end-all of survival strategies, but it fits into a larger strategy for self-reliance and resilience. Bartering alone may not solve all problems, so complementing it with other preparedness measures like learning how to grow food, purify water, or generate energy independently can help you become more self-reliant overall.
I’m a firm believer that a rising tide raises all ships, and while it’s important to build a strong community of like-minded and capable people, that journey starts in your own home. Making you and your family as prepared as possible is just the beginning.
The goal should be to create a network of self-reliant individuals, each with something valuable to offer. Bartering can be a key part of that larger picture of resilience, but it’s the combination of preparation, skill-building, and resource management that ultimately sustains communities when the unexpected occurs.
Final Thoughts
In the end, having a system like barter in place doesn’t just help ensure access to vital goods and services during a crisis—it fosters a sense of connection and cooperation. When the grid goes down or supply chains collapse, people will naturally turn to one another for support. Being prepared for that moment, both individually and as a community, could make all the difference.
The sooner we begin these conversations and take action, the better equipped we will be to face whatever challenges the future might hold. Whether through learning new skills, gathering valuable resources, or building trust in local networks, we have the opportunity to strengthen our communities and enhance our overall resilience, starting right now.
Above: Canned Food and dry goods are ideal for long-term storage.
Quick Reference to Common Barter Goods
Stockpiling goods, the ability to grow or raise your own food, and having some basic skills can put you in a great position during any emergency situation that results in a collapse of the supply chain. Having some extra stock and the willingness to lend your skills to others can enable you to barter with others in the community and not only survive but thrive!
Here are some commonly barterable goods and services with some examples in each category. This far from an exhaustive list, but should be enough to get your wheels turning:
Canned Food: Vegetables, Meat, and Tuna Fish.
Dried Food: Rice, beans, and pasta.
Clean Water: Bottled water and filtration systems.
Baby Supplies: Diapers, clothing, and shelf stable formula.
Weather Related Gear: Raincoats, winter clothing, and umbrellas.
Building Materials: Plaster, Paint, and lumber.
Hygiene Items: Toothpaste, soap, and deodorant.
Batteries: AA, AAA, C, and D cell.
Precious Metals: Silver and gold coins.
Footwear: Sneakers, work boots, and weather specific footwear
Fresh Produce and Meat: Grow produce and Raise Livestock.
Tools: Hammers, saw blades, screw drivers, and cutting tools.
Hardware: Screws, nails, and washers.
Comfort Items: Blankets, pillows, games, books, and liquor.
Common Medication: Tylenol, Advil, cold medication, and allergy relief.
First Aid Supplies: Bandages, Sutures, disinfectants, and gauze.
Above: Bartering is not just about supplies, you can barter skills as well. Medical skills can be in high demand when supply chains collapse.
Barter Skills
Automotive Repair Skills
Cooking Skills
Sewing and Tailoring
“Handyman” and Maintenance Skills
Plumbing, Construction, and Building Skills
Medical and First Aid Skills
Teaching and Education Skills
Crafting Skills
Foraging Skills
Farming and Livestock Skills
Pest animal and Wildlife Management Skills
Electronic Device Repair Skills
Home Cleaning Skills
Child Rearing and Supervision Skills
Landscaping Skills
Gunsmithing Skills
Metalworking Skills
Featured Barter Items: Ammunition and Firearms Parts
Ammunition is a vital resource that is often overlooked when it comes to bartering. Firearms give us the ability to defend our homes and loved ones, as well as allow us to put food on the table if we live in a rural area and have hunting skills. Unfortunately, they are pretty ineffective without ammunition or if common wear and tear parts deteriorate due to lack of maintenance or heavy use.
Keeping a good stock of commonly used ammunition can not only ensure you will not run out, it can also provide you a very in demand commodity that less prepared individuals will be seeking to provide them with a sense of security and a means of feeding themselves and their loved ones. Companies like Black Hills Ammunition can keep you well-stocked on high-quality handgun ammo and top of the line self defense and hunting rifle rounds.
When it comes to Firearms, parts will wear out through time and use. This is especially prevalent with one of the most commonly owned platforms, the AR. one of the primary advantages of the AR platform is the ability to easily maintain, repair, and replace nearly every part with just a few simple tools.
It is expected that parts like buffers, springs, firing pins, bolt carrier groups, charging handles, optics, and even barrels will need to be replaced with extended use. Having a good stock of high quality parts like the ones found at Bravo Company Manufacturing will keep your AR platform operating at peak performance for years, and provide you with ultra high value bartering items during an extended supply chain crisis.
It could be argued that warfare is a telegraph of the societies engaged in it. Despite the continued conventional conflict in places like Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia, much of the rest of the world is looking at asymmetric threats that require a more refined response. Whether it’s protecting the Olympic Games or the president’s life, being adaptable to threats that don’t require MultiCam and machine guns has become critical to any defense plan — including those of prepared citizens.
Two years ago, Haley Strategic Partners launched their Thorax Plate Carrier. It’s a product still on par with market trends: a compound of Velcro and MOLLE that minimizes bulk while accepting a diverse array of clip-on placards with the traditional pair of pinch-buckles mounted to the front of the carrier. Multiple placard options, plus multiple cummerbund and side-entry options made the Thorax a heavy-duty, low-bulk option for everyone from prepared citizens to professional end users.
The Haley Strategic Thorax Incog
This year, HSP announced a new iteration of the concept they’re calling the Thorax Incog that’s aimed squarely at low-profile use cases. Every design feature of the Thorax Incog is purpose driven and meant to provide users with the lowest-possible signature while still being scalable to carry a fighting load. The Thorax Incog starts with plate bags made from 500D Cordura and stretch Tweave.
While the original Thorax included heavier, padded, thermo-formed backing and technical laminates to sustain a heavy load over time, the simpler construction of the Incog variant is meant to hug both your plates and your body with a glove-like fit. It should actually form to your body over time if you wear it enough. But this glove can quickly turn into a gauntlet with just a few quick additions to the carrier. More on that in a minute …
Above: Right: In slick configuration, the Thorax Incog with DFNDR plates still allows unimpeded access to your AIWB draw.
Slicked Down
The front bag has two fields of loop material, a large one for attaching a triple-rifle-mag TRMP Incog panel, and a smaller chip-shaped one up top for patches — whether you’re running a police placard, American flag, or just your favorite morale patches. The rear bag also has a small loop field up high for patches or placards.
The cummerbund is attached by inserting it into a pass-through sleeve sewn into the back of the carrier. Once it’s in place, press down on the hook-and-loop and you’re good to go. The Incog-specific cummerbunds that come with the Incog are elastic, and each side features a single cell that can hold a rifle mag, radio, small med kit, or other accessory. The sleeve has a single row of laser-cut PALS slots on the outside if you want to attach a small pouch. If you need more or different side support, the Thorax Incog is compatible with all existing Thorax cummerbunds, including their Chicken Strap, Side Entry System, and side-plate-bearing PALS cummerbunds.
The aforementioned TRMP Incog is a variation of the existing Haley Strategic Triple Rifle Magazine Placard. The difference lies in the attachment system. When designing the Thorax Incog, HSP received feedback from SOF personnel that while they did want modularity, they wanted the slicked-down configuration to be as slick as possible. That meant no buckles or G-hooks on the front bag that would protrude when wearing the carrier concealed under plainclothes.
The result is what the HSP team calls TabLoc. The front of the plate carrier has two narrow channels sewn into it — one at each outside edge. The TRMP panel itself has a corresponding pair of long, thin, reinforced nylon tabs that slide into the channels before the hook-and-loop is pressed to lock everything together.
Above: The bulked up fully loaded Thorax Incog.
Bulked Up
Bulking up the Thorax Incog is quick work, if your use case requires it. Conventional wisdom might scoff at the idea of taking a plate carrier designed to be low-visibility and then building it out to run as a high-profile rig with full combat load. But there are advantages to this. First and foremost, because of the intention for it to be low-pro, the Thorax Incog has a much snugger, glove-like fit to the body. The plate bags hug the plates tighter and the carrier hugs you tighter.
So even when you pile on placards and pouches, the Incog variant still sits closer to the body. For prepared citizens — who are not running 12-hour missions laden down with grenades and multiple radios and enough ammunition for a protracted gunfight — the extra padding can be foregone for a more bespoke fit that will be just as comfortable in most situations. This also has the benefit of a carrier that can strip down slim enough to fit under a hoodie or flannel.
The second is increased adaptability if you do choose to bulk up. Within the Haley Strategic ecosystem alone, there are multiple ways to scale up the Thorax Incog. If you have added the TRMP Incog panel to the front of your carrier, and that’s not enough extra capacity, you can add on the Auxiliary MOLLE Panel. The AMP is simply a hook-and-loop wrap that completely engulfs the TRMP. Now you can carry three rifle mags, plus whatever you can fit onto the six rows of laser cut MOLLE slots.
If that isn’t enough, you can add a hanger to the bottom of the carrier, by sandwiching in the hook-and-loop between the back of the TRMP and the front of the plate carrier. HSP offers multiple hangers including MOLLE panel variants, the Multi-Mission Hanger, which is a general cargo pouch that can be adapted to carry different types of items, or the 5-Banger Hanger, which is a purpose built hanger that holds five 40mm rounds in elastic loops.
Haley Strategic also has “wing pouches” that hang off the edge of the carrier, tucked behind the cummerbund, that will hold military grade radios if you need communications. We’ve seen wing pouches from other manufacturers that hold everything from knives to tourniquets to (even) more magazines. Adding pouches onto the cummerbund is also an option.
The only potential issue with scaling your carrier up with all these attachments is, if you want to go back down to a slick configuration, it’s going to take a few minutes to manually remove each component. Switching on the fly or in the middle of a protracted crisis is less than ideal, especially if you’re somewhere other than your garage (where we presume you have a plastic tub to store all your nylon “parts and pieces” just like we do).
Above: The fastest way of scaling up this slick plate carrier is to put on a kitted-out chest rig over it. This is known as patrol configuration.
The Middle Ground: Patrol Ready
The alternative is a setup sometimes referred to as “patrol configuration,” where you simply keep your plate carrier completely slick all the time and don a separate, pre-loaded chest rig over it when more gear is needed. That term comes from situations when special operations units have to infiltrate their target area on foot — through jungle or over mountains — and then engage a specific objective through direct assault.
Because plate carriers trap body heat and can be highly uncomfortable with a heavy rucksack on top of them, these teams would keep a slick plate carrier in their pack while hiking through harsh terrain. But they still wear standalone chest rigs to have ammunition, first aid, and comms within arms’ reach if they get attacked on the move. When the team reaches its specific target, they pull those plate carriers out of their rucks, put the chest rigs on over top of them, and now have body armor to protect them during the deliberate assault.
This approach holds good value for prepared citizens. For those living in urban or suburban areas, wearing a plate carrier with nothing attached to it, easily concealed with street clothes, allows you personal protection when moving through high-risk neighborhoods, or when civil unrest begins to escalate. You may need to move through dangerous areas without making yourself a target by appearing as if you showed up to participate.
But if you wind up in a situation where having at least a basic self-defense loadout accessible and in the open is advantageous, you can slip your chest rig on over the armor and street clothes. The reverse is also true. Folks living in rural areas who may be concerned with protecting a ranch or other larger property might not need plates very often but may want a chest rig and rifle handy when checking their property lines in a vehicle, on an ATV, or even on horseback.
A small chest rig like HSP’s D3 Micro, shown in photos on the previous page, can stow almost anywhere — under a car seat, in a saddlebag, even inside a backpack or messenger bag where it’s quickly accessible but completely hidden until needed.
The Thorax Incog is the Total Package
Due to its simplified design, the Thorax Incog Plate Bags ($125) and cummerbund ($60) are nearly $100 less than the original Thorax plate bags by themselves ($270). If you need the additional load-bearing properties of the latter, it’s money well spent. But if your job or preparedness plan are built around concealability and scalability, the Incog variant will save you some money which can be conveniently spent on accessories. In fact, at $95, the TRMP Incog placard is almost exactly the price difference between the two Thorax models. We’ve seen a lot of really great plate carriers. Some are bombproof workhorses meant to haul a platoon’s worth of gear.
Others are ultra-minimalist with zero load carriage whatsoever. Others attempt to be a jack-of-all-trades but don’t perform in either category with true excellence. The Haley Strategic Thorax Incog may be the first one we’ve come across that scales up and down with real seamlessness.
In base configuration, it’s truly slick but can be built up to a level that allows it to punch way above its weight class against more complex, much more expensive plate carriers. If you don’t yet have a hard armor setup in your gear locker, or you think it’s time to refresh your kit to keep up with current advancements, we almost guarantee the Haley Strategic Thorax Incog can be made into your goldilocks fit, regardless of use case or occupation.
Above: The DFNDR is an ideal Thin and Lightweight Plate for the Thorax Incog
The State of The Plate
Much like night vision or AR-pattern carbines, your kit must be looked at as a system. The armor plates are one component of that system and not all plates will work with all carriers. We initially had some trouble finding plates that fit the Thorax Incog. We have Level III+ plates from multiple manufacturers that would not fit this carrier, on account of being too thick (1.1 to 1.2 inches).
Because the Incog is meant to be a low-profile carrier, the bag sizing is biased to thinner plates. Since we did not have any plates on hand that fit properly, the team at Haley Strategic directed us to DFNDR Armor, the brand they carry and use.
The folks at DFNDR were very responsive and incredibly helpful, sending over a set of their new RF1 Elite plates. Plate thickness and weight are usually a balancing act against cost and protection level.
Rifle-rated plates can be had for 5-ish pounds per plate, but they’re typically over an inch thick. You can get them thinner, but then you’re relying on more ceramic in the construction, which can make them closer to 8 pounds per plate. But thinner, heavier plates can be cheaper. Protection levels being (relatively) equal, you typically wind up at a decision point that looks like this:
Lightweight
Thin
Inexpensive
Pick two.
In the case of DFNDR’s RF1 Elite, you’re getting the first two in exchange for the third. These stand-alone plates require no soft armor backer and are tested to the NIJ’s new armor rating protocol, which classifies rifle-rated armor into three categories. The lowest level, RF1, is required to stop the following threats:
The DFNDR RF1 Elite plates are rated to stop all of these threats while measuring only 0.75-inch thick and weighing in at an astonishing 2.09 pounds per plate for a medium SAPI cut. Prices range from (brace yourself) $1,390 to $1,730 per plate, depending on size — no small financial feat, for sure.
But what you’re paying for is the ability to have rifle-level armor protection that is thin enough to wear under almost any shirt and light enough to wear all day. The adage buy once, cry once might hurt your wallet for a couple of months but will ensure that you have a piece of cutting-edge protective equipment that will serve you well, and do so comfortably, for years to come.
If you are looking for a versatile and reliable tool that can handle various tasks, from kitchen prep to outdoor adventures, look no further than a paring knife. This simple yet efficient knife design has been a staple in kitchens worldwide for decades, and for good reason. Its compact size and sharp blade make it an excellent choice for precision cuts, peeling, and coring fruits and vegetables. However, the usefulness of a paring knife continues beyond the kitchen.
Its lightweight design and thin edge make it an ideal tool for outdoor enthusiasts, hunters, and butchers. Let's dive into the benefits of using a paring knife for various utility to camp craft tasks and cover The TOPS Knives El Pionero, a unique collaboration between a renowned security consultant and a top-tier knife manufacturer, resulting in a versatile and innovative fixed-blade knife design.
Señor Calderon
Ed Calderon is a security consultant and trainer specializing in Mexican criminal culture and its impact on personal security. He is the founder of Ed's Manifesto, a platform where he shares his insights and experiences from his former career as a police officer in Tijuana, Mexico. Ed is also a frequent guest on podcasts and media outlets, where he discusses topics such as cartel violence, kidnapping, human trafficking, and survival skills. He is known for his expertise and authenticity in the personal security field that has come out of Mexico.
Above: The TOPS El Pionero is made of high carbon 1095 steel with a Tumble Finish for durability.
TOPS Collaboration
In the past few years, Ed Calderon had the chance to conduct one of his most acclaimed training courses at the TOPS Knives facility. During his stay, he was invited to be a guest on TOPS Daily Grind (podcast), where he conversed about edged tools and weapons with Leo, the president of TOPS. One of the discussion topics was a potential collaboration between the two to create a unique knife design that would be both functional and innovative.
After much brainstorming, Ed and Leo agreed that a paring knife would be the perfect design base. The knife's simplicity and versatility make it one of the most common knife types worldwide, and it would also be a great starting point for customization. Thus, the idea for El Pionero was born. It's a knife that blends functionality with elegance, and it's designed to be a reliable tool for everyday use.
Above: The TOPS El Pionero has a black Kydex sheath and a Multi-Position Spring Steel clip for versatile carry.
Undercover Paring Knife
The El Pionero Knife is a versatile, reliable fixed blade designed for outdoor enthusiasts, butchers, and individuals seeking a reliable self-defense tool. With an overall length of 7.63 inches, this knife packs a punch with its 3.38-inch blade length and a cutting edge of 3.13 inches. The blade thickness of 0.090 inches ensures that the knife can easily handle challenging tasks.
The El Pionero features TOPS’ staple steel, high carbon 1095 with an RC 56-58, and a Tumble Finish, making it a durable and long-lasting tool that can withstand harsh conditions. The Tan Canvas Micarta handle scales provide a comfortable grip and exceptional durability, ensuring the knife stays firmly in your hand during use.
The graphic on the El Pionero is a skeleton pattern engraved on the micarta scales. The handle pattern is designed to enhance the aesthetics and grip of the knife and reflect its tactical and practical nature. The skeleton pattern is also a signature of Ed Calderon.
Above: Tan canvas Micarta scales offer a secure grip. The finger divot is his signature technique learned from his mother.
Weighing in at only 2.9 ounces, the El Pionero is one of the lightest knives that TOPS makes. With the included black Kydex sheath and Multi-Position Spring Steel clip, the knife weighs in at 4.1 ounces, making it easy to carry with you on any adventure.
The knife has many other features that Ed has found to be useful on knives throughout his experience. The finger divot is a signature of his that he originally learned from his mother and is designed to make it easy to know where the edge is oriented based on where that divot is felt. It also helps when extracting a knife that has been stabbed into something and may be somewhat stuck. The false edge aids in penetrating as well. The Kydex sheath is low profile and easily customizable by the end user to be worn in multiple configurations.
Above: The TOPS Knives El Pionero Knife features a 3.38-inch, 0.090-inch thick blade, it is an excellent choice for outdoor enthusiasts and individuals seeking self-defense options.
Tactical Meets Practical
I got the knife just in time to photograph and take to the woods for some preliminary tasks before the big trip coming down the pipe. I was rigging up tarps for camp and doing some camp crafts requiring cutting 550 paracord and making a fire.
These seemingly mundane tasks can reveal a lot about a piece of gear, especially a knife. I was curious to see how the knife would perform and how well it would carry on my person during several hikes and on my upcoming international trip.
The first test I conducted was to see how well it could shave hair off my arm. People should know two things about TOPS Knives: they always have hair-popping, wicked sharp edges, and they've mastered 1095 carbon steel!
In the Northeast Woods, I split firewood with a heavier cutting tool and used finger-to-thumb diameter pieces to make tinder by way of feather sticks. I prefer a 3-inch to 3.5-inch blade for camp crafts. The El Pionero sliced wood like a lightsaber, easily making thin, curly feathers. I’m a fan of making my own tinder, so making feathers that will take a spark is essential, especially for my next trip into the Amazon Rainforest!
Above: Pineapples were sliced in the jungle with the El Pionero over several days. The blade remained sharp despite the harsh jungle floor as the cutting board.
Jungle Companion
The first real-world test for the El Pionero was slicing pineapple along the trail in the jungle. Naturally, the thin, sharp blade was perfectly up to the task. I didn’t bother cleaning the excess juice off the knife. Eventually, the accumulation of all things gunky and the humidity would take their toll.
Fire preparation in the jungle is a communal task. I like being in charge of the small elements like thin twigs and feather sticks, which are often overlooked. Since this was a trip with students, I wanted to set a good example of how much of the small prep is needed. Those little things—there’s nothing bigger. I wanted to show off my El Pionero and how valuable a small paring-style knife can be in a long-blade culture. As expected, it made nice curls, the likes of which would make Mors Kochanski proud.
Above: Cleaning animals for food is routine in the jungle, as is using cutting tools. The El Pionero skinned this boa constrictor, which fed 12 people.
While preparing the ground and the surrounding area for my camp, one of our reliable local guides called my name repeatedly. They spotted a red-tailed boa in the creek and handed it to me. The whole camp knew that we would enjoy a feast the following day.
We had procured two live chickens along with the boa, which would also be grilled for the feast. For skinning and cutting the boa, we used the El Pionero, which was also used for various other purposes like preparing fire, cutting cords, and carving spoons out of palm. Despite its multiple uses, the knife remained razor-sharp and did a great job skinning the tough serpent into manageable pieces.
After one chicken was dispatched, I wasted no time defeathering it while it was still warm. Then, I cleaned the jungle bird using the knife in an inverted position, choking up on the spine toward the knife's point. After the bird was cleaned, it got a quick dunk in the river before the butchering. The El Pionero was perfect for quartering the jungle bird for the swamp grill.
Above: The El Pionero is comfortable in a reverse thumb-supported grip and a reverse edge in grip style.
Aftermath
The El Pionero knife is perfect for outdoor activities, butchering, and self-defense. Its lightweight design and durability make it ideal for any outdoor enthusiast or professional.
I carried the El Pionero confidently clipped on my pocket and inverted on my belt. The clip held up well. As expected, the handle offered a secure grip even when wet from animal fat and blood. The 1095 carbon blade remained sharp with a fair amount of surface rust and the start of a promising patina. The environment alone is harsh on gear and people alike—easy doesn’t live in the jungle!
Above: TOPS El Pionero looking well used after a trip to the Jungle
Conclusion
The success of this project showcases the power of teamwork and creativity. The knife underwent several design iterations before achieving the perfect balance of form and function. The outcome is a durable, practical, and aesthetically pleasing knife that embodies innovation and practicality. It's a testament to the skills and dedication of Ed Calderon and the team at TOPS Knives.
Adventurer, writer, photographer, and survival instructor for Randall’s Adventure & Training, Reuben has spent most of his life hiking and backpacking through the wildernesses of the world. He has traveled abroad in extreme environments and seeks out primitive survival techniques, construction, and uses of knives and edged tools. Reuben has published many articles on survival, knife and tool use, and woodcraft. He remains a lifetime student of survival!
Every day, we take for granted the ability to access a virtually-unlimited supply of electricity. It keeps our food cold, our homes warm, and our lights on, not to mention a myriad of computers, TVs, cell phones, washing machines, air fryers, and hair dryers. But life hasn’t always been this way — when we look at the grand scale of human history, reliable access to electricity is an infinitesimal blip on the radar. For thousands upon thousands of years, our ancestors lived without it, a fact that sounds almost unimaginable today.
As you consider this, it’s easy to jump to an extreme conclusion. “I don’t really need electricity in an emergency situation,” you might think. “It’s nothing but a modern luxury! My great grandparents did fine without it.” No so fast. Humanity also survived for thousands of years without access to clean running water, sewer infrastructure, and antibiotics, but that doesn’t mean we should willingly go back to the Dark Ages. One could argue that just like these things, electricity has become a virtual necessity in the 21st century. Sure, you can survive without it, but life becomes significantly harder.
Electricity: A Resource Worth Stockpiling
With all this in mind, it’s wise to prepare a source of electricity for emergencies, just as you’ve likely prepared emergency sources of other consumables (water, food, medicine, and so on). For short-term situations, this might mean a pocket-sized USB power bank that can top off your cell phone enough to call a family member. But for long-term catastrophes or events involving multiple people, that little power bank isn’t going to cut it.
Above: The Yeti 1500X from Goal Zero offers a whopping 1,516 watt-hours of energy, enough to run a full-size refrigerator for 21 hours.
Let’s say you’re at home when a major storm wipes out power lines, leaving your entire neighborhood in a multi-day blackout. Can you keep your food refrigerated, or is it all going to spoil? Will you have reliable lighting, or will you be stumbling around by candlelight? What about running important medical devices, such as a CPAP machine for sleep apnea? Similar questions can be asked for scenarios where you’re away from home or entirely off-grid — can you keep enough headlamps, lanterns, radios, and/or satellite phones powered-up for the whole family? Under more mundane circumstances, can you keep your laptop and cellular hotspot charged while working from remote locations?
Generators vs. Power Stations
Above: A traditional generator is a useful tool for emergency preparedness, but produces substantial amounts of exhaust, heat, and noise. It also requires access to consumable fuel.
A traditional solution to many of these concerns is a gas- or diesel-powered generator, but these devices are not without some drawbacks:
They contain moving parts that require periodic maintenance.
They’re loud, which can be either a mild annoyance or a major safety concern depending on the circumstances.
They produce heat and exhaust gases, so they must be used outdoors or in well-ventilated areas.
Most importantly, they convert one limited resource (fossil fuel) into another (electricity).
Above: The Goal Zero Yeti 1500X contains lithium-ion batteries that provide silent, reliable power for a variety of large and small electronic devices.
Portable power stations, sometimes called solar generators or battery backups, address each of these concerns. Since they’re based on high-capacity batteries, they contain no mechanical moving parts aside from a few small fans, and they’re virtually silent. They produce no exhaust fumes and comparatively minimal heat. Best of all, they don’t require consumable fuel, and can be topped off at any wall outlet, charged inside a vehicle, or passively recharged off-the-grid using solar panels.
Above: Paired with a solar panel setup, such as this Boulder 100 Briefcase from Goal Zero, the Yeti becomes a standalone source of renewable electricity. It can also be charged from a wall outlet, vehicle, or even a traditional gas generator.
It’s not technically correct to call these generators, since they’re simply portable storage vessels for electricity from any other source. Rather than thinking of a power station as a replacement for a traditional gas generator, think of it as a versatile addition — after all, you can still charge the former from the latter.
The Goal Zero Yeti 1500X
Goal Zero is one of the most prominent names in the portable power industry, and has been producing power stations and matching solar panels for nearly 15 years. The company was initially founded in an effort to supply off-grid power to families in impoverished nations such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since then, it has supported numerous humanitarian and disaster recovery projects in Southeast Asia, Africa, South America, the Caribbean, and the United States.
The earliest large power stations created by Goal Zero featured lead-acid batteries, not unlike what you might find under the hood of your car. These batteries were eventually replaced by modern lithium-ion cells, which are smaller, lighter, more shelf-stable, produce more consistent voltage, and can maintain efficiency in a much larger temperature range.
Above: The Yeti's top tray offers storage for cables and accessories, as well as the included wall charger. Just don’t leave the charger here while it’s plugged in, especially with the lid closed, since it can overheat.
The Goal Zero Yeti 1500X is the company’s best-selling large portable power station, positioned mid-range between the compact Yeti 200X and the 106-pound Yeti 6000X (which, ironically, is about the size of a Yeti cooler — no relation between the two brands). We could write several pages about the technical specs of the Yeti 1500X alone, but in the interest of not boring all our non-electrician readers, we’ll keep it brief. It provides 1,516 watt hours of capacity (140.4 amp hours at 10.8 volts). You’re probably more familiar with milliamp hours, the measurement typically used for small power banks and flashlight batteries; the Yeti 1500X capacity equates to more than 140,000 milliamp hours. Here’s a quick rundown of performance with a few common devices:
Smartphone (12Wh) – 127 recharges
Laptop (50Wh) – 31 recharges
Headlamp (5Wh) – 303 recharges
42” LED TV (100W) – 15 hours
Mini Fridge (35W) – 44 hours
Full-Size Refrigerator (65W) – 21 hours
In practical terms, it won’t replace a whole-house generator, but this 46-pound unit can easily keep a whole family’s small electronics powered for a week or more. It’ll also keep your fridge or other large appliances running long enough to make it through most short neighborhood blackouts.
Battery Type Lithium-ion nickel manganese cobalt (NMC)
Operating Temperature 32-104 degrees F
Dimensions 15.3 x 10.2 x 10.4 inches
Weight 46 pounds
Above: The top tray contains an 8mm input port for solar or AC power, a 12V high-power output, and the pairing button for Goal Zero’s smartphone app. Additional components such as the Yeti Link expansion module can be installed here as well.
When we first received a Yeti 1500X test unit for this article, we decided to fully charge it for the first time. Unfortunately, this did not go smoothly. We placed the included charging “brick” in the accessory tray on top of the Yeti, plugged it in to the wall, and walked away for about 90 minutes. The flip-up cover was left open and the unit was charged in a 78-degree, well-ventilated room. Despite this, we returned to find the brick had become too hot to touch, and the unit was no longer charging. In fact, the brick got so hot that a hole was melted through the plastic tray beneath it. Shortly after this incident, the Yeti began to exhibit strange behaviors, such as beeping loudly every few minutes. We called Goal Zero and spoke to a very helpful and apologetic customer support representative, who walked us through a few tests over the phone. It was eventually determined that our Yeti would need to be exchanged for a new unit under warranty.
Above: A standard 120W wall charger (top) is included with the Yeti, but the charger that arrived with our first Yeti 1500X was evidently defective. Goal Zero replaced it under warranty. The optional 600W charger (bottom) will recharge the unit nearly five times faster.
On the upside, Goal Zero quickly shipped us a replacement Yeti and new charger, and everything functioned normally this time. A company representative stated that the excessive heat may have been caused by a faulty power brick, and said that this is the first one they’ve seen fail in such a manner. Regardless, we had no more problems from that point forward.
Testing the Yeti
Above: Although the Yeti 1500X has sturdy carry handles built in, it weighs 46 pounds, so the optional Roll Cart is a valuable accessory.
We spent several months using the Yeti 1500X, both around the house and in off-grid locations. It effortlessly powered a variety of USB devices, including phones, radios, flashlights, and camera battery chargers. Two 5V 2.4A USB-A ports, an 18W USB-C Quick Charge (QC) port, and a 60W USB-C Power Delivery (PD) port will handle most small-to-medium electronics with ease. In the garage, the Yeti powered a Dremel, drill, and a large shop vac without breaking a sweat. Inside the house, we tested it on multiple fans, a TV, a blender, a coffee maker, a laptop charger, and a mini fridge without any hiccups.
Strangely, the only reasonable device we found that gave the Yeti trouble was a car-camping air mattress inflator that ran on the 12V DC car accessory port. This pump was marked at 8A, less than the port’s peak draw of 13A, but it would still trip the Yeti’s circuit protection feature, resulting in a red light on the relevant output button. We suspect that turning on the pump caused a momentary spike above its own advertised 8A rating. Thankfully, tripping a circuit doesn’t require throwing a breaker or replacing a blown fuse — just press the button and watch the light reset from red to white. It’s also worth noting that the Yeti had no issue running a similar air pump off its AC inverter wall outlets, so choose a mattress inflator accordingly if you’re planning to use the Yeti for car camping.
If you install the Goal Zero app on your smartphone, you can pair it with the Yeti to monitor charging status, control preferences, activate or deactivate ports, and update the unit’s firmware. This can be done from nearby via Bluetooth, or from anywhere via WiFi Direct Connect.
Above: These Light-A-Life lanterns can be connected to the Yeti’s 6mm ports or daisy-chained to each other. Each features an integrated eight-foot cord and magnetic carabiner.
To add to the versatility of the Yeti, we picked up a few optional accessories. First, the Yeti Roll Cart ($100) is highly recommended if you’re going to use the power station in anything but a static position. It makes moving the 46-pound device much easier. Next, we got two Goal Zero Light-A-Life 350 LED lanterns ($40 each), which feature integrated, daisy-chainable 6mm power cords and carabiners. These lanterns are ideal for hanging inside a tent or awning next to the Yeti, and can produce 350 lumens of warm white light for hundreds of hours. A 600W wall charger ($200) makes it possible to recharge the Yeti in only 3 hours, as opposed to 14 hours with the standard wall charger.
Above: The Boulder 100 Briefcase solar panel folds in half for easier transport and storage. Each panel is enclosed in an aluminum frame and protected by tempered glass.
Finally, for a fully off-grid-capable setup, we paired our Yeti 1500X with a Goal Zero Boulder 100 Solar Briefcase ($300, or $200 if purchased with a Yeti 1500X). This consists of two 50W solar panels chained together inside a sturdy aluminum frame. For easy transport, the Boulder 100 Briefcase can be folded in half and stowed in an included canvas bag.
When our Yeti needs to be topped off, we just unfold the “briefcase,” prop up the stand, face the panel into the sun, and plug in the integrated 8mm cable. The Yeti’s LCD display immediately shows how much power the panel is producing, as well as an estimated time until fully charged. Under ideal circumstances, Goal Zero says the Boulder 100 will fully recharge the Yeti 1500X in 18-36 hours. If you have multiple panels, they can be linked to charge the Yeti much faster.
Conclusion
Once we got past the warranty exchange hiccup we had with our first Yeti, we were impressed by the capabilities and ease of use this power station offers. Although it’s certainly possible to wire up some car batteries to create a DIY emergency power source for less money, you’ll need to invest a lot of time and research into that project, and it certainly won’t be as portable.
The Yeti 1500X is easy to pick up and place in the trunk of a car, and we found that incredibly helpful for road trips and camping weekends. Its display makes it clear exactly how much power is remaining and how long a specific device (or devices) can run; in the unlikely event a circuit is overloaded, the Yeti’s built-in protection features make it easy to find the issue and reset the port with a single button press. And Goal Zero’s huge ecosystem of parts and accessories makes it simple to expand this power station’s capabilities with integration systems for solar panels, your vehicle, or your home.
Much like clean running water from the tap, a reliable source of electricity isn’t just a superfluous luxury. It’s a modern-day resource you truly appreciate once you’ve been forced to go without it.
A killer hurricane makes landfall in your area, causing widespread devastation. The once familiar neighborhood outside your doors now resembles an apocalyptic wasteland. Thanks to solid planning, preparations, and maybe a little luck, you survived. But what now? Although these storms can be tremendously destructive; the tropical cyclone aftermath can often be just as challenging.
After any major storm, roads, streets, and highways will be covered with incredible amounts of disaster debris, making even short-distance travel dangerous, or downright impossible. Under these conditions it’s best to stay put. But when circumstances require you to leave the relative safety of your home, having the right gear, supplies, and the proper mindset can mean the difference between a safe journey and getting stranded in the middle of a very ugly situation.
This isn’t about bugging out and fighting your way out of Dodge, it’s about essential mobility in the aftermath of a crisis. Whether it’s getting to a hospital or reaching a friend/relative who’s in trouble, getting from point A to point B will be far easier if you know what to expect, what to do, and what gear to have in your kit.
What to Expect After the Storm
Severe Flooding
Tropical cyclones can bring lots of rainfall in a short amount of time, resulting in widespread flooding. Standing water can conceal deep potholes, tree branches, downed power lines, and other dangerous vehicle-damaging debris. Driving through standing water is never a good idea, but after a storm it could be fatal.
Hazardous Road Conditions
After a tropical cyclone, the roads may be covered with all sorts of plant debris, but what’s underneath that blanket of vegetation may be much more dangerous. Expect sharp, twisted metal, and other jagged objects that can easily puncture or slash tires. Post-hurricane, many roads will be choked with construction debris, roofing nails, fallen trees, dangerous rubble, and downed power lines — all have the potential to abruptly shut your trip down.
Out-of-Control Motorists
Hurricane-force winds can destroy, or severely damage, traffic lights and signs. Expect chaotic driving conditions, as the rules-of-the-road are replaced by the every-man-for-himself mentality. Add to this distracted, stressed-out, panicked drivers trying to navigate through some very difficult circumstances.
Grid-Down Conditions
It’s not unusual for the power to be out for days, maybe even weeks, after a tropical cyclone. This means closed gasoline stations, blacked-out traffic and streetlights, and possibly a larger number of pedestrians trying to make their way around all the debris. Overnight, this reality will change the way you live and require drastic changes in what you do and how you do it.
Slow Cleanup
Over the past 20 years, urban centers have been expanding, and weather-related disasters have been increasing in intensity and frequency. Powerful debris-generating tropical cyclones can easily overwhelm solid waste management facilities, and delay recovery efforts. Expect to see entire communities drowning in storm debris and piles of rotting garbage overflowing onto the streets. If previous storms are any indication of what to expect, don’t anticipate a quick cleanup.
Altered Traffic Patterns
Roads may be closed, and traffic redirected to bypass damaged infrastructure. If you need to travel, plan on using alternate routes away from overcrowded main traffic arteries. But be prepared for adverse road conditions since these lesser-used roads will typically be the last to be cleared of storm debris, and major obstacles. The first priority for cleanup crews will be to clear a path for emergency vehicles and utility repair workers.
Post Tropical Cyclone Vehicle Preparation
Most vehicles on the road today were designed to be driven on relatively smooth, flat pavement. After a tropical cyclone, many a “daily driver” will not be up to the challenge. Anticipate a high number of abandoned vehicles, as motorists leave their damaged rides on the side of the road and continue on foot. To help reduce the chances of you becoming an unwilling pedestrian, here are some areas to focus on.
The most vulnerable part of your vehicle are probably the tires. Normally, a flat or damaged tire is an annoyance; in the aftermath of a storm, however, it can stop you dead in your tracks. Just having a spare tire is not enough, especially if it’s one of those anemic small spares. You’ll need a full-size spare (preferably more than one), and the ability to repair and re-inflate damaged tires.
Here are some tips and suggestions:
Multiple Spare Tires
Under normal circumstances, the thought of lugging around more than one spare tire may seem absurd. After a hurricane, however, you’d be crazy to go anywhere without at least two full-size spare tires. The idea is simple — having multiple tires pre-mounted on simple, inexpensive rims will ensure a quick tire change, and avoid time-consuming, dangerous roadside repairs.
If you plan on driving in a post-hurricane environment, severe tire damage is an absolute certainty; the idea is to resolve the problem quickly, even under the most difficult circumstances. Having multiple spares, is a practical solution that can’t be beat.
Put a Plug In It
Normally, a flat requires nothing more than a trip to the tire shop for a quick repair, or replacement. During an emergency, you’ll need gear to handle it yourself. A temporary tire repair can usually be made by removing the foreign object from the puncture site, reaming the hole, and inserting a sticky, self-vulcanizing plug.
The Speedy Seal tire repair kit from ARB includes all the necessary components to repair tubeless tires. Hard plastic...
The ARB Speedy Seal Tire Repair Kit contains all the necessary components for making emergency repairs on tubeless radial or cross-ply tires, without having to remove the tire from the rim — this is a huge plus. But plugging the hole is only one part of the repair; you’ll also need to re-inflate the tire(s). The ARB High Performance 12V Air Compressor is a portable, self-contained unit that operates using your vehicle’s 12-volt battery to quickly re-inflate tires.
The ARB Portable 12V Air Compressor, (CKMP12) comes in a durable carrying case, includes a 19-foot air hose, and all...
Run-flat Tires
Run-flat, or self-supporting tires have sidewalls that are heavily reinforced to support the vehicle, and to withstand deflation over limited distances, usually 100 to 300 miles, depending on road and driving conditions. While this is an advantage, blowouts are still possible, and sidewall damage can take the tire completely out of service. When you do get a puncture, it’s not always easily repaired, sometimes requiring an expensive tire replacement. While these tires do offer some valuable advantages, they do have limitations and you’ll still need a backup plan.
Self-Sealing Tires
These bad boys have a layer of sealant inside the tire that helps maintain air pressure when punctured. Not bad, but, this feature only works if the puncture is no larger than 5mm, and is near the tread center. Larger punctures, slashes, and tears can still flatten the tire. As with run-flats, self-sealing tires are more expensive than conventional tires, and you’ll still need a plan to replace or repair damaged tires.
Also make sure to have a quality jack to lift your vehicle safely and securely. After a storm, security will be a big concern, and you’ll want to spend as little time as possible exposed on the roadside. Plan and prepare to resolve potential problems quickly and efficiently.
Emergency Tools
A good bag is the foundation for building your toolkit. Look for sturdy handles, well-reinforced corners, and...
Emergency roadside repairs can often be made with simple hand tools. Sounds easy enough, unless those tools are sitting in your garage. In the aftermath of a crisis, you’ll need to pack the right gear, even for short trips. While a generic tool kit is better than nothing at all, consider putting together your own toolkit. Include multipurpose tools, in the sizes you’re most likely to need for your make and model vehicle. (See the checklist below for basic toolkit suggestions.)
Note: Avoid the all-in-one, roadside emergency tool kits commonly built around useless filler items. Always buy solid tools that won’t fall apart the first time you use them. Test your tools under real-world conditions well in advance of any crisis.
Self-Rescue Gear
After a tropical cyclone fallen trees, utility poles, fences, signs, even dislodged roadway guardrails can block roads and create serious hazards, causing you to make your way around the obstacles. But leaving the paved surface brings the risk of getting stuck in mud, sand, or loose dirt. MAXTRAX is a lightweight vehicle recovery device designed to be safely deployed and used by one person. It provides serious traction in wet or dry conditions, and can even be inverted and used as an improvised shovel to clear debris from around the tires.
MAXTRAX is a lightweight vehicle extraction tool for safe, quick, and easy recovery in mud, sand, or standing water. Can also be used as an improvised shovel to clear debris from around the tires, and under your vehicle. Bright orange color makes them easy to see in any environment.
Note: It’s also a good idea to pack a small shovel, axe, bolt cutters, handsaw, and machete to help in clearing away small debris, branches, or other obstructions. Flashlights, lanterns, and headlamps with extra batteries should always be in your vehicle, along with an emergency vehicle kit containing flares, jumper cables, gloves, etc., all the stuff you’d need for routine road hazards.
Navigating Checkpoints
Checkpoints are not something we see a lot of here in the USA, but after a tropical cyclone, it’s something we may need to anticipate and prepare for. After a storm, access to certain areas may be managed by law enforcement checkpoints. If you encounter these checkpoints, be prepared to identify yourself and to explain the purpose of your trip. You may be asked for a valid driver’s license or some other government-issued photo identification.
Also be ready to explain the visible contents of your vehicle. (A word to the wise: pack your gear discreetly and don’t dress like Rambo.) The less attention you call to yourself, and your vehicle, the better. Even though checkpoints are usually set up long after the affected neighborhoods have been stripped clean by looters, ironically, innocent people can get jammed-up for lack of proper ID, or for having the “wrong” look.
Fuel
You should expect gasoline stations to be closed, completely dry from the pre-storm run, or at best unable to process any form of credit or debit cards. If you’re caught short on gas, or simply want to top-off the tank and you’re lucky enough to find a functioning station, expect long lines and to pay in cash. If you’re looking to fill gasoline containers, make sure to bring your own. After a storm, gasoline containers are almost impossible to find, at any price.
Mindset
During any crisis, some people will be at their best, while others will unfortunately be at their worst, especially if rescue efforts don’t arrive as quickly as expected. Getting through this chaos, and adjusting to the new (although temporary) normal is never easy, but having the right mindset will help you get through the madness.
It’s really important that you understand and accept that, at least for a while, you’ll be on your own. Don’t expect any outside help. Accepting this reality and planning for it, is possibly one of the most important things you can do for yourself, and your family. Take the time to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills, to take care of your own problems. Real-world practice will help you develop confidence and expose weaknesses.
Rookie Mistakes to Avoid After a Hurricane
Driving a Storm-Damaged Vehicle
Perform a throughout inspection of your vehicle, including the undercarriage, the engine compartment, and any portions of the vehicle exposed to the effects of the storm, before taking the vehicle on the road. Look for water, wind, and flying debris damage. If in doubt, don’t take the risk of driving an unsafe vehicle.
No Survival Supplies
Setting out, on even a short trip, without essential survival supplies, is asking for trouble. Pack water, calorie-dense energy food, a first-aid kit and daily medications, communications, spare clothes, and extra shoes.
Failing to Leave a Trail
If things go badly during your trip, will others know where to start looking for you? Draw out a map showing your anticipated route and itinerary. If you don’t arrive at your destination, at least others will know where to start their search.
Underestimating the Dangers
Just because the storm has passed doesn’t mean it’s safe to venture out. We all know that storms kill people, but many of us are surprised to learn that there are often more fatalities and serious injuries in post-storm related incidents. The period immediately after a storm is usually the most dangerous, and an excellent time to shelter in place and avoid the chaos. If you must go out, do so with extreme caution, and never by yourself.
Basic Toolkit Checklist
Pack quality tools that you’re most likely to need for your vehicle during an emergency. At minimum, your kit should contain the following items:
Set of socket wrenches
Screwdrivers — full set
Open and adjustable wrenches
Adjustable, Lineman’s and Diagonal pliers
Multitool
Bolt cutters, crowbar, and hammer
LED lantern, flashlight and extra batteries
Duck and electrical tape, tie wraps
Don Becker / U.S. Geological Survey
Speaking From Experience: Hurricane Andrew
In the early morning hours of August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew tore a destructive path through South Florida, causing more than $26.5 billion in property damage (in 1992 dollars), and leveling more than 100,000 houses in Miami-Dade County. Overnight, this Category 5 storm transformed a thriving community into terrifying piles of rubble.
At first light of day, the true extent of the devastation became painfully obvious our family home was completely destroyed, and we were forced to evacuate. Using the rear bumper of my Jeep as a battering ram, I pushed the jammed garage door off its tracks, and began a long and difficult journey. It would take many hours of painfully slow travel, over roads blanketed by storm debris, fallen trees, toppled utility poles, and tangled power lines, to get to safety.
As I look back today, I realize just how lucky we were. Despite the loss of our home, and most of our personal property, it could have been much worse. Since Andrew, I have weathered many more tropical cyclones, but one constant remains — there is no substitute for skills, planning, gear, and the proper mindset. It also doesn’t hurt to be lucky.
Wrap-Up
Hitting the streets after a hurricane, even for a short trip, requires skills, gear, supplies and the right mindset. Understanding the challenges, and knowing how to manage the situation will dramatically increase the odds in your favor, and help you safely overcome the obstacles. When the time comes you will either be prepared, or you may find yourself among the many victims, waiting for help to arrive. Now is the time to give yourself every possible advantage. Stay safe, and be prepared.
Above: Common Emergency Supplies make great barter items.
